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2.
3 Biotech ; 12(9): 179, 2022 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35865258

RESUMEN

The toxic effects of diesel fuel on whole plants have been reported before, but little is known about the toxic effect of diesel fuel on callus cultures. This knowledge is a pre-requisite for exploring the possibility of using a sub-lethal diesel concentration as an agent for in vitro cell line selection to obtain novel somaclonal variants resistant to diesel toxicity. These novel variants could be useful for the phytoremediation of diesel-contaminated soil. Here, a callus induction medium [Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.8 µM of naphthlene-1-acetic acid (NAA) and 6.6 µM of 6-benzyladenine (BA)] was found to induce 85% of Petunia grandiflora leaf explants to form light green calli. Since it was not possible to include diesel in aseptic culture, the P. grandiflora calli were exposed to diesel under non-aseptic conditions. It was found that the calli did not exhibit any sign of necrosis immediately after up to 9 min of diesel exposure. The diesel-treated calli were subsequently subcultured successfully on the callus induction medium using the proliferating, non-necrotic cells. Transverse sections of the control and diesel-treated calli after 2 weeks of culture revealed that the control calli exhibited more small meristematic cells while diesel-treated calli exhibited larger, empty-looking parenchyma cells. Moreover, it was possible to induce, though at a low frequency (< 15%), shoot formation in the control calli and those derived from the diesel treatment on the Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1.1 µM of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 13.3 µM of BA. Under glasshouse conditions, the shoots regenerated from the calli derived from the diesel treatment exhibited higher biomass than those from the control calli and P. grandiflora seedlings when grown in a potting mix spiked with 0%, 2% and 7% diesel. Taken together, these results suggest that up to 9 min of diesel exposure of P. grandiflora calli was sub-lethal.

3.
Plants (Basel) ; 11(2)2022 Jan 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35050072

RESUMEN

Microshoots have been widely used for micropropagation. It may be necessary to store microshoots for a short period of time, for example in germplasm exchange needing transport to other research groups. Here, we investigated the short-term storability of alginate-encapsulated Persian violet (Exacum affine Balf. f. ex Regel) microshoots at 4 °C and 25 °C. After storage, the encapsulated microshoots were sown on basal Murashige and Skoog medium for germination and viability determination using tetrazolium chloride staining. The results showed that one or five microshoots encapsulated with a single alginate layer could be stored at 4 °C for up to 30 days, while the percentages of germination and viability of the microshoots encapsulated with two layers of alginate were greatly reduced upon storage. This is the first report on the storability of alginate-encapsulated multiple microshoots, which could be a more efficient way to encapsulate microshoots used for short-term cold storage.

4.
Toxics ; 9(11)2021 Oct 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34822667

RESUMEN

The public is already aware that nitrate pollution caused by nutrient runoff from farms is harmful to aquatic life and human health, and there is an urgent need for a product/technology to solve this problem. A biochar adsorbent was synthesized and used to remove nitrate ions from aqueous media based on spent mushroom compost (SMC), pre-treated with iron (III) chloride hexahydrate and pyrolyzed at 600 °C. The surface properties and morphology of SMCB/Fe were investigated using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of main parameters such as the adsorbent dosages, pH of the solutions, contact times, and ion concentrations on the efficiency of nitrate removal was investigated. The validity of the experimental method was examined by the isothermal adsorption and kinetic adsorption models. The nitrate sorption kinetics were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model, with a higher determination coefficient (0.99) than the pseudo-first-order (0.86). The results showed that the maximum percentage of nitrate adsorption was achieved at equilibrium pH 5-7, after 120 min of contact time, and with an adsorbent dose of 2 g L-1. The highest nitrate adsorption capacity of the modified adsorbent was 19.88 mg g-1.

