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1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(23)2023 Nov 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38063591

RESUMEN

Spinal manipulation (SM) is a common manual therapy technique; however, there is limited knowledge regarding the coordination of hand and foot forces during SM. This study investigated the biomechanics of force transmission and generation in the hands and feet of a single therapist who performed pelvic SM on 45 healthy subjects. Two force plates were used to measure the ground reaction forces (GRF) from the feet, and one controller was used to measure the contact hand forces (CHF). The results showed that foot force preceded hand force and that the foot and hand exhibited opposing patterns of force variation. The CHF peak was positively correlated with the CH preload maximum and minimum forces and negatively correlated with the GRF run-down. These findings suggested that the therapist used a coordinated strategy of avoiding weight support with the feet and supporting the weight with the hands to amplify the thrust force. This study provides new insights into the biomechanics of SM and has implications for teaching, motor learning, and safety.

2.
PLoS One ; 18(11): e0294121, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37939068

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of the corneal epithelial thickness (ET) profile induced by combined small incision lenticule extraction and accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking (SMILE-xtra) for myopia compared with the standard small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). SETTING: Nuri Eye Hospital, 61, Dunsan-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35233, Korea. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Thirty-one myopic eye undergoing SMILE-xtra and control group of 36 myopic eyes undergoing SMILE were retrospectively analyzed. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (CIRRUS™ HD-OCT 5000, ZEISS, Dublin, CA) was used to measure corneal ET of 17 zones within the central 7-mm zone at preoperative, postoperative 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Postoperative ET alterations were analyzed for correlation with treatment parameters. RESULTS: There was no difference in preoperative mean age, postoperative MRSE, visual acuity, and ablation depth between the two groups, and there was a significant difference in preoperative central corneal thickness. Both groups showed the greatest increase in corneal ET in the paracentral area on the inferotemporal area, respectively, for 6 months. The preoperative MRSE and the ablation depth showed significant correlation with the postoperative epithelial thickening in mid-peripheral sectors in both groups, and significant negative correlations in paracentral sectors only in SMILE-xtra group. CONCLUSIONS: It is significant as the first study to compare corneal epithelial remodeling between SMILE and SMILE with accelerated corneal collagen crosslinking. The SMILE-xtra with the relatively large corneal ablation did not show a significant difference in the pattern of corneal epithelial remodeling compared to the SMILE group.


Asunto(s)
Miopía , Herida Quirúrgica , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Transversales , Córnea/cirugía , Miopía/cirugía , Colágeno
3.
Med Sci Monit ; 29: e941043, 2023 Nov 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37915140

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND Biomechanical dynamic tape supports muscles, joints, and ligaments and is used in ankle and foot injuries. Kinesiology tape (KT), also known as elastic tape, is widely used in sports medicine. Plantar fasciitis, due to inflammation of the plantar fascia, is a common cause of heel pain. This study aimed to compare the effects of dynamic taping and KT on pain, function, and balance in 3 groups of patients with plantar fasciitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-nine patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to the dynamic taping with physical therapy (PT) group, the KT with PT group, and the control group (23 each). All groups received conservative physical therapy. Dynamic taping and KT were performed twice a week for 4 weeks, and the taping was removed after 12 h of application. Patients' pain, foot function, and balance were assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS), foot function index (FFI), and Y-balance test (YBT), respectively, before and immediately after the intervention. RESULTS In the FFI and YBT, the treatment provided to the dynamic taping with PT group with PT showed a greater effect than in the KT with PT group with PT (P<0.05), and the control group showed the lowest effect. Dynamic taping and KT with PT did not show significant differences in VAS and foot pressure, but both were more effective than the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that dynamic taping with PT is the most effective method for FFI and YBT in patients with plantar fasciitis, and that dynamic taping and KT with PT are effective methods for treating pain and foot pressure.


Asunto(s)
Fascitis Plantar , Humanos , Fascitis Plantar/terapia , Dolor/rehabilitación , Extremidad Inferior , Manejo del Dolor , Tobillo
4.
Bioengineering (Basel) ; 10(11)2023 Nov 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38002459

