[Changes in food intake in 2 year old children between 1973 and 1986]. / Evolution de l'alimentation des enfants âgés de 2 ans entre 1973 et 1986.

The food intake time changes in 2-year-old children was evaluated on the basis of two studies conducted in 1973 and 1986. An increase in the consumption of dairy products, vegetables and fruits, fish and poultry was observed. In addition, the choice in dairy products and fat has changed: more semi-skimmed milk, less butter and more vegetable oil are consumed resulting in a better fatty acid balance in 1986. However, iron intake remains lower than the recommended dietary allowance given by the Centre de Coordination des Etudes et Recherches sur la Nutrition et l'Alimentation. Knowledge on the tendencies of food intake behaviour is useful to improve information and prevention.

[Longitudinal study of the feeding of children of 10 months, 2 and 4 years of age]. / Etude longitudinale de l'alimentation des enfants âgés de 10 mois, 2 ans et 4 ans.

A longitudinal study of feeding habits in children aged 10 months, 2 years and 4 years was undertaken in 2 health centers for children in the Paris area. The evolution of the feeding of the same children was studied according to age and the nutritional intakes were compared with the recommended dietary allowances of the Centre National de Coordination des Etudes et Recherches sur la Nutrition et l'Alimentation (CNERNA). The results show that there are excesses and insufficiencies common or specific to the 3 ages. High protein and saccharose or sugar supplemented diets were observed at ages 10 months, 2 and 4 years as it was for lipids at age 4 years. Insufficient intakes of iron, essential fatty acids and vitamin E were present at the 3 ages studied. Insufficient zinc and vitamin B1 intakes were found since age 2 years, and insufficient folic acid and vitamin B6 at 4 years. The energy intakes increased between 10 months and 4 years, especially between 10 months and 2 years, where mean increase was twice as important as between 2 and 4 years. Some children received decreasing intakes: 6% ate less at 2 years than at 10 months and 22% less at 4 years than at 2 years. The quantities of aliments taken increased with age except for some aliments such as vegetables, potatoes and fruit. On the basis of the observation of the evolution of children's behavior, one could propose dietary advices, in order to improve the problems described here.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

[Milk consumption in 10-month-old infants. Effects on iron intake]. / Etude de la consommation des laits des nourrissons de 10 mois. Incidence sur l'apport en fer.

A study was conducted in 278 10-month-old infants, examined in 2 health care centres in Paris. The dietary history method was used to evaluate their food consumption: 54.5% were receiving usual cow's milk (semi-skimmed or whole milk), 44% adapted infant formulas, and 1.5% cow milk products only. There was no relationship between the quality of milk consumption of these infants and the socio-economic level or the nationality of their parents. Infants receiving usual cow milk had an iron intake lower than the recommended daily amounts while those who were fed with the adapted infant formulas had an adequate daily iron intake.

[Feeding of 10-month-old infants. What problems? What solutions?]. / L'alimentation des enfants de 10 mois. Quels problèmes? Quelles solutions?

The feeding of 279 infants aged 10 months was evaluated by the dietary history method, in Paris health centers for children. The results of this survey, as compared with the recommended dietary allowances of the Centre National de Coordination des Etudes et Recherches sur la Nutrition et l'Alimentation (CNERNA) and of the National Research Council (NRC), showed that nutriment, vitamin and mineral needs are generally covered. However, intakes lower than the recommendations were observed concerning iron in 72% of the children, polyunsaturated fatty acids in 50% and vitamin E in 70%. In other respects, protein and saccharose intakes were high. Feeding of 10 months old children could be easily improved by choosing foods properly, allowing to cover these children's needs and to avoid excesses.

[Seroepidemiology of herpesvirus hominis and cytomegalovirus infections in the first 4 years of life (author's transl)]. / Séro-épidémiologie des infections par l'herpesvirus hominis et le cytomégalovirus au cours des 4 premières années de la vie.

Two hundred children and their mothers were examined when they were 10 months, 2 years and 4 years of age. Anti-cytomegalovirus, anti-Herpesvirus hominis and anti-rubella virus antibodies were titered. The evolution of antibody titers showed that primary infections with cytomegalovirus and Herpesvirus are especially frequent during the first months of life, and that mothers are the principal source of infection. In the group studied, it appeared that country of origin of the parents was the most important socio-economic factor influencing the frequency of infections in children, based upon the large variations of the serum positivity in mothers.

Seroepidemiology of cytomegalovirus infections during the first years of life in urban communities.

Using indirect haemagglutination assay, combined with a collection of blood samples on blotting cards, seroepidemiological surveys of cytomegalovirus infections during early infancy have been done in different populations (French and immigrant) in urban areas. The comparison of CMV antibody status of mothers and their children at 10 months and at 2 years of age enables possible factors of viral transmission to be defined. During the first year of life, seropositive mothers were the only source of infection and they remained the main source during the second year. Socioeconomic class and educational level are determinant factors in the incidence of viral transmission.