5.
Plant Physiol ; 186(2): 1254-1268, 2021 06 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33713137

RESUMEN

Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) stress can have serious effects on the growth and development of plants. Germin-like proteins (GLPs) may be involved in different abiotic and biotic stress responses in different plants, but little is known about the role of GLPs in UV-B stress response and acclimation in plants. In the present study, knockout of GLP 8-14 (OsGLP1) using the CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in mutant rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants (herein called glp1) that exhibited UV-B-dependent formation of lesion mimic in leaves. Moreover, glp1 grown under solar radiation (including UV-B) showed decreased plant height and increased leaf angle, but we observed no significant differences in phenotypes between wild-type (WT) plants and glp1 grown under artificial light lacking UV-B. Fv/Fm, Y (II) and the expression of many genes, based on RNA-seq analysis, related to photosynthesis were also only reduced in glp1, but not in WT, after transfer from a growth cabinet illuminated with artificial white light lacking UV-B to growth under natural sunlight. The genes-associated with flavonoid metabolism as well as UV resistance locus 8 (OsUVR8), phytochrome interacting factor-like 15-like (OsPIF3), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase subunit PDX1.2 (OsPDX1.2), deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase (OsPHR), and deoxyribodipyrimidine photolyase family protein-like (OsPHRL) exhibited lower expression levels, while higher expression levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 5-like (OsMPK3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 13-like (OsMPK13), and transcription factor MYB4-like (OsMYB4) were observed in glp1 than in WT after transfer from a growth cabinet illuminated with artificial white light to growth under natural sunlight. Therefore, mutations in OsGLP1 resulted in rice plants more sensitive to UV-B and reduced expression of some genes for UV-B protection, suggesting that OsGLP1 is involved in acclimation to UV-B radiation.


Asunto(s)
Aclimatación , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Oryza/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/genética , Luz , Oryza/fisiología , Oryza/efectos de la radiación , Fotosíntesis/efectos de la radiación , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/fisiología , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de la radiación , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Rayos Ultravioleta
6.
Plant Cell Rep ; 38(6): 731-739, 2019 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30903268

RESUMEN

KEY MESSAGE: OsIAAGLU could catalyze the reaction of IAA with glucose to generate IAA-glucose. Overexpression of OsIAAGLU in rice resulted in altered rice shoot architecture and root gravitropism. The distribution and levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) within plant tissues are well known to play vital roles in plant growth and development. An important mechanism of regulating free IAA levels in monocots is formation of IAA ester conjugates. In this study, a cytosol-localized protein encoded by the rice gene of indole-3-acetic acid glucosyltransferase (OsIAAGLU) was found to catalyze the reaction of free IAA with glucose to generate IAA-glucose. Expression of OsIAAGLU could be induced by IAA and NAA. The number of tillers and leaf angle was significantly increased with a concomitant decrease in plant height and panicle length in the transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsIAAGLU compared to the wild-type (WT) plants. Phenotypes of iaaglu mutants constructed using the CRISPR/Cas9 system had no obvious differences with WT plants. Furthermore, overexpression of OsIAAGLU resulted in reduced sensitivity to IAA/NAA and altered gravitropic response of the roots in the transgenic plants. Free IAA contents in the leaves, root tips, and lamina joint of OsIAAGLU-overexpressing transgenic lines were lower than those of WT plants. These results support that OsIAAGLU could play a regulatory role in IAA homeostasis and rice architecture.


Asunto(s)
Glucosa/química , Glucosa/farmacología , Ácidos Indolacéticos/química , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacología , Oryza/efectos de los fármacos , Oryza/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Oryza/genética , Hojas de la Planta/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/efectos de los fármacos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética
7.
Environ Monit Assess ; 190(7): 408, 2018 Jun 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29911298

RESUMEN

Tagetes patula (marigold) and Petunia grandiflora (petunia) have been shown to exhibit potential in phytoremediation of environmental pollutants including heavy metals and textile dyes. To investigate their phytoremediation potential of diesel, it was necessary to evaluate diesel phytotoxicity of these two ornamental plants. Marigold and petunia seeds were incubated, for 10 and 15 days, respectively, in deionised water contaminated with 0 to 4%, v/v, diesel in Petri dishes in a growth room with continuous lighting at 25 °C. It was found that as far as seed germination was concerned, petunia was less sensitive than marigold to 4% diesel in water. In contrast, petunia exhibited poorer seedling root growth than marigold in the presence of diesel contamination. This finding of differential sensitivity of these two ornamental plants to diesel-contaminated water during germination and seedling growth has not been reported before. Therefore, the implications of phytotoxicity evaluation and comparison between different species or genotypes of plants at both seed germination and postgermination seedling growth should both be taken into consideration in screening tolerant plants for phytoremediation.


Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente/métodos , Petunia/efectos de los fármacos , Tagetes/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Biodegradación Ambiental , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Metales Pesados/toxicidad , Plantas , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Contaminación del Agua
8.
PLoS One ; 12(10): e0185621, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28968406

RESUMEN

It is of interest to apply plant tissue culture to generate plants resistant to toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on plant growth. Callus cultures were initiated from leaf explants of micropropagated potato plantlets (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Iwa) for in vitro selection comprising 18 different Cd treatments varying in Cd exposure timing and duration. Plantlets regenerated from two different lines of Cd-selected calli, L9 and L11, were found to exhibit enhanced resistance to 218 µM Cd compared to control (source plantlets for leaf explants used to initiate callus cultures for Cd resistance). In response to 218 µM Cd, L11 plantlets had lower levels of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide than control and L9 plantlets. In addition, antioxidative enzyme activities in L11 were generally higher than control. L11 also had a higher level of proline than control.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cadmio/toxicidad , Solanum tuberosum/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Medios de Cultivo , Técnicas In Vitro , Peroxidación de Lípido , Solanum tuberosum/citología , Solanum tuberosum/fisiología
9.
Front Plant Sci ; 8: 1581, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28955367

RESUMEN

Iron (Fe) deficiency induces chlorosis (IDC) in plants and can result in reduced plant productivity. Therefore, development of Fe-efficient plants is of great interest. To gain a better understanding of the physiology of Fe-efficient plants, putative novel plant variants were regenerated from potato (Solanum tubersosum L. var. 'Iwa') callus cultures selected under Fe deficient or low Fe supply (0-5 µM Fe). Based on visual chlorosis rating (VCR), 23% of callus-derived regenerants were classified as Fe-efficient (EF) and 77% as Fe-inefficient (IFN) plant lines when they were grown under Fe deficiency conditions. Stem height was found to be highly correlated with internodal distance, leaf and root lengths in the EF plant lines grown under Fe deficiency conditions. In addition, compared to the IFN plant lines and control parental biotype, the EF plants including the lines named A1, B2, and B9, exhibited enhanced formation of lateral roots and root hairs as well as increased expression of ferritin (fer3) in the leaf and iron-regulated transporter (irt1) in the root. These morphological adaptations and changes in expression the fer3 and irt1 genes of the selected EF potato lines suggest that they are associated with resistance to low Fe supply stress.

10.
Phytochemistry ; 118: 216-23, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26347131

RESUMEN

The biochemical and enzymatic properties of four highly similar rice oxalate oxidase proteins (OsOxO1-4) were compared after their purification from the leaves of transgenic plants each overexpressing the respective OsOxO1-4 genes. Although alignment of their amino acid sequences has revealed divergence mainly in the signal peptides and they catalyze the same enzymic (oxalate oxidase) reaction, divergence in apparent molecular mass, Km, optimum pH, stability and responses to inhibitors and activators was uncovered by biochemical characterization of the purified OsOxO1-4 proteins. The apparent molecular mass of oligomer OsOxO1 was found to be similar to that of OsOxO3 but lower than the other two. The molecular mass of the subunit of OsOxO1 was lower than that of OsOxO3. The Km value of OsOxO3 was higher than the other three which had similar Km. OsOxO1 and OsOxO4 possessed peak activity at pH 8.5 which was close to that at the optimum pH 4.0. The activity of OsOxO2 at pH 8.5 was only 65% of that at its optimum pH 3.5, while the activity of OsOxO3 did not vary much at pH 6-9 and was also much lower than that at its optimum pH 3. OsOxO2 and OsOxO3 still maintained all their activities after being heated at 70°C for 1h while OsOxO1 and OsOxO4 lost about 30% of their activities. Pyruvate and oxaloacetic acid inhibited the activity of OsOxO3 more strongly than the other three. Interestingly, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-biphosphate related to photosynthetic assimilation of triose phosphate greatly increased the activities of OsOxO3 and OsOxO4. In addition to the differences in the biochemical properties of the four OsOxO proteins, an intriguing finding is that the purified OsOxO1-4 exhibited substrate inhibition, which is a typical of the classical Michaelis-Menten enzyme kinetics exhibited by a majority of other enzymes.


