RESUMEN
Dectin-1 is a C-type lectin receptor critical in anti-fungal immunity, but Dectin-1 has not been linked to regulation of sterile inflammation or oncogenesis. We found that Dectin-1 expression is upregulated in hepatic fibrosis and liver cancer. However, Dectin-1 deletion exacerbates liver fibro-inflammatory disease and accelerates hepatocarcinogenesis. Mechanistically, we found that Dectin-1 protects against chronic liver disease by suppressing TLR4 signaling in hepatic inflammatory and stellate cells. Accordingly, Dectin-1(-/-) mice exhibited augmented cytokine production and reduced survival in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated sepsis, whereas Dectin-1 activation was protective. We showed that Dectin-1 inhibits TLR4 signaling by mitigating TLR4 and CD14 expression, which are regulated by Dectin-1-dependent macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) expression. Our study suggests that Dectin-1 is an attractive target for experimental therapeutics in hepatic fibrosis and neoplastic transformation. More broadly, our work deciphers critical cross-talk between pattern recognition receptors and implicates a role for Dectin-1 in suppression of sterile inflammation, inflammation-induced oncogenesis, and LPS-mediated sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Lectinas Tipo C/metabolismo , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Animales , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CCL2/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Dietilnitrosamina/toxicidad , Hepatocitos/citología , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamación , Lectinas Tipo C/deficiencia , Lectinas Tipo C/genética , Receptores de Lipopolisacáridos/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/inducido químicamente , Cirrosis Hepática/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/inducido químicamente , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/genética , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Macrófagos/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Proteínas Recombinantes/biosíntesis , Proteínas Recombinantes/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Sepsis/etiología , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Tioacetamida/toxicidad , Receptor Toll-Like 4/antagonistas & inhibidores , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Modulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling can have protective or protumorigenic effects on oncogenesis depending on the cancer subtype and on specific inflammatory elements within the tumor milieu. We found that TLR9 is widely expressed early during the course of pancreatic transformation and that TLR9 ligands are ubiquitous within the tumor microenvironment. TLR9 ligation markedly accelerates oncogenesis, whereas TLR9 deletion is protective. We show that TLR9 activation has distinct effects on the epithelial, inflammatory, and fibrogenic cellular subsets in pancreatic carcinoma and plays a central role in cross talk between these compartments. Specifically, TLR9 activation can induce proinflammatory signaling in transformed epithelial cells, but does not elicit oncogene expression or cancer cell proliferation. Conversely, TLR9 ligation induces pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) to become fibrogenic and secrete chemokines that promote epithelial cell proliferation. TLR9-activated PSCs mediate their protumorigenic effects on the epithelial compartment via CCL11. Additionally, TLR9 has immune-suppressive effects in the tumor microenvironment (TME) via induction of regulatory T cell recruitment and myeloid-derived suppressor cell proliferation. Collectively, our work shows that TLR9 has protumorigenic effects in pancreatic carcinoma which are distinct from its influence in extrapancreatic malignancies and from the mechanistic effects of other TLRs on pancreatic oncogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Transformación Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Células Estrelladas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Receptor Toll-Like 9/metabolismo , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/efectos de los fármacos , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/genética , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CCL11/metabolismo , Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Immunoblotting , Ligandos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Microscopía Confocal , Oligodesoxirribonucleótidos/farmacología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Transducción de Señal/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 9/genética , Microambiente Tumoral/efectos de los fármacos , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMEN
Cancer cachexia is a debilitating condition characterized by a combination of anorexia, muscle wasting, weight loss, and malnutrition. This condition affects an overwhelming majority of patients with pancreatic cancer and is a primary cause of cancer-related death. However, few, if any, effective therapies exist for both treatment and prevention of this syndrome. In order to develop novel therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer cachexia, appropriate animal models are necessary. In this study, we developed and validated a syngeneic, metastatic, murine model of pancreatic cancer cachexia. Using our model, we investigated the ability of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß) blockade to mitigate the metabolic changes associated with cachexia. We found that TGF-ß inhibition using the anti-TGF-ß antibody 1D11.16.8 significantly improved overall mortality, weight loss, fat mass, lean body mass, bone mineral density, and skeletal muscle proteolysis in mice harboring advanced pancreatic cancer. Other immunotherapeutic strategies we employed were not effective. Collectively, we validated a simplified but useful model of pancreatic cancer cachexia to investigate immunologic treatment strategies. In addition, we showed that TGF-ß inhibition can decrease the metabolic changes associated with cancer cachexia and improve overall survival.
