Adenocarcinoma de próstata gigante con células en anillo de sello / Giant prostatic carcinoma with signet ring cells

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Autotrophic carbon fixation pathways along the redox gradient in oxygen-depleted oceanic waters.

Anoxic marine zones (AMZs), also known as 'oxygen-deficient zones', contribute to the loss of fixed nitrogen from the ocean by anaerobic microbial processes. While these microbial processes associated with the nitrogen cycle have been extensively studied, those linked to the carbon cycle in AMZs have received much less attention, particularly the autotrophic carbon fixation - a crucial component of the carbon cycle. Using metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data from major AMZs, we report an explicit partitioning of the marker genes associated with different autotrophic carbon fixation pathways along the redox gradient (from oxic to anoxic conditions) present in the water column of AMZs. Sequences related to the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle were found along the entire gradient, while those related to the reductive Acetyl-CoA pathway were restricted to suboxic and anoxic waters. Sequences putatively associated with the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle dominated in the upper and lower oxyclines. Genes related to the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle were represented from dysoxic to anoxic waters. The taxonomic affiliation of the sequences is consistent with the presence of microorganisms involved in crucial steps of biogeochemical cycles in AMZs, such as the gamma-proteobacteria sulfur oxidisers, the anammox bacteria Candidatus Scalindua and the thaumarcheota ammonia oxidisers of the Marine Group I.

Toxicity and Alkaloid Profiling of the Skin of the Golfo Dulcean Poison Frog Phyllobates vittatus (Dendrobatidae).

Frogs in the genus Phyllobates are known for the presence of batrachotoxin, a highly toxic alkaloid, in their skin. Nevertheless, Phyllobates frogs from Costa Rica and Panama (P. lugubris and P. vittatus) are considered non-toxic, as they have been reported to harbor low concentrations of this alkaloid. However, the potential toxicity of Central American Phyllobates has not been assessed experimentally. Our goal was to determine the toxicity of the whole skin of P. vittatus, an endemic species from the Southeastern Pacific region of Costa Rica. We performed median lethal dose (LD50) tests in mice to determine general toxicity, and an irritant assay based on the behavioral responses of mice to subcutaneous injection, to determine differences in irritability, as a measure of toxicity, among three study localities. Using UPLC-ESI-QTOF, we obtained chemical profiles of the methanolic extract of frog skins. Due to the absence of mortality at the studied doses, we were unable to estimate LD50. However, we recorded a list of toxicity symptoms in mice that are consistent with cardiotoxic effects, and found that mice presented more symptoms at higher concentrations of skin extracts during the first hour of the LD50 assays, recovering completely at all doses by the end of the assay. On the other hand, we did not detect differences in irritability among studied localities. Additionally, we putatively identified three toxic alkaloids (Batrachotoxinin A, DHQ 251A and Lehm 275A). This study provides the first experimental data on the toxicity and associated symptoms in mice, as well as the chemical profile of the skin of P. vittatus. We suggest that the skin alkaloids of P. vitattus may confer a chemical defense towards predators.

Uropatía obstructiva bilateral y microvejiga post-radioterapia / Bilateral obstructive uropathy and micro-bladder after

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Skin metastasis of prostate cancer. An unusual entity. / Metástasis cutánea del cáncer de próstata. Una entidad inusual.

Male, 64 year old male, whoconsults to the Dermatology office presentingtwo-month, progressive, skin lesions in thepubic region...

Varón de 64 años que acudea la consulta de Dermatología por lesionescutáneas en la región púbica, de dosmeses de evolución y presentación progresiva...

Metástasis cutánea del cáncer de próstata Una entidad inusual / Skin metastasis of prostate cancer. An unusual entity

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Liposarcoma de cordón espermático. A propósito de dos casos clínicos y revision de la literatura / Spermatic cord liposarcoma. Report of two cases and bibliographic review

