Ultrasonographic evaluation of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue before and after bariatric surgery.

Visceral fat is considered a key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions and diseases associated with obesity. Therefore, analysis of the dynamics of reducing the amount of abdominal visceral fat is important for evaluating the therapeutic effects of different modalities of obesity treatment, including bariatric surgery. In 53 obese patients visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was measured by ultrasonography (US) before and after bariatric surgery, in the period of 1, 3, 6 months. At the same time, standard anthropometric parameters were assessed: body mass (m), BMI, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC). Five diameters of the visceral abdominal fat (VAF) were measured: IAFT (Intraabdominal Fat Thickness), LV (Lienal Vein), VF (Visceral Fat), MES sum (Mesenterial leafs) and Max PFT (Maximal Preperitoneal Fat Thickness), and three diameters of the subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAF): Min SFT (Minimal Subcutaneous Fat), and MaxSFTa and MaxSFTb (Maximal Subcutaneous Fat Thickness a and b). Statistically significant decrease in all anthropometric parameters, except HC was registered 1, 3 and 6 months after the surgery. We registered the decline of almost all US diameters of abdominal adipose tissue in the follow-up period, but statistically significant decrease were found only in the diameters of visceral adipose tissue: IAFT after 1 and 3 months (p = 0.031 and p = 0.027); VF after 1 month (p = 0.031), LV after 6 months (p = 0.011), and MESsum after 3 and 6 months (p = 0.001 and p = 0.028), as well as MaxSFTb, at 1 month follow-up (p = 0.015). In the short-term follow-up period after the bariatric surgery, there was a significant decrease in body mass, BMI and WC, and ultrasonography revealed a significant reduction in the diameters of the visceral abdominal fat.

[Delayed MDCT in preoperative analysis of the hypopharyngeal postcricoid carcinomas].

INTRODUCTION: Determination of borders of the postcricoid tumors is of great significance during preoperative analysis, because it can be of considerable influence on operative treatment and its planning. Therefore, exact demarcation, delineation and opacification of tumor zone on CT analysis is crucial. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Late CT scan delay of 150 sec and slow vein flow of contrast agents of 1 ml/sec is radiological method of choice in preoperative evaluation of carcinoma of the post-cricoid region. For our purposes we used modern MSCT Light Speed GE 64, with slice thick of 2.5 mm (retro recon of 0.625) with software postprocesing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In our study, we have detaily analized 25 patients with clinically proved carcinoma of hypopharynx, of which 8 had the hardest form of tumor. Control group were patients to whom CT scan was done by standard protocol and CT time scan of 50 sec. With all 8 of them, scanned by protocol of delay time of 150 sec, was proved a statistically important validity of interpretation and demarcation of tumors. CONCLUSION: Delay time on CT scanning is proved to be efficient protocol for visualization of neck soft tissues which includes the walls of hypopharynx.

[Solving of complications arising during and after application self-expandible metallic stents in palliation of malignant dysphagia].

INTRODUCTION: During palliative treatment of malignant disphagia in inoperabile patients various and serious complications may occur and compromite the method of treatment if there were not solved. AIM: Goal is to present the most frequent complications due to esophageal stenting and the way of their solving. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From 1996. to 2009. in 237 patients (164 esophageal carcinoma, 33 carcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, 14 bronchial carcinoma, 7 esophagojejunal anastomosis, 9 esophageal fistulas) 245 stents have been placed (54 uncovered and 191 covered). Mean survival period was 14.7 months (ranged from 1 do 33 months). Esophageal perforation (1), stent migration (9), malignant tissue ingrowth (31) and overgrowth (24) have been revealed by barium contrast study during follow up. Perforation was solved by placing covered stent, migration by removing migrated stent endoscopically or surgically, ingrowth and overgrowth by balon dilating or restenting under the fluoroscopically guidance and control. CONCLUSION: One can expect and recognize complications regarding esophageal stenting because it is the only way for their sucsessfull treatment.

[X-ray and CT presentation of advanced gastric carcinomas of different locations].

We presented the X-ray and CT findings characteristic for gastric cancers of different localizations (localized in different parts of the stomach). Particularly, esophagogastric junction (EGJ) carcinomas and antral carcinomas are singled out, as two localizations of gastric cancer that we usually meet in everyday clinical and radiological practice, and which have completely different radiological presentation. Advanced carcinomas of esophago-gastric junction, whose incidence is on the rise, usually affect the distal segment of the esophagus, cardia, and proximal part of the stomach, in different proportions. Siewert's, and the Japanese classification of these tumors are listed. Due to the involvement of the distal esophagus, scanning region, besides the abdomen, should be expanded to the chest. Advanced cancer of the antral part of the stomach is presented by the X-ray as a fungating, infiltrative, or combined form, often capturing the entire wall circumference. Possible infiltration of the left liver, the body and neck of the pancreas, colon and anterior abdominal wall should be estimated by CT.

[The future of transcatheter antitumor therapy].

Transcatheter antitumor therapy very quickly accepted during the last decade and their importance in the treatment of oncology patients will be increasing. By improvement of new targeted agents, which can be given intraarterial or systemic, efficiency of transcatheteric therapeutic approaches can be drastically increased. Numerous clinical trials (study phase I / II / III) relating to the synergy of two antitumor therapeutic approaches are already in progress. Preliminary results of these trials are already very encouraging. Further improvement in the development of specific therapeutics antitumor drugs and systemic applications will be a big step in the quest for medication against malignant tumors.