Tocilizumab is effective in preventing ovarian injury induced by ischemia- reperfusion in rats.

Ovarian torsion can be defined as the bending of the ovaries on the supporting ligament, disrupting both venous and arterial blood circulation. Insufficient blood flow causes ovarian tissue hypoxia and leads to ischemia. This study aimed to investigate whether tocilizumab has a protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion in rats. Eighteen female Wistar albino rats were divided into three equal groups (Sham (SG), ischemia-reperfusion (OIR), and ischemia-reperfusion+tocilizumab (OIRT)). Degeneration, necrosis, vascular dilatation/congestion, interstitial edema, hemorrhage, and polymorphonuclear lymphocyte (PMNL) infiltration scores were significantly different between the groups (p=0.001 for all parameters). Moreover, the OIRT group had a significant improvement in these criteria compared to the OIR group (p<0.05). Additionally, there was a considerable difference between OIRT and OIR groups in the number of primordial, developing, and atretic follicles groups (p<0.05), while there was no difference in the number of corpus luteum (p=0.052). Stress markers or cytokines, such as MDA, tGSH, NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6, were significantly different between groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement was found in the measured variables when the OIRT group was compared with the OIR group (p<0.05). Tocilizumab may be an alternative option for treating ischemia-reperfusion injury due to ovarian torsion.

Increased neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in malignant parotid tumors / Relação neutrófilo-linfócito aumentada e relação plaqueta-linfócito em tumores malignos da parótida

Abstract Introduction Recently it has been reported that a high preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio may be related to increased recurrence risk, tumor aggressiveness, and worsened prognosis in various malignancies. Objective The objective of this research is to explore whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in parotid tumors may or may not be used as a cancer marker. Methods This retrospective research has been conducted on a total of 228 patients consisting of 83 healthy persons and 145 patients with a mass in the parotid gland, who applied to a tertiary referral center and underwent surgery. Patients have been divided into two groups by their histopathological findings as malignant or benign parotid tumor. A third group consisting of healthy people has been defined as the control group. Also the malignant parotid tumor group has been divided into two subgroups as early stage and advanced stage. The groups have been compared in terms of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and other laboratory data. Results The average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio values of malignant parotid tumor, benign parotid tumor, healthy control groups were 2.51, 2.01, 1.79 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between advanced stage and early stage parotid tumor groups in terms of average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio value (p = 0.782). In dual comparisons, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio value of patients in the malignant group was found out to be statistically significantly higher than that of benign and control groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001 respectively). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge our research is the first in the medical literature comparing neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in patients with parotid tumor. neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio can serve as cost-effective, repeatable, easily accessible, and helpful inflammatory markers in order to distinguish patients with malignant parotid tumor from healthy people.

Resumo Introdução Recentemente, tem sido relatado que as relações neutrófilo-linfócito e plaqueta-linfócito aumentadas no pré-operatório podem estar relacionadas ao aumento do risco de recorrência e agressividade do tumor e pior prognóstico em várias neoplasias malignas. Objetivo Investigar se as relações neutrófilo-linfócito e plaqueta-linfócito em tumores da parótida podem ou não serem utilizadas como marcadores de câncer. Método Esta pesquisa retrospectiva foi conduzida com 228 indivíduos, 83 saudáveis e 145 com tumor de parótida, os quais foram encaminhados a um centro de referência terciária e operados. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com os achados histopatológicos de malignidade e benignidade. O terceiro grupo foi composto por indivíduos saudáveis, foi definido como o grupo controle. Além disso, o grupo com tumores malignos da parótida foi dividido em dois subgrupos, um com pacientes em estágio inicial da doença e o outro com pacientes em estágio avançado. Os grupos foram comparados em termos das relações neutrófilo-linfócito e plaqueta-linfócito e outros dados laboratoriais. Resultados Os valores médios da relação neutrófilo-linfócito do tumor maligno de parótida, do tumor benigno de parótida e do grupo controle foram de 2,51, 2,01 e 1,79, respectivamente, com uma diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos em estágio avançado e em estágio inicial em termos de valor médio da relação neutrófilo-linfócito (p = 0,782). Em comparações duplas, o valor da relação plaqueta-linfócito dos pacientes do grupo do grupo com tumor maligno foi estatisticamente maior do que nos grupos com tumor benigno e controle (p < 0,001 e p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão Que seja de nosso conhecimento, nosso estudo é o primeiro na literatura médica a comparar a relação neutrófilo-linfócito e a relação plaqueta-linfócito em pacientes com tumor de parótida. As relações neutrófilo-linfócito e plaqueta-linfócito podem servir como marcadores inflamatórios de baixo custo, reproduzíveis, de fácil acesso e úteis, a fim de distinguir os pacientes com tumor maligno de parótida de pessoas saudáveis.