RESUMEN

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Screening Corneal Objective Risk of Ectasia (SCORE) Analyzer software using ANTERION, a swept-source optical coherence tomography device, for keratoconus diagnosis in an Asian population. A total of 151 eyes of 151 patients were included in this retrospective study as follows: 60, 45, and 46 keratoconus, keratoconus suspects, and normal control eyes, respectively. Parameters in the SCORE calculation, including six indices, were compared for the three groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and cut-off value were estimated to assess the diagnostic ability to differentiate keratoconus and keratoconus suspect eyes from the normal group. The SCORE value and six indices were significantly correlated-"AntK max" (R = 0.864), "AntK oppoK" (R = 0.866), "Ant inf supK" (R = 0.943), "Ant irre 3mm" (R = 0.741), "post elevation at the thinnest point" (R = 0.943), and "minimum corneal thickness" (R = -0.750). The SCORE value showed high explanatory power (98.1%), sensitivity of 81.9%, and specificity of 78.3% (cut-off value: 0.25) in diagnosing normal eyes from the keratoconus suspect and keratoconus eyes. The SCORE Analyzer was found to be valid and consistent, showing good sensitivity and specificity for keratoconus detection in an Asian population.

5.
Nanotechnology ; 34(40)2023 Jul 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37399798

RESUMEN

Highly purified and solution-processed semiconducting carbon nanotubes (s-CNTs) have developed rapidly over the past several decades and are near-commercially available materials that can replace silicon due to its large-area substrate deposition and room-temperature processing compatibility. However, the more s-CNTs are purified, the better their electrical performance, but considerable effort and long centrifugation time are required, which can limit commercialization due to high manufacturing costs. In this work, we therefore fabricated 'striped' CNT network transistor across industry-standard 8 inch wafers. The stripe-structured channel is effective in lowering the manufacturing cost because it can maintain good device performance without requiring high-purity s-CNTs. We evaluated the electrical performances and their uniformity by demonstrating striped CNT network transistors fabricating from various s-CNT solutions (e.g. 99%, 95%, and 90%) in 8 inch wafers. From our results, we concluded that by optimizing the CNT network configurations, CNTs can be sufficiently utilized for commercialization technology even at low semiconducting purity. Our approach can serve as a critical foundation for future low-cost commercial CNT electronics.

6.
Adv Mater ; 35(38): e2301782, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37212503

RESUMEN

Neural recording systems have significantly progressed to provide an advanced understanding and treatment for neurological diseases. Flexible transistor-based active neural probes exhibit great potential in electrophysiology applications due to their intrinsic amplification capability and tissue-compliant nature. However, most current active neural probes exhibit bulky back-end connectivity since the output is current, and the development of an integrated circuit for voltage output is crucial for near-sensor signal processing at the abiotic/biotic interface. Here, inkjet-printed organic voltage amplifiers are presented by monolithically integrating organic electrochemical transistors and thin-film polymer resistors on a single, highly flexible substrate for in vivo brain activity recording. Additive inkjet printing enables the seamless integration of multiple active and passive components on the somatosensory cortex, leading to significant noise reduction over the externally connected typical configuration. It also facilitates fine-tuning of the voltage amplification and frequency properties. The organic voltage amplifiers are validated as electrocorticography devices in a rat in vivo model, showing their ability to record local field potentials in an experimental model of spontaneous and epileptiform activity. These results bring organic active neural probes to the forefront in applications where efficient sensory data processing is performed at sensor endpoints.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Electrocorticografía , Ratas , Animales , Encéfalo/fisiología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador , Electrodos Implantados , Diseño de Equipo
7.
Cell ; 186(12): 2593-2609.e18, 2023 06 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37209683

RESUMEN

Here, we describe an approach to correct the genetic defect in fragile X syndrome (FXS) via recruitment of endogenous repair mechanisms. A leading cause of autism spectrum disorders, FXS results from epigenetic silencing of FMR1 due to a congenital trinucleotide (CGG) repeat expansion. By investigating conditions favorable to FMR1 reactivation, we find MEK and BRAF inhibitors that induce a strong repeat contraction and full FMR1 reactivation in cellular models. We trace the mechanism to DNA demethylation and site-specific R-loops, which are necessary and sufficient for repeat contraction. A positive feedback cycle comprising demethylation, de novo FMR1 transcription, and R-loop formation results in the recruitment of endogenous DNA repair mechanisms that then drive excision of the long CGG repeat. Repeat contraction is specific to FMR1 and restores the production of FMRP protein. Our study therefore identifies a potential method of treating FXS in the future.


