Impact of Bariatric Surgery on the Pharmacokinetics Parameters of Amoxicillin.

BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery leads to several anatomo-physiological modifications that may affect pharmacokinetic parameters and consequently alter the therapeutic effect of drugs, such as antibiotics. The pharmacokinetics of oral amoxicillin after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is unknown. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery on the pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin. METHODS: This study was performed as a randomized, open-label, single-dose clinical trial, with two periods of treatment, in which obese subjects (n = 8) received an amoxicillin 500 mg capsule orally before and 2 months after the RYGB surgery. The amoxicillin plasma concentration was determined by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS: After the surgery, the mean weight loss was 17.03 ± 5.51 kg, and mean body mass index (BMI) decreased from 46.21 ± 2.82 to 38.82 ± 3.32 kg/m2. The mean amoxicillin area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0-tlast) increased significantly (3.5-fold); the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased 2.8-fold after the bariatric surgery. No correlation was found between amoxicillin absorption, BMI, and weight loss percentage. CONCLUSION: The alterations observed in the amoxicillin pharmacokinetics suggest that obese subjects included in this trial had a substantially increase in amoxicillin systemic exposure after RYGB surgery. However, despite this increase, its exposure was lower than the values reported for non-obese volunteers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Identifiers: NCT03588273.

Obesity, Hypersomnolence, and Quality of Sleep: the Impact of Bariatric Surgery.

PURPOSE: Obesity is commonly associated with poor sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and depressive mood but the impact of bariatric surgery on these conditions is incompletely understood. This study aimed to investigate the course of EDS and sleep quality in bariatric surgery patients in relation with changes in body weight and depressive symptoms. METHODS: In patients consecutively submitted to bariatric surgery, baseline and postoperative sleep quality were evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), excessive daytime sleepiness by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), risk for OSA by the Berlin Questionnaire (BQ), and depressive symptoms by the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form (BDI). Comorbidities were assessed by interview and chart review. RESULTS: Sixty patients (M/F = 9/51) with a mean (±SD) age of 34.7 ± 9.2 years and body mass index (BMI) of 46.04 ± 7.52 kg/m2 were studied. Bariatric surgery improved PSQI score (6.4 ± 3.8 versus 4.1 ± 2.8; p < 0.001), ESS score (8.1 ± 4.7 versus 6.0 ± 3.3; p < 0.001), BDI score (9.8 ± 7.0 versus 4.7 ± 4.6; p = 0.001), and risk for OSA (68.3 versus 5%). Twelve of the 18 subjects with baseline EDS (ESS ≥ 10) developed normal ESS score after surgery. In these subjects, significant postoperative improvement in depressive symptoms score was observed (12.0 ± 9.0 versus 5.5 ± 5.0; p = 0.041), in contrast to the remaining six cases with persistent EDS, who showed no significant change in these symptoms (5.5 ± 5.0 versus 3.2 ± 3.1; p = 0.416). CONCLUSION: Bariatric surgery has a beneficial effect on sleep quality and EDS. Postoperative improvement in EDS can be related to a reduction in depressive symptoms.

Infecção de sítio cirúrgico: estudo prospectivo de 2.149 pacientes operados / Surgical site infections: prospective study of 2.149 surgical patients

A atual caracterização de infecção do sítio cirúrgico em incisional superficial, incisional profunda e órgão cavidade, em substituição à tradicional definição de "infecção de ferida operatória", associada a estratificação dos pacientes em grupos de risco de infecção cirúrgica de acordo com a metodologia NNISS (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System), permitiram a obtenção de taxas de infecção mais fidedignas e estudos comparativos entre instituições diferentes. Baseado nessa metodologia, o presente trabalho analisa prospectivamente 2.149 pacientes operados no Serviço de Cirurgia do Hospital Geral César Cals (HGCC)-CE, estratificados pelo IRIC (Índice de Risco de Infecção Cirúrgica) e comprova diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas taxas de infecção de sítio cirúrgico para os grupos de IRIC 0, 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente de 3,2 por cento, 7,4 por cento, 16,6 por cento e 20,9 por cento. As infecções de maior gravidade ocorrem em pacientes com IRIC 3 e a vigilância pós-alta é importante, na medida em que muitas infecções somente serão diagnosticadas após a alta hospitalar