Effect of papaverine on left internal mammary artery flow: topical spraying versus perivascular injection method

Abstract Objective: To analyze two techniques of papaverine application, topical spray on the harvested left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and perivascular injection, to find out their ability to improve LIMA flow. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. In Group 1, papaverine was sprayed on the harvested pedunculated LIMA. In Group 2, papaverine was delivered into the perivascular plane. Drug dosage was the same for both groups. LIMA flow was measured 20 minutes after applying papaverine. Blood flow was recorded for 20 seconds and flow per minute was calculated. The systemic mean pressures were maintained at 70 mmHg during blood collection. The data collected was statistically evaluated and interpreted. Results: The LIMA blood flow before papaverine application in the Group 1 was 51.9±13.40 ml/min and in Group 2 it was 55.1±15.70 ml/min. Statistically, LIMA flows were identical in both groups before papaverine application. The LIMA blood flow, post papaverine application, in Group 1 was 87.20±13.46 ml/min and in Group 2 it was 104.7±20.19 ml/min. The Group 2 flows were statistically higher than Group 1 flows. Conclusion: Papaverine delivery to LIMA by the perivascular injection method provided statistically significant higher flows when compared to the topical spray method. Hence, the perivascular delivery of papaverine is more efficient than the spray method in improving LIMA blood flow.

Temporospatial fate of bacteria and immune effector expression in house flies fed GFP-Escherichia coli O157:H7.

The house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) harbours and transmits a variety of human enteropathogens including Escherichia coli (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) O157:H7. Interactions between ingested bacteria and the fly gut directly impact bacterial persistence, survival and ultimately fly vector competence. We assessed the temporospatial fate of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing E. coli O157:H7 (GFP-ECO157) in house flies along with fly antimicrobial responses up to 12 h post-ingestion. In flies fed GFP-ECO157, culture and microscopy revealed a steady decrease in bacterial load over 12 h, which is likely to be attributable to the combined effects of immobilization within the peritrophic matrix, lysis and peristaltic excretion. However, flies can putatively transmit this pathogen in excreta because intact bacteria were observed in the crop and rectum. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lysozyme gene expression showed minimal upregulation in both the gut and carcass of house flies fed GFP-ECO157. However, these genes were upregulated in fly heads and salivary glands, and effector proteins were detected in the gut in some flies. Collectively, these data indicate that house flies can serve as reservoirs of E. coli O157:H7 for up to 12 h, and factors in addition to AMPs and lysozyme may contribute to bacteria destruction in the gut.

Storage influence on the functional, sensory and keeping quality of quality protein maize flour.

Apart from nutritional values functional and sensory properties affect the behavior of food system and its acceptability for consumption during storage. Hence keeping quality of maize flour (HQPM-7) with and without lime treatment(control) was studied in terms of functional (bulk density, pH, swelling capacity, water and oil absorption capacity, least gelation concentration, peroxide value), sensory (appearance, color, taste, texture, mouth feel and overall acceptability) and rolling parameters (water absorption by flour, rolling quality, diameter after baking ) for a period of 6 months under room temperature (25 ± 5 °C) in two types of packages viz, LDPE cover (P) and plastic box (B). Physical parameters such as length, breadth and thickness (11.26-10.52 mm, 9.67-9.14 mm, & 4.72-3.95 mm) were reduced in lime treated grains compared to control. Significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in ash content of lime treated flour (1.67 ± 0.01 g) was observed compared to control (1.5 ± 0.02 g). Calcium content of lime treated maize flour increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from 48 to 136 mg. There is a significant reduction in functional properties of flour after 3 and 2 months irrespective in polyethylene cover and plastic box. The properties like rolling quality, diameter after baking and water uptake by the flour were reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after 4 months of storage in treated and after 1 month in control samples. Sensory scores of roti (dry pan cake) decreased significantly after 3 months of storage with an overall acceptability score of 4.0 and 3.4. In control samples mean taste (3.6), mouth feel (3.8) as well as OAA scores (3.8) decreased after second month. Hence lime treated maize flour with added nutritional benefits is suitable for making rotis of good palatability and can be stored in LDPE covers up to 3 months.

A new approach for the synthesis of hyperbranched N-glycan core structures from locust bean gum.

A novel protocol for the synthesis of general N-glycan core structures was established by means of Manß(1→4)Man peracetate derived from a naturally abundant locust bean gum as a key starting material. Phenyl (2-O-benzyl-4,6-O-benzylidine-ß-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1→4)-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-1-thio-ß-D-glucopyranoside facilitated the synthesis of key intermediates leading to hyperbranched N-glycan core structures.

Heart period and QT variability, hostility, and type-A behavior in normal controls and patients with panic disorder.

OBJECTIVES: Excess cardiovascular morbidity has been reported in association with phobic anxiety as well as in association with hostility and type-A behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the measures of hostility and type-A behavior, and heart period (HP) and QT variability in normal controls and patients with panic disorder. METHODS: Data were obtained from Holter ECG records for HP and heart rate (HR) and QT variability measures were obtained from 5 min laboratory ECG records in normal controls (n=21) and patients with panic disorder (n=27). RESULTS: Patients with panic disorder were significantly more hostile, and had significantly higher scores on Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) speed and impatience subscale (S scale). Hostility did not correlate with either HP variability or QT variability. Higher type-A scores were associated with higher low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) powers of HP variability and standing QT variability was associated inversely with type-A and S scores of the JAS in patients with panic disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that higher hostility and higher type-A scores are associated with decreased cardiac vagal function.

Pericentric inversion chromosome 9 and personality disorder.

A case of pericentric inversion chromosome 9 with an associated personality disorder is reported. There is justification for a more widespread cytogenetic screening of psychiatric disorders of this type.

Psychological sequelae of head injury.

Psychological disturbances are common after head injuries. A constellation of factors--organic, psychosocial and legal--may contribute to disability. Behavioural problems are not uncommon in children after head injuries. Developments in understanding the mechanisms that might lead to these complications have brought about improved management techniques.