Asunto(s)
Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil , Expansión de Repetición de Trinucleótido , Humanos , Estructuras R-Loop , Metilación de ADN , Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/genética , Epigénesis Genética , Proteína de la Discapacidad Intelectual del Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/genética , Proteína de la Discapacidad Intelectual del Síndrome del Cromosoma X Frágil/metabolismo
8.
Biosens Bioelectron ; 222: 114958, 2023 Feb 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36502715

RESUMEN

Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) with an electrochemically functionalized sensing gate are promising platforms for wearable health-monitoring technologies because they are light, flexible, and cheap. Achieving both high sensitivity and low power is highly demanding for portable or wearable devices. In this work, we present flexible printed dual-gate (DG) organic TFTs operating in the subthreshold regime with ultralow power and high sensitivity. The subthreshold operation of the gate-modulated TFT-based sensors not only increases the sensitivity but also reduces the power consumption. The DG configuration has deeper depletion and stronger accumulation, thereby further making the subthreshold slope sharper. We integrate an enzymatic lactate-sensing extended-gate electrode into the printed DG TFT and achieve exceptionally high sensitivity (0.77) and ultralow static power consumption (10 nW). Our sensors are successfully demonstrated in physiological lactate monitoring with human saliva. The accuracy of the DG TFT sensing system is as good as that of a high-cost conventional assay. The developed platform can be readily extended to various materials and technologies for high performance wearable sensing applications.


Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Ácido Láctico , Humanos , Bioensayo , Electrodos , Saliva
9.
Adv Mater ; 35(4): e2204390, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36066995

RESUMEN

A direct transfer of a cell sheet from a culture surface to a target tissue is introduced. Commercially available, flexible parylene is used as the culture surface, and it is proposed that the UV-treated parylene offers adequate and intermediate levels of cell adhesiveness for both the stable cell attachment during culture and for the efficient cell transfer to a target surface. The versatility of this cell-transfer process is demonstrated with various cell types, including MRC-5, HDFn, HULEC-5a, MC3T3-E1, A549, C2C12 cells, and MDCK-II cells. The novel cell-sheet engineering is based on a mechanism of interfacial cell migration between two surfaces with different adhesion preferences. Monitoring of cytoskeletal dynamics and drug treatments during the cell-transfer process reveals that the interfacial cell migration occurs by utilizing the existing transmembrane proteins on the cell surface to bind to the targeted surface. The re-establishment and reversal of cell polarity after the transfer process are also identified. Its unique capabilities of 3D multilayer stacking, freeform design, and curved surface application are demonstrated. Finally, the therapeutic potential of the cell-sheet delivery system is demonstrated by applying it to cutaneous wound healing and skin-tissue regeneration in mice models.


Asunto(s)
Tatuaje , Animales , Ratones , Polímeros , Xilenos , Movimiento Celular , Ingeniería de Tejidos
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 119(51): e2203711119, 2022 12 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36512497

RESUMEN

The selenium-binding protein 1 (SELENBP1) has been reported to be up-regulated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of schizophrenia patients in postmortem reports. However, no causative link between SELENBP1 and schizophrenia has yet been established. Here, we provide evidence linking the upregulation of SELENBP1 in the PFC of mice with the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We verified the levels of SELENBP1 transcripts in postmortem PFC brain tissues from patients with schizophrenia and matched healthy controls. We also generated transgenic mice expressing human SELENBP1 (hSELENBP1 Tg) and examined their neuropathological features, intrinsic firing properties of PFC 2/3-layer pyramidal neurons, and frontal cortex (FC) electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to auditory stimuli. Schizophrenia-like behaviors in hSELENBP1 Tg mice and mice expressing Selenbp1 in the FC were assessed. SELENBP1 transcript levels were higher in the brains of patients with schizophrenia than in those of matched healthy controls. The hSELENBP1 Tg mice displayed negative endophenotype behaviors, including heterotopias- and ectopias-like anatomical deformities in upper-layer cortical neurons and social withdrawal, deficits in nesting, and anhedonia-like behavior. Additionally, hSELENBP1 Tg mice exhibited reduced excitabilities of PFC 2/3-layer pyramidal neurons and abnormalities in EEG biomarkers observed in schizophrenia. Furthermore, mice overexpressing Selenbp1 in FC showed deficits in sociability. These results suggest that upregulation of SELENBP1 in the PFC causes asociality, a negative symptom of schizophrenia.


Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Animales , Ratones , Esquizofrenia/genética , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Corteza Prefrontal/metabolismo , Células Piramidales/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Ratones Transgénicos , Proteínas de Unión al Selenio/genética , Proteínas de Unión al Selenio/metabolismo
11.
Med Sci Monit ; 28: e938926, 2022 Dec 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36573031

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiotherapy to correct rounded shoulder posture (RSP) in 30 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea using telerehabilitation exercise programs to improve posture and physical function and reduce pain, with evaluation of patient satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty participants with RSP participated in this study for 4 weeks from May to June 2021. Participants were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, n=15) or control group (CG, n=15). Both groups performed shrug exercise 3 days a week for 4 weeks, while the EG performed self-upper-extremity neural mobilization (SUENM) for 7 more minutes. The pectoralis minor length index for posture, neck range of motion (ROM) and scapular muscle activity for physical function, pressure pain threshold (PPT) for pain, and questionnaires for telerehabilitation satisfaction were assessed. All exercises were conducted at home using videoconferencing. RESULTS The EG significantly improved PPT and ROM of extension and right-side bending of the neck compared to the CG (P<0.05) and it significantly reduced the muscle activity of the upper trapezius at 60°, 90°, and 120° shoulder flexion compared to the CG (P<0.05). In the satisfaction survey, participants cited the freedom of time and space as an advantage of telerehabilitation (100%) and reported difficulty in performing correct action as a disadvantage (69.2%). CONCLUSIONS These findings support those from recent studies on real-time telerehabilitation physiotherapy exercise programs. However, long-term controlled studies are required to develop evidence-based protocols for implementing and evaluating clinical outcomes of remote physiotherapy programs.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Telerrehabilitación , Humanos , Hombro/fisiología , Satisfacción del Paciente , Telerrehabilitación/métodos , Pandemias , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Dolor , Postura
12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35742387

RESUMEN

The development of nanotechnology has increased concerns about the exposure of ecosystems to manufactured nanomaterials, the toxicities of which are now being researched. However, when manufactured nanomaterials are mixed with algae in a culture medium for ecotoxicity tests, the results are vulnerable to distortion by an agglomeration phenomenon. Here, we describe a dispersion method commonly applicable to ecotoxicity tests for the 14 types of manufactured nanomaterials specified by the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development's Sponsorship Programme, namely aluminum oxide (Al2O3), carbon black, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), cerium oxide (CeO2), dendrimers, fullerene, gold (Au), iron (Fe), nanoclays, silver (Ag), silicon dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), and zinc oxide (ZnO). The type of dispersant, sonication time, and stirring speed were carefully considered. Consequently, 1500 mg/L of gum arabic was selected as a dispersant; for sonication time, 1 h was selected for dendrimers, 2 h for SiO2, 24 h for SWCNTs and Au, and 4 h for the other nanomaterials. Dispersion stability was achieved for all materials at a stirring speed of 200 rpm. To verify the effect of this dispersion method on ecotoxicity tests, toxicity was measured through cell counts for SWCNTs and TiO2 using Raphidocelis subcapitata. The half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50) were 18.0 ± 4.6 mg/L for SWCNTs and 316.6 ± 64.7 mg/L for TiO2.


Asunto(s)
Dendrímeros , Nanoestructuras , Nanotubos de Carbono , Ecosistema , Nanoestructuras/toxicidad , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidad , Dióxido de Silicio/toxicidad
13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35627388

RESUMEN

With the increasing use of nanomaterials in recent years, determining their comparative toxicities has become a subject of intense research interest. However, the variety of test methods available for each material makes it difficult to compare toxicities. Here, an accurate and reliable method is developed to evaluate the toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials, such as Al2O3, carbon black, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), CeO2, dendrimers, fullerene, gold, iron, nanoclays, silver, SiO2, TiO2, and ZnO. A series of 72 h chronic and 8 h acute toxicity tests was performed using cell counting, chlorophyll, and delayed fluorescence methods. Comparable toxicities using the chlorophyll and delayed fluorescence methods were impossible to determine because the EC50 of some of the nanomaterials could not be measured. All three test methods were successfully applied to the chronic toxicity tests of manufactured nanomaterials, and cell counting was the only method applicable to acute toxicity tests. The toxicity data and the proposal of measurement method for manufactured nanomaterials obtained in this study can be helpful for preparing exposure standards and investigating the toxicities of other nanomaterials in the future.