Increased neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and platelet lymphocyte ratio in malignant parotid tumors.

INTRODUCTION: Recently it has been reported that a high preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio may be related to increased recurrence risk, tumor aggressiveness, and worsened prognosis in various malignancies. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this research is to explore whether neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in parotid tumors may or may not be used as a cancer marker. METHODS: This retrospective research has been conducted on a total of 228 patients consisting of 83 healthy persons and 145 patients with a mass in the parotid gland, who applied to a tertiary referral center and underwent surgery. Patients have been divided into two groups by their histopathological findings as malignant or benign parotid tumor. A third group consisting of healthy people has been defined as the control group. Also the malignant parotid tumor group has been divided into two subgroups as early stage and advanced stage. The groups have been compared in terms of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-lymphocyte ratio and other laboratory data. RESULTS: The average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio values of malignant parotid tumor, benign parotid tumor, healthy control groups were 2.51, 2.01, 1.79 respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between advanced stage and early stage parotid tumor groups in terms of average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio value (p=0.782). In dual comparisons, the platelet-lymphocyte ratio value of patients in the malignant group was found out to be statistically significantly higher than that of benign and control groups (p<0.001 and p=0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge our research is the first in the medical literature comparing neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in patients with parotid tumor. neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio can serve as cost-effective, repeatable, easily accessible, and helpful inflammatory markers in order to distinguish patients with malignant parotid tumor from healthy people.

An experimental study on the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy.

PURPOSE: To compare the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ozone preconditioning and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in an experimental rat model. METHODS: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6 for each group). Group I served as control and Group II had only contrast agent, while Group III received NAC and Group IV received intraperitoneal ozone 6 hours before and 6 hours after introduction of contrast agent. Ozone treatment was applied for 5 days after the contrast agent was introduced in Group V. After induction of CIN, groups were compared in terms of serum levels of urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, protein carbonyl, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as degree of renal injury at histopathologic level. RESULTS: Groups II-V displayed more obvious histopathological alterations such as hemorrhage and renal tubular injury compared with Group I. TAC (p=0.043) and creatinine (p=0.046) levels increased significantly in Group II after the intervention. In Group III, protein carbonyl level diminished remarkably (p=0.046), while creatinine level was increased (p=0.046) following the intervention. TAC level was higher in Group IV (p=0.028) and Group V (p=0.026) following the procedure. CONCLUSION: The N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment may alleviate the biochemical and histopathological deleterious effects of contrast-induced nephropathy via enhancement of total antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress.

An experimental study on the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy

Purpose: To compare the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ozone preconditioning and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in an experimental rat model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6 for each group). Group I served as control and Group II had only contrast agent, while Group III received NAC and Group IV received intraperitoneal ozone 6 hours before and 6 hours after introduction of contrast agent. Ozone treatment was applied for 5 days after the contrast agent was introduced in Group V. After induction of CIN, groups were compared in terms of serum levels of urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, protein carbonyl, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as degree of renal injury at histopathologic level. Results: Groups II-V displayed more obvious histopathological alterations such as hemorrhage and renal tubular injury compared with Group I. TAC (p=0.043) and creatinine (p=0.046) levels increased significantly in Group II after the intervention. In Group III, protein carbonyl level diminished remarkably (p=0.046), while creatinine level was increased (p=0.046) following the intervention. TAC level was higher in Group IV (p=0.028) and Group V (p=0.026) following the procedure. Conclusion: The N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment may alleviate the biochemical and histopathological deleterious effects of contrast-induced nephropathy via enhancement of total antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress.(AU)