Asunto(s)
Oryza/enzimología , Oryza/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Isoenzimas , Peso Molecular , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo
11.
PLoS One ; 8(10): e78348, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24205207

RESUMEN

Differential expression of rice oxalate oxidase genes (OsOxO1-4) in rice leaves (Oryza sativa L.) in response to biotic stress was assayed using RT-PCR. OsOxO4 was induced transiently at 12 h in plants inoculated with the pathogens of bacterial blight and that of the wounding control. Inoculation with the rice blast pathogen induced OsOxO2 expression compared to the mock spray control. Overexpressing OsOxO1 or OsOxO4 in rice resulted in elevated transcript levels of the respective transgene as well as OsOxO3 in leaves compared to that in untransformed wild type (WT). In a line of RNA-i transgenic rice plants (i-12), expression of all four OsOxO genes except that of OsOxO2 was severely inhibited. Oxalate oxidase (OxO, EC 1.2.3.4) activity in plants overexpressing OsOxO1 or OsOxO4 was substantially higher than that in WT and the RNA-i lines. It was found that transgenic rice plants with substantially higher OxO activity were not more resistant to rice blast and bacterial blight than WT. In contrast, some RNA-i lines with less OxO activity seemed to be more resistant to rice blast while some overexpressing lines were more susceptible to rice blast than WT. Therefore, OxO might not be a disease resistance factor in rice.


Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Oryza/genética , Oxidorreductasas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Transgenes/genética
12.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf ; 74(5): 1310-5, 2011 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21376397

RESUMEN

The effects of 100 µM Pb(NO3)2 on 7-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown from seeds pretreated with a nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), or a nitric oxide scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) were investigated. Physiological stress induced by Pb (reduced root growth) was less evident in seedlings grown from seeds pretreated with SNP. However, SNP pretreatment of seeds did not affect Pb accumulation in the seedlings. Pb exposure caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid hydroperoxide contents of the seedlings. SNP pretreatment of seeds counteracted Pb toxicity by reducing the H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxide contents of Pb-exposed seedlings. Additionally, Pb-induced rises in antioxidative enzyme activities were reversed by SNP pretreatment of seeds. It was concluded that the ameliorating effects of SNP pretreatment were associated with the release of nitric oxide because cPTIO reversed these effects of SNP pretreatment of seeds and more importantly SNP pretreatment did not trigger an avoidance mechanism.


Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Plomo/toxicidad , Nitroprusiato/farmacología , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes del Suelo/toxicidad , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Benzoatos/farmacología , Biodegradación Ambiental , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Imidazoles/farmacología , Plomo/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Donantes de Óxido Nítrico/farmacología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Plantones/metabolismo , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/metabolismo , Contaminantes del Suelo/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo
13.
Phytochem Anal ; 22(4): 374-7, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21204154

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Proteinaceous inhibitors of animal trypsin occur naturally as isoforms in seeds and some are of interest as antinutritional or anti-pest agents. OBJECTIVE: To establish a simplified electrophorectic, in-gel method for rapid and direct detection of trypsin isoinhibitors present in crude plant extracts that are particularly suitable for many studies including rapid evaluation of cultivars. METHODOLOGY: Azoalbumin (3%, w/v) is immobilised in 7.5% polyacrylamide gels before electrophoresis under non-denaturing conditions. RESULTS: This improved method eliminates the need for both time-consuming and labourious staining and destaining or renaturation steps. CONCLUSION: Immobilised azoalbumin in polyacrylamide gels, run under non-denaturing electrophoresis conditions, can be used to assist rapid evaluation of trypsin isoinhibitors in numerous crude plant extracts.


Asunto(s)
Albúminas/química , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Fabaceae/química , Inhibidores de Tripsina/análisis , Animales , Bovinos , Proteínas Inmovilizadas/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Semillas/química , Inhibidores de Tripsina/química
14.
Phytochemistry ; 72(1): 94-9, 2011 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21112064

RESUMEN

Effect of proteinaceous extracts from red kidney bean cotyledons on mycelium of Alternaria alternata growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates was investigated. Unexpectedly, conidia formation was induced in response to applied crude extracts. A PDA disc method was developed to quantify conidia formed. A purified fraction retaining conidiation inducing effect (CIE) was obtained following several protein purification procedures including the last step of eluting bound proteins from an Affi-gel blue gel column. Based on MALDI (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization) mass spectrometric analysis, a previously identified mannose-binding lectin (MBL) called PvFRIL (Phaseolus vulgaris fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3-receptor interacting lectin) was present in this conidiation inducing fraction. The PvFRIL was subsequently purified using a single step mannose-agarose affinity column chromatography. When the lectin was applied exogenously to A. alternata, increased conidiation resulted. The conidia produced in response to the MBL were similar to those induced by other methods and their germ tubes were longer after 12 h growth than those induced under white light. To our knowledge this is the first report of exogenous application of a PvFRIL or another purified protein from a plant inducing conidia formation in a fungus.


