BACKGROUND: Presently, the application of stem cells and their paracrine effect for anti-ageing therapy has commenced. Wharton's jelly-derived stem cell conditioned medium (WJSCs-CM) is renowned for increasing proliferation, migrate ageing skin fibroblasts and increase consumption of extracellular transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß). With more than 85% of frequently used dermal filler procedures are hyaluronic acid fillers (HA), a mixture of both with optimal HA crosslinking degree has not yet been identified. AIM: This study aimed to determine the discrepancies in the results of various HA crosslinking degree in WJSCs-CM concerning various levels of growth factors (GF). METHODS: Conditioned medium was obtained from mesenchymal stem cells Wharton's jelly of the newborn umbilical cord with caesarean section procedure, fabricated with hypoxia method (HCM). HA was obtained from preparations on the market with crosslinking degrees of 3%, 4%, and 10%. GF levels were measured using sandwich ELISA method based on the protocol provided by anti-TGF-ß1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) antibody producers (Cloud-Clone Corp®, Texas, USA). RESULTS: Low degree HA crosslinking (3% and 4%) elevated TGF-ß1 release in WJSCs-CM. HA crosslinking did not provoke increased levels of PDGF and bFGF in WJSCs-CM, both at low and higher degrees. CONCLUSION: Low degree HA crosslinking induced the increase of TGF-ß1 release in WJSCs-CM.
OBJECTIVE: This research was an experimental study that was aimed to detect differences response of tactile sensory stimulus between normal children and children with sensory brain development disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). MATERIALS & METHODS: A total of 134 children, in two groups including 67 healthy children (control) and 67 children with autism were studied. Tactile sensory stimulus responses in children were tested directly using a Reflex Hammer. In addition, tactile sensory sensitivity was also assessed via questionnaire Short Sensory Profile (SSP) filled out by the child's parents. All response data were analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test; questionnaire data was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U Test. RESULTS: Autistic children were more sensitive to palpation and pain than children who were not autistic. Furthermore, the value of SSP was also significantly higher (P<0.05) in autistic children, which means that they always responded to all categories in the SSP questionnaire than children who are not autistic. CONCLUSION: Autistic children are more sensitive to tactile sensory stimulus and all categories of SSP than children who are not autistic.