An experimental study on the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy

Abstract Purpose: To compare the preventive effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ozone preconditioning and ozone treatment against contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in an experimental rat model. Methods: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into five groups (n=6 for each group). Group I served as control and Group II had only contrast agent, while Group III received NAC and Group IV received intraperitoneal ozone 6 hours before and 6 hours after introduction of contrast agent. Ozone treatment was applied for 5 days after the contrast agent was introduced in Group V. After induction of CIN, groups were compared in terms of serum levels of urea, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin, protein carbonyl, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as well as degree of renal injury at histopathologic level. Results: Groups II-V displayed more obvious histopathological alterations such as hemorrhage and renal tubular injury compared with Group I. TAC (p=0.043) and creatinine (p=0.046) levels increased significantly in Group II after the intervention. In Group III, protein carbonyl level diminished remarkably (p=0.046), while creatinine level was increased (p=0.046) following the intervention. TAC level was higher in Group IV (p=0.028) and Group V (p=0.026) following the procedure. Conclusion: The N-acetyl cysteine and ozone treatment may alleviate the biochemical and histopathological deleterious effects of contrast-induced nephropathy via enhancement of total antioxidant capacity and decreasing oxidative stress.

Assessment of the effectiveness of a ventilator associated pneumonia prevention bundle that contains endotracheal tube with subglottic drainage and cuff pressure monitorization

ABSTRACT The effectiveness of prevention bundles on the occurrence and mortality of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) was evaluated in many studies. However, the effectiveness of endotracheal tube with subglottic secretion drainage (ETT-SD) and cuff pressure monitorization in VAP bundles have not been adequately assessed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VAP bundle containing ETT-SD and cuff pressure monitorization. This was a prospective, controlled study that was carried out between March 2011 and April 2012 including intubated patients. The study was conducted at the Anesthesiology Intensive Care Unit 1 and 2 (10 beds each) in a 898-bed university hospital. Occurrence of VAP and compliance with the parameters of the VAP prevention bundles were assessed daily. Patients intubated with the standard endotracheal tube were recruited as controls, mainly in the first six months of the study as ETT-SD and cuff pressure monometer had not yet been implemented. In the second term, patients intubated with ETT-SD were included as cases. Occurrence of VAP, mortality, and compliance with VAP prevention bundles were monitored. A total of 133 patients, 37 cases and 96 controls were recruited. VAP incidence declined from 40.82 to 22.16 per 1000 ventilator days among controls and cases, respectively (p < 005). On average, VAP occurred 17.33 ± 21.09 days in the case group and 10.43 ± 7.83 days in the control group (p = 0.04). However, mortality of cases and controls at the 14th and 30th days was not different. VAP prevention bundles including the utilization of ETT-SD, monitoring cuff pressure, and oral care with chlorhexidine were efficient in reducing the rate of VAP.

Assessment of the effectiveness of a ventilator associated pneumonia prevention bundle that contains endotracheal tube with subglottic drainage and cuff pressure monitorization.

The effectiveness of prevention bundles on the occurrence and mortality of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) was evaluated in many studies. However, the effectiveness of endotracheal tube with subglottic secretion drainage (ETT-SD) and cuff pressure monitorization in VAP bundles have not been adequately assessed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of VAP bundle containing ETT-SD and cuff pressure monitorization. This was a prospective, controlled study that was carried out between March 2011 and April 2012 including intubated patients. The study was conducted at the Anesthesiology Intensive Care Unit 1 and 2 (10 beds each) in a 898-bed university hospital. Occurrence of VAP and compliance with the parameters of the VAP prevention bundles were assessed daily. Patients intubated with the standard endotracheal tube were recruited as controls, mainly in the first six months of the study as ETT-SD and cuff pressure monometer had not yet been implemented. In the second term, patients intubated with ETT-SD were included as cases. Occurrence of VAP, mortality, and compliance with VAP prevention bundles were monitored. A total of 133 patients, 37 cases and 96 controls were recruited. VAP incidence declined from 40.82 to 22.16 per 1000 ventilator days among controls and cases, respectively (p<005). On average, VAP occurred 17.33±21.09 days in the case group and 10.43±7.83 days in the control group (p=0.04). However, mortality of cases and controls at the 14th and 30th days was not different. VAP prevention bundles including the utilization of ETT-SD, monitoring cuff pressure, and oral care with chlorhexidine were efficient in reducing the rate of VAP.

