Topographic comparative study of paranasal sinuses in adult horses by computed tomography, sinuscopy, and sectional anatomy.

Clinical and radiographic investigations of paranasal sinuses in horses are difficult due to the complex anatomy of these regions, the lack of patognomonic symptoms, and the low sensitivity of conventional diagnostic techniques. The aim of this study was to produce an anatomical atlas to support computed tomography (CT) and sinuscopy of the paranasal sinuses of the adult horse. Transverse, sagittal, and dorsal CT images were acquired, and sinuscopy with both rigid and flexible endoscopes was performed. The heads were frozen and sectioned using a band saw, with the cuts aligned as close as possible with the CT transverse slices. Each CT image was compared with its corresponding anatomical section and sinuscopy image to assist in the accurate identification of specific structures.

Tenoscopy of the navicular bursa: a new therapeutic approach for horses affected by "palmar pain syndrome." Endoscopic technique review and personal experiences.

Tenoscopy of the navicular bursa has been recently introduced as a diagnostic and therapeutic treatment in cases of palmar foot pain syndrome. A deep digital flexor tendon transthecal approach was suggested in 1999, and the endoscopic technique has been reviewed. Smith and coworkers have recently reported good and promising results. An anatomic cadaver limb study was performed, and the endoscopic technique was evaluated. Subsequently, a 14-year-old Argentine mare, affected by palmar foot pain syndrome, was treated. Clinical data, MRI and endoscopic findings, and a 6-month follow-up evaluation are reported.

Administration of type A botulinum toxin after total hip replacement.

Pain after hip replacement is one of the most common problems during rehabilitation and is often the main obstacle in rehabilitation, even though it can often be controlled by localized cryotherapy and/or administration of analgesics. However, patients with positive anamnesis for hip arthritis and long-lasting pain may report persistence of symptoms for months after surgical intervention; often, in these patients, contractures and muscle retraction in the pelvic region are observed. The present study reports the case of a female patient who suffered from complications after total hip replacement (THR) for osteoarthritis. Due to severe pain in the gluteal region not responding to standard treatments the patient was unable to stand in an upright position or walk, so she was forced to stop the rehabilitation program. Treatment by injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the gluteus maximus muscle brought about the complete resolution of pain and functional recovery. The follow-up visits, carried out after 6 and 16 months, confirmed the complete healing of the patient. BTX-A has been shown to be effective in the treatment of painful localized contractures even in the absence of neurological lesions. Therefore, BTX-A could be a feasible option to treat painful localized contractures that do not respond to standard treatments. Further investigations are suggested to better identify appropriate dosages and the best inoculation schedule.