OBJETIVO: Presentar dos casos de pacientes diagnosticados de liposarcoma paratesticular. Realizamos una revisión de la literatura de esta infrecuente entidad, con el fin de aclarar las características clínicas y terapéuticas. MÉTODOS: Revisión retrospectiva de la historia clínica de dos pacientes diagnosticados de liposarcoma del cordón espermático. Se revisó la epidemiología, diagnóstico, alternativas terapéuticas y el pronóstico. RESULTADOS: Caso 1: Varón de 65 años. Valorado por masa escrotal izquierda de gran tamaño 20 X 14 X 11 cm. Se le realiza una orquiectomía radical, siendo el resultado de la pieza un liposarcoma de cordón espermático bien diferenciado. Al año de seguimiento el paciente se encuentra asintomático y no se objetiva recidiva local. Caso 2: Varón de 90 años con antecedente de orquiectomía derecha por liposarcoma de cordón bien diferenciado hace 11 años, y excéresis de recidiva hace 7 años. En el seguimiento presenta una nueva recidiva tumoral a nivel inguinal, de 20 X 14 X 11 cm. Se realiza una exéresis de la masa la cual se informa como liposarcoma de cordón espermático bien diferenciado. A los 10 meses, tras la cirugía, el paciente se encuentra asintomático y sin recidiva. CONCLUSIONES: El liposarcoma es un tumor muy infrecuente y su diagnóstico se realiza anatomopatológicamente, lo que dificulta establecer pautas de tratamiento, pronóstico y diagnóstico diferencial. Al igual que en los liposarcomas de otras localizaciones es de valor pronóstico el tipo y grado histológico del tumor. La orquiectomía radical inguinal y la resección del tumor con márgenes microscópicos negativos es el tratamiento recomendado. No se ha demostrado la eficacia de tratamientos adyuvantes como la quimioterapia o radioterapia, salvo en situaciones concretas. La historia natural de la enfermedad es lenta y con escasa mortalidad, pero con una alta tasa de recidiva, por lo que un seguimiento a largo plazo es necesario

OBJECTIVE: We report two cases of patients diagnosed of paratesticular liposarcoma and perform a literature review of this rare entity. Our aim is to clarify its clinical and therapeutic characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of two patients diagnosed of liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. RESULTS: Case 1: 65 year old male, presented a left large scrotal mass of 20 X 14 X 11 cm. He underwent radical orchiectomy. Pathology reported a well differentiated spermatic cord liposarcoma. After one year of follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and there was no evidence of local recurrence. Case 2: A 90 year old man, with past medical history of right orchiectomy for well-differentiated cord liposarcoma 11 years before, and excision of recurrence 7 years ago. On follow up he presented a new 20 X 14 X 11 cm inguinal tumor recurrence. We performed excision of the mass, which was reported by pathology as well differentiated spermatic cord liposarcoma. Ten months after surgery the patient was asymptomatic without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Liposarcoma is a very rare entity and its diagnosis is based on the pathological findings. It is therefore difficult to establish the guidelines for treatment, prognosis and differential diagnosis. As in liposarcomas in other sites, the histological type and grade of the lesion are useful for the prognosis. Radical inguinal archiectomy and resection of the tumor with a negative microscopic margin is the recommended treatment for liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. It has not been demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, except in specific situations. The natural history of disease is slow and it has low mortality, but high recurrence rate, so a long-term monitoring is necessary

[Spermatic cord liposarcoma. Report of two cases and bibliographic review.] / Liposarcoma de cordón espermático. A propósito de dos casos clínicos y revision de la literatura.

OBJECTIVE: We report two cases of patients diagnosed of paratesticular liposarcoma and perform a literature review of this rare entity. Our aim is to clarify its clinical and therapeutic characteristics. METHODS: Retrospective review of the medical records of two patients diagnosed of liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. RESULTS: Case 1: 65 year old male, presented a left large scrotal mass of 20 × 14 × 11 cm. He underwent radical orchiectomy. Pathology reported a well differentiated spermatic cord liposarcoma. After one year of follow-up the patient was asymptomatic and there was no evidence of local recurrence. Case 2: A 90 year old man, with past medical history of right orchiectomy for well-differentiated cord liposarcoma 11 years before, and excision of recurrence 7 years ago. On follow up he presented a new 20 × 14 × 11 cm inguinal tumor recurrence. We performed excision of the mass, which was reported by pathology as well differentiated spermatic cord liposarcoma. Ten months after surgery the patient was asymptomatic without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Liposarcoma is a very rare entity and its diagnosis is based on the pathological findings. It is therefore difficult to establish the guidelines for treatment, prognosis and differential diagnosis. As in liposarcomas in other sites, the histological type and grade of the lesion are useful for the prognosis. Radical inguinal orchiectomy and resection of the tumor with a negative microscopic margin is the recommended treatment for liposarcoma of the spermatic cord. It has not been demonstrated the efficacy of adjuvant treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy, except in specific situations. The natural history of disease is slow and it has low mortality, but high recurrence rate, so a long-term monitoring is necessary.