Can thiamine pyrophosphate prevent desflurane induced hepatotoxicity in rats?

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) against desflurane induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS: Thirty experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), desflurane control (DCG) , TPP and desflurane group (TDG). 20 mg/kg TPP was injected to intraperitoneally TDG. After one hour of TPP administration, desflurane was applied for two hours. After 24 hours, liver tissues of the animals killed with decapitation were removed. The oxidant/antioxidant levels and ALT, AST and LDH activities were measured. The histopathological examinations were performed in the liver tissues for all rats. RESULTS: Notwithstanding the levels of oxidants and liver enzymes were significantly increased (p<0.0001), antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in DCG (p<0.0001). On contrary to the antioxidant parameters were increased (p<0.05) the oxidant parameters and liver enzymes were decreased in TDG (p<0.0001). Whereas multiple prominent, congestion, hemorrhage and dilatation were observed in sinusoids and lymphocyte-rich inflammation results in the centrilobular and portal areas of liver tissue in DCG, these findings were observed less frequently in TDG. CONCLUSION : Thiamine pyrophosphate prevented liver oxidative damage induced with desflurane and may be useful in prophylaxis of desflurane induced hepatotoxicity.

Can thiamine pyrophosphate prevent desflurane induced hepatotoxicity in rats?

ABSTRACT PURPOSE : To investigate the effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) against desflurane induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS : Thirty experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), desflurane control (DCG) , TPP and desflurane group (TDG). 20 mg/kg TPP was injected to intraperitoneally TDG. After one hour of TPP administration, desflurane was applied for two hours. After 24 hours, liver tissues of the animals killed with decapitation were removed. The oxidant/antioxidant levels and ALT, AST and LDH activities were measured. The histopathological examinations were performed in the liver tissues for all rats. RESULTS : Notwithstanding the levels of oxidants and liver enzymes were significantly increased (p<0.0001), antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in DCG (p<0.0001). On contrary to the antioxidant parameters were increased (p<0.05) the oxidant parameters and liver enzymes were decreased in TDG (p<0.0001). Whereas multiple prominent, congestion, hemorrhage and dilatation were observed in sinusoids and lymphocyte-rich inflammation results in the centrilobular and portal areas of liver tissue in DCG, these findings were observed less frequently in TDG. CONCLUSİON : Thiamine pyrophosphate prevented liver oxidative damage induced with desflurane and may be useful in prophylaxis of desflurane induced hepatotoxicity.

Can thiamine pyrophosphate prevent desflurane induced hepatotoxicity in rats?

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) against desflurane induced hepatotoxicity.METHODS: Thirty experimental animals were divided into groups as healthy (HG), desflurane control (DCG) , TPP and desflurane group (TDG). 20 mg/kg TPP was injected to intraperitoneally TDG. After one hour of TPP administration, desflurane was applied for two hours. After 24 hours, liver tissues of the animals killed with decapitation were removed. The oxidant/antioxidant levels and ALT, AST and LDH activities were measured. The histopathological examinations were performed in the liver tissues for all rats.RESULTS: Notwithstanding the levels of oxidants and liver enzymes were significantly increased (p<0.0001), antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in DCG (p<0.0001). On contrary to the antioxidant parameters were increased (p<0.05) the oxidant parameters and liver enzymes were decreased in TDG (p<0.0001). Whereas multiple prominent, congestion, hemorrhage and dilatation were observed in sinusoids and lymphocyte-rich inflammation results in the centrilobular and portal areas of liver tissue in DCG, these findings were observed less frequently in TDG.CONCLUSİON: Thiamine pyrophosphate prevented liver oxidative damage induced with desflurane and may be useful in prophylaxis of desflurane induced hepatotoxicity.(AU)