Asunto(s)
Nanoestructuras , Nanotubos de Carbono , Clorofila , Comercio , Nanoestructuras/toxicidad , Nanotubos de Carbono/toxicidad , Dióxido de Silicio
14.
Med Sci Monit ; 28: e935771, 2022 Mar 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35344535

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND A floss band is used in resistance training and consists of a heavy-duty rubber resistance band to compress a joint or muscle group while performing a range of motion. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training combines low-intensity exercise with occlusion of blood flow, resulting in the effects of high-intensity training. This study aimed to identify the optimum forearm floss band intensity in 29 young adults while performing BFR training. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-nine young and healthy adults voluntarily participated in this experiment. One of 4 types of floss bands with different intensities was randomly selected from the subjects and wound around their forearms. The tension of the floss band was calculated to be the length of the participant's forearm when stretched by 105%, and then wound around the forearm. Blood flow was measured 4 times at regular intervals (pretest: 1 min, during: 2 min, posttest [1]: 1 min, posttest [2]: 2 min) using laser Doppler imaging. RESULTS We found that the application of floss bands resulted in a significant interaction between the intensity (colors) and time (pre/during/post) with regard to the hemodynamic changes (P<0.05). The hemodynamic evaluation revealed a reduction in the blood flow (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study shows that the use of blood flow restriction training requires support from guidelines for optimal floss band intensity, particularly with the increasing clinical use of this method.


Asunto(s)
Antebrazo , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Terapia de Restricción del Flujo Sanguíneo , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Adulto Joven
15.
Nanotechnology ; 33(24)2022 Mar 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35259734

RESUMEN

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one-dimensional materials that have been proposed to replace silicon semiconductors and have been actively studied due to their high carrier mobility, high current density, and high mechanical flexibility. Specifically, highly purified, pre-separated, and solution-processed semiconducting CNTs are suitable for mass production. These CNTs have advantages, such as room-temperature processing compatibility, while enabling a fast and straightforward manufacturing process. In this paper, CNT network transistors were fabricated on a total of five 8 inch wafers by reusing a highly purified and pre-separated 99% semiconductor-enriched CNT solution. The results confirmed that the density of semiconducting CNTs deposited on the five selected wafers was notably uniform, even though the CNT solution was reused up to four times after the initial CNT deposition. Moreover, there was no significant degradation in the key CNT network transistor metrics. Therefore, we believe that our findings regarding this CNT reuse method may provide additional guidance in the field of wafer-scale CNT electronics and may contribute strongly to the development of practical device applications at an ultralow cost.

16.
Psychiatry Investig ; 18(11): 1100-1108, 2021 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34732027

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to empirically determine if indirect exposure to client violence has significant negative effects on social workers' posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) the same way direct victimization does. METHODS: Using a sample of 1,359 social workers drawn from the data collected by the Seoul Association of Social Workers, this study employs descriptive statistics to examine the prevalence of indirect experiences with client violence, and utilizes a series of hierarchical regression analyses to demonstrate the potential impact of indirect exposure to client violence on PTSD. To assess the severity of PTSD symptoms in participants, the Korean version of the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R-K) was employed. RESULTS: A descriptive analysis shows that 12.4% of the sample indirectly experienced client violence by witnessing it or hearing about a violent incident, whereas 6.0% were directly victimized. Hierarchical regression analyses indicate that direct experience (B=4.548, p<0.05) and indirect experience (B=7.297, p<0.001) of client violence have a significant association with the scores on IES-R-K. An investigation of the interaction terms between experiences of client violence and violence-prevention training illustrates that such training significantly moderates the influence on the scores on IES-R-K from indirect exposure to client violence (B=-8.639, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Social workers who are indirectly exposed to client violence experience PTSD symptoms comparable to their colleagues who were directly victimized. Further, violence-prevention training has greater ameliorative effects with regard to indirect experience of client violence than for direct victimization.

17.
Langmuir ; 37(36): 10692-10701, 2021 Sep 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34468155

RESUMEN

Digital inkjet printing (IJP) can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and waste of flexible large-area electronics by adding micro-fine patterns onto plastic foils. Advanced system design using IJP has been limited by the lack of an electronic design automation (EDA) approach. An EDA approach based on a vector-based layout drawing requires parameterized IJP design rules. This study proposes a layout-to-bitmap (L2B) conversion procedure and line-based design rules that leverage the existing circuit layout EDA tools for advanced IJP designs. The L2B conversion is accomplished by optimizing the parameters of the horizontal and vertical lines by varying the drop spacings and platen temperatures. Next, the line-based layouts are converted to bitmap files which are used as IJP input data for printing multiple metal layers. This study systematically investigated the development of an IJP process employing Ag nanoparticles. The physical characteristics of the proposed process were evaluated based on theories concerning inkjet-printed bead formation. The design rules for fabricating printed thin-film transistor (TFT) circuits were documented. Documentation is the first step in creating an IJP process design kit for advanced electronics design. Using the optimized L2B conversion procedure and the design rules, a 10 × 10 array of printed organic TFTs was fabricated to demonstrate the reliability of the developed process. Additionally, the fabricated printed organic TFTs indicated that the proposed process could be extended to large-scale system designs.

