In silico and in vivo protective effect of Morus nigra leaves on oxidative damage induced by iron overload.

Morus nigra L. is a plant popularly known as 'amoreira preta', very used in folk medicine. Iron overload (hemochromatosis) is a clinical condition that causes damage to various tissues due to oxidative stress. Therapy to control iron overload is still unsatisfactory. The protective effect on oxidative stress induced by iron overload was verified. Phytochemical characterization was evaluated by UHPLC-MS/MS. The in silico toxicity predictions of the main phytochemicals were performed via computer simulation. To induce iron overload, the animals received iron dextran (50 mg/kg/day). The test groups received doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg of M. nigra extract for six weeks. Body weight, organosomatic index, serum iron, hepatic markers, cytokines, interfering factors in iron metabolism, enzymatic and histopathological evaluations were analyzed. Vanillic acid, caffeic acid, 6-hydroxycoumarin, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin, quercitrin, resveratrol, apigenin and kaempferol were identified in the extract. In addition, in silico toxic predictions showed that the main compounds presented a low probability of toxic risk. The extract of M. nigra showed to control the mediators of inflammation and to reduce iron overload in several tissues. Our findings illustrate a novel therapeutic action of M. nigra leaves on hemochromatosis caused by iron overload.

Anti-inflammatory activity and identification of the Verbena litoralis Kunth crude extract constituents

Verbena litoralis is a plant popularly known as "gervãozinho-do-campo" in Portuguese. It is traditionally used for stomach, liver and gallbladder problems, and as an anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic. The goal of this study was to determine the chemical composition of the crude extract obtained from the aerial parts of V. litoralis by Ultra High Performance Liquid chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry in Tandem (UHPLC-MS/MS); assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ethyl acetate fraction and of crude extract; and verify liver, kidney and pancreas damage. In this study, the chemical composition of the extract was identified via UHPLC/MS/MS, assessing the anti-inflammatory activity of the crude extract and the acetate fraction in an induction model of the granulomatous tissue, as well as given liver, kidney and pancreas damage markers. Chlorogenic acid, luteolin, caffeic acid, apigenin, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid and quercetin were quantified in the extract. After the seven-day treatment, the granuloma of the animals treated with the plant extract and fraction presented values very close to the positive control (nimesulide). The V. litoralis crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction show anti-inflammatory activity similar to the nimesulide without evidence of liver, kidney and pancreas damage, which attributes the plant's pharmacological action to the flavonoids found.

Biochemical and oxidative stress markers in the liver and kidneys of rats submitted to different protocols of anabolic steroids.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different protocols (P1, P2, and P3) of boldenone undecylenate (BU) and stanozolol (ST) on markers of liver and kidney function and variables of oxidative stress in these organs. For this, 54 male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups of six animals each. Each animal received intramuscularly 5.0 mg kg-1 of BU or ST once a week for 4 weeks (P1); 2.5 mg kg-1 of BU or ST once a week for 8 weeks (P2); and 1.25 mg kg-1 of BU or ST once a week for 12 weeks (P3). For each protocol, a control group was used, and they received 0.1 ml of olive oil intramuscularly. Blood and fragments of liver and kidney were collected for alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides, urea, reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total thiols, and glutathione evaluation. The results show that the BU in doses of 5 (day 30) and 2.5 mg kg-1 (day 60) changes the ALT seric activity, possibly showing a hepatotoxic effect. High doses of BU may lead to increased levels of cholesterol (protocol P1) possibly due to inhibition of the normal steroid biosynthesis process. All protocols used caused changes in the redox balance of the organs studied (except in the liver, protocol P2), which indicates that these drugs might be harmful even at low doses.

Inflamação e estresse oxidativo na videocirurgia / Inflammation and oxidative stress in videosurgery

A videocirurgia tem sido amplamente empregada como ferramenta diagnóstica ou método cirúrgico na rotina de cães e gatos. Dentre as vantagens estão as pequenas incisões, a menor dor pós-operatória, a rápida recuperação dos pacientes e a reduzida perda sanguínea. Mesmo as cirurgias eletivas, nas modalidades convencional ou videocirúrgica, promovem inflamação e estresse oxidativo que podem vir a causar complicações sistêmicas, aumentando a morbidade dos procedimentos. Objetiva-se revisar os processos que envolvem a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo em cirurgias videolaparoscópicas de cães, visando a melhor compreensão dos processos que envolvem a formação de catabólitos inflamatórios, radicais livres e peroxidação lipídica.AU

Currently, laparoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic tool and surgical method in the surgical routine of dogs and cats. Among the advantages are the small incisions, less postoperative pain and faster recovery. Even elective surgeries, in conventional or videosurgical modalities, promote inflammation and oxidative stress that may cause systemic complications, increasing the morbidity of the procedure. The objective of this paper is to review the processes involving inflammation and oxidative stress in dogs underwent to laparoscopic surgeries, in order to better understand the processes that involve the formation of inflammatory catabolites, free radicals and lipid peroxidation.AU

Inflamação e estresse oxidativo na videocirurgia / Inflammation and oxidative stress in videosurgery

A videocirurgia tem sido amplamente empregada como ferramenta diagnóstica ou método cirúrgico na rotina de cães e gatos. Dentre as vantagens estão as pequenas incisões, a menor dor pós-operatória, a rápida recuperação dos pacientes e a reduzida perda sanguínea. Mesmo as cirurgias eletivas, nas modalidades convencional ou videocirúrgica, promovem inflamação e estresse oxidativo que podem vir a causar complicações sistêmicas, aumentando a morbidade dos procedimentos. Objetiva-se revisar os processos que envolvem a inflamação e o estresse oxidativo em cirurgias videolaparoscópicas de cães, visando a melhor compreensão dos processos que envolvem a formação de catabólitos inflamatórios, radicais livres e peroxidação lipídica.

Currently, laparoscopy is widely used as a diagnostic tool and surgical method in the surgical routine of dogs and cats. Among the advantages are the small incisions, less postoperative pain and faster recovery. Even elective surgeries, in conventional or videosurgical modalities, promote inflammation and oxidative stress that may cause systemic complications, increasing the morbidity of the procedure. The objective of this paper is to review the processes involving inflammation and oxidative stress in dogs underwent to laparoscopic surgeries, in order to better understand the processes that involve the formation of inflammatory catabolites, free radicals and lipid peroxidation.