Tumor carcinoide pulmonar típico / Typical lung carcinoid tumor

Mujer de 42 años de edad, con tres años de enfermedad caracterizada por episodios de tos productiva, fiebre y disnea, tratada con antibióticos por infecciones bronquiales recurrentes que coincidían con episodios de rubor facial, diarreas acuosas, de una a dos veces por mes, de carácter autolimitado. Presentó episodios de hemoptisis leve. Pese a tener frotis negativo para M. tuberculosis, recibió tratamiento por supuesta tuberculosis pleural, en un centro de salud, sin mejoría clínica, por lo que fue hospitalizada. La radiografía de tórax mostró atelectasia del lóbulo medio e inferior derecho. La tomografía evidenció neoproliferación hilio-basal derecha con marcada captación de medio de contraste, linfonodos metastásicos en hilio y mediastino derecho, incluidos los del grupo subcarinal, con atelectasia crónica en lóbulo medio con bronquiectasias cilíndricas. En la primera broncoscopias, en el bronquio intermediario derecho, se observó unalesión polipoide avascularizada, redondeada, cubierta por membrana blanquecina que ocluía el 100% de la luz, muy friable, que sangraba al roce del cepillo. El Papanicolaou del aspirado bronquial reveló citología sugestiva de neoplasia maligna. En la segunda broncoscopia con biopsia, se demostró tumor carcinoide típico, con inmunohistoquímica positiva para panqueratina y cromogranina.

A 42 year-old female with 3-year disease characterized by episodes of productive cough, fever and dyspnea. She was treated with antibiotics for recurrent respiratory infections, coincident with episodes of facial flushing and watery and self-limited diarrhea which occurred 1-2 times monthly. She had mild bouts of hemoptysis. Despite negative smears for M. tuberculosis, she received 4-drug treatment for pleural tuberculosis, in a primary health center, without clinical improvement, so she was hospitalized. X-ray chest film showed atelectasis of right middle and lower lobe. Computed tomography showed right hilum neoproliferation with marked uptake of contrast, hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastasis including subcarinal group, with middle lobe atelectasis and chronic cylindrical bronchiectasis. A first bronchoscopy revealed, in the right intermediate bronchus, an avascularizaded, polypoid lesion, rounded, covered with a white membrane occluding 100% of bronchus lumen, very friable and bleeding to the brush touch, whose Papanicolaou smear revealed a cytology suggestive of malignancy. The second bronchoscopy and biopsy showed a typical carcinoid tumor with positive immunohistochemistry for panqueratine and chromogranin.

Eosinophilic ureteritis. Report of a case.

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a patient with eosinophilic ureteritis. METHODS: The patient was admitted with pain on the right renal fossa, and after several imaging tests, a mass was found on the right ureter, compatible with urothelial neoplasia on the right ureter. RESULTS: Right nephroureterectomy was performed and the histopathological diagnosis was eosinophilic ureteritis CONCLUSION: Eosinophilic ureteritis is a rare entity with an unclear etiology,which is not easily distinguished from urothelial tumours. In the differential diagnosis we must take it into account whenever we find a ureteral mass associated to eosinophilia.

Ureteritis eosinofílica. A propósito de un caso / Eosinophilic ureteritis. Report of a case

OBJETIVO: Presentamos el caso de una paciente con Ureteritis eosinofílica. MÉTODO: Paciente en estudio por dolor en fosa renal derecha al que se le realizan múltiples pruebas de imagen donde se identifica masa en uréter derecho compatible con neoplasia urotelial de uréter derecho. RESULTADOS: Se realiza Nefroureterectomia derecha y se diagnostica histopatológicamente de Ureteritis eosinofílica. CONCLUSIÓN: La ureteritis eosinofílica es una rara entidad de difícil distinción frente a los tumores uroteliales, de no clara etiología. Deberemos tenerla en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial cuando encontremos una masa ureteral asociada a eosinofilia (AU)

OBJECTIVE: We present the case of a patient with eosinophilic ureteritis. METHODS: The patient was admitted with pain on the right renal fossa, and after several imaging tests, a mass was found on the right ureter, compatible with urothelial neoplasia on the right ureter. RESULTS: Right nephroureterectomy was performed and the histopathologicaldiagnosis was eosinophilic ureteritis. CONCLUSION: Eosinophilic ureteritis is a rare entity with an unclear etiology, which is not easily distinguished from urothelial tumours. In the differential diagnosis we must take it into accountwhenever we find a ureteral mass associated to eosinophilia (AU)

Termómetro intravesical / Intravesical Thermometer

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