18.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 5362, 2021 03 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33686180

RESUMEN

The primary purpose was to examine the relationship between the muscle architectural characteristics of short and long-distance cyclist-including muscle thickness, fascicle angle, and fascicle length-of the anterior thigh and posterior leg and its impact in 20-s cycling power. The secondary purpose was to clarify the muscle variables that predict the cycling power by using ultrasonography to measure the muscle architectural characteristics. Twenty-four varsity cyclists participated in this study, of whom 12 were short-distance cyclists and 12 were long-distance cyclists. B-mode ultrasonography was used to measure muscle architecture parameters. A cycle ergometer was used to measure the cycling power. The rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and medial head of gastrocnemius were significantly thicker in short-distance cyclists than in long-distance cyclists at every site (p < 0.05). Our analysis revealed that the rectus femoris fascicle length at the 30% level of the thigh was a significant independent predictor of the 20-s cycling power in short-distance cyclists, while the rectus femoris fascicle angle at the 50% level was that of the 20-s cycling power in long-distance cyclists. These findings highlight the significance of rectus femoris muscle architecture to cycling power.


Asunto(s)
Ciclismo/fisiología , Extremidad Inferior/fisiología , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Músculo Cuádriceps/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ultrasonografía
19.
Nanotechnology ; 32(16): 165202, 2021 Apr 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33302263

RESUMEN

Through time-dependent defect spectroscopy and low-frequency noise measurements, we investigate and characterize the differences of carrier trapping processes occurred by different interfaces (top/sidewall) of the gate-all-around silicon nanosheet field-effect transistor (GAA SiNS FET). In a GAA SiNS FET fabricated by the top-down process, the traps at the sidewall interface significantly affect the device performance as the width decreases. Compare to expectations, as the width of the device decreases, the subthreshold swing (SS) increases from 120 to 230 mV/dec, resulting in less gate controllability. In narrow-width devices, the effect of traps located at the sidewall interface is significantly dominant, and the 1/f 2 noise, also known as generation-recombination (G-R) noise, is clearly appeared with an increased time constant (τ i ). In addition, the probability density distributions for the normalized current fluctuations (ΔI D) show only one Gaussian in wide-width devices, whereas they are separated into four Gaussians with increased in narrow-width devices. Therefore, fitting is performed through the carrier number fluctuation-correlated with mobility fluctuations model that separately considered the effects of sidewall. In narrow-width GAA SiNS FETs, consequently, the extracted interface trap densities (N T ) distribution becomes more dominant, and the scattering parameter ([Formula: see text]) distribution increases by more than double.

20.
Sensors (Basel) ; 20(22)2020 Nov 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33228129

RESUMEN

In this study, composite devices were fabricated using ferromagnetic FeSiB-based alloys (Metglas) and ferroelectric ceramics, and their magnetic field sensitivity was evaluated. Sintered 0.95Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3-0.05Pb(Mn1/3Sb2/3)O3 (PZT-PMS) ceramic exhibited a very dense microstructure with a large piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g31 = -16.8 × 10-3 VmN-1) and mechanical quality factor (Qm > 1600). Owing to these excellent electromechanical properties of the PZT-PMS, the laminate composite with a Metglas/PZT-PMS/Metglas sandwich structure exhibited large magnetoelectric voltage coefficients (αME) in both off-resonance and resonance modes. When the length-to-width aspect ratio (l/w) of the composite was controlled, αME slightly varied in the off-resonance mode, resulting in similar sensitivity values ranging from 129.9 to 146.81 VT-1. Whereas in the resonance mode, the composite with small l/w exhibited a large reduction of αME and sensitivity values. When controlling the thickness of the PZT-PMS (t), the αME of the composite showed the largest value when t was the smallest in the off-resonance mode, while αME was the largest when t is the largest in the resonance mode. The control of t slightly affected the sensitivity in the off-resonance mode, however, higher sensitivity was obtained as t increased in the resonance mode. The results demonstrate that the sensitivity, varying with the dimensional control of the composite, is related to the mechanical loss of the sensor. The composite sensor with the PZT-PMS layer exhibited excellent magnetic field sensitivity of 1.49 × 105 VT-1 with a sub-nT sensing limit, indicating its potential for application in high-performance magnetoelectric sensor devices.

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