Asunto(s)
Alternaria/efectos de los fármacos , Lectinas de Unión a Manosa/aislamiento & purificación , Phaseolus/química , Esporas Fúngicas/efectos de los fármacos , Alternaria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cotiledón/química , Manosa/metabolismo , Lectinas de Unión a Manosa/farmacología , Phaseolus/microbiología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción
15.
Enzyme Res ; 2010: 517283, 2010 Nov 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21076540

RESUMEN

Aminopeptidase (AP) activity in ripe but firm fruit of Actinidia deliciosa was characterized using L-leucine-p-nitroanilide as a substrate. The enzyme activity was the highest under alkaline conditions and was thermolabile. EDTA, 1,10-phenanthroline, iodoacetamide, and Zn(2+) had inhibitory effect while a low concentration of dithiothreitol (DTT) had stimulatory effect on kiwifruit AP activity. However, DTT was not essential for the enzyme activity. The results obtained indicated that the kiwifruit AP was a thiol-dependent metalloprotease. Its activity was the highest in the seeds, followed by the core and pericarp tissues of the fruit. The elution profile of the AP activity from a DEAE-cellulose column suggested that there were at least two AP isozymes in kiwifruit: one unadsorbed and one adsorbed fractions. It is concluded that useful food-grade aminopeptidases from kiwifruit could be revealed using more specific substrates.

16.
Chemosphere ; 76(5): 711-5, 2009 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19477483

RESUMEN

Reported correlations between tannin level and metal accumulation within plant tissues suggest that metal-chelating tannins may help plants to tolerate toxic levels of heavy metal contaminants. This paper supports such correlations using a new method that demonstrated the ability of plant tannins to chelate heavy metals, and showed that the relative levels of tannins in tissues were quantitatively related to lead chelation in vitro. Using this in vitro metal chelation method, we showed that immobilised tannins prepared from lateral roots of Symphytum officinale L., that contained high tannin levels, chelated 3.5 times more lead than those from main roots with lower tannin levels. This trend was confirmed using increasing concentrations of tannins from a single root type, and using purified tannins (tannic acid) from Chinese gallnuts. This study presents a new, simple, and reliable method that demonstrates direct lead-tannin chelation. In relation to phytoremediation, it also suggests that plant roots with more 'built-in' tannins may advantageously accumulate more lead.


Asunto(s)
Quelantes/química , Consuelda/química , Contaminantes Ambientales/química , Plomo/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Taninos/química , Biodegradación Ambiental , Biomasa , Quelantes/metabolismo , Consuelda/citología , Consuelda/metabolismo , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Plomo/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/citología , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Polifenoles , Povidona/análogos & derivados , Povidona/química , Taninos/metabolismo
17.
Arch Insect Biochem Physiol ; 68(2): 113-21, 2008 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18481298

RESUMEN

We investigated the change of the glucose oxidase (GOX) activity in labial salivary glands of Helicoverpa armigera larvae fed with the artificial diet or host plant tobacco and the major factors responsible for such a change. Throughout larval development, the labial salivary GOX activities in caterpillars reared on the artificial diet were remarkably higher than those fed with the plant. After fifth-instar plant-fed caterpillars were transferred to the artificial diet, their labial salivary GOX activity increased quickly, which was closely correlated with the time spent feeding on the artificial diet. The total sugar content of the artificial diet was 68 times higher than that of the tobacco leaves. We hypothesized that sugars and secondary metabolites are the possible causes of induction of GOX activity. When fifth-instar caterpillars were fed with tobacco leaves coated with glucose or sucrose, their labial salivary GOX activity was significantly higher than those fed with leaves without sugar coating. Following native PAGE, 1 single band of the labial salivary GOX was observed in all the caterpillars fed with different diets, implying that only the activity of the isoenzyme was changed in response to different diets. Furthermore, the labial salivary GOX activity was determined after caterpillars were fed with artificial diets containing chlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercetin. The results showed that all these phenolic compounds had no effect on the GOX activity. We conclude that sugar in diets was a major factor influencing the labial salivary GOX activity of the larvae. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2008.


Asunto(s)
Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono/fisiología , Glucosa Oxidasa/metabolismo , Mariposas Nocturnas/enzimología , Fenoles/metabolismo , Animales , Dieta , Larva/enzimología , Glándulas Salivales/enzimología , Nicotiana/metabolismo
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