RESUMEN
Previous research has shown that genes play a substantial role in determining a person's susceptibility to age-related hearing impairment. The existing studies on this subject have different results, which may be caused by difficulties in determining the phenotype or the limited number of participants involved. Here, we have gathered the largest sample to date (discovery n = 9,675; replication n = 10,963; validation n = 356,141), and examined phenotypes that represented low/mid and high frequency hearing loss on the pure tone audiogram. We identified 7 loci that were either replicated and/or validated, of which 5 loci are novel in hearing. Especially the ILDR1 gene is a high profile candidate, as it contains our top SNP, is a known hearing loss gene, has been linked to age-related hearing impairment before, and in addition is preferentially expressed within hair cells of the inner ear. By verifying all previously published SNPs, we can present a paper that combines all new and existing findings to date, giving a complete overview of the genetic architecture of age-related hearing impairment. This is of importance as age-related hearing impairment is highly prevalent in our ageing society and represents a large socio-economic burden.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/genética , Sitios Genéticos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Pérdida Auditiva/genética , Animales , Vías Auditivas/metabolismo , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anotación de Secuencia Molecular , Fenotipo , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop a new formulation of Bacillus thuringrensis var. israelesis (Bti) granules and assess its effect on mosquito control. METHODS: The Bti granule formulation was produced by coating Bti liquid on the surface of the carrier. and imitation tests, persistence tests and field tests were carried to assess its mosquito larvicidal effect, extended period and stability. RESULTS: A strain of Bti isolated from field had high toxicity to mosquito larvae and its LC50 values for larvae of Culex pipiens pallens and Aedes aegypti were 0.461 0 microl/L and 1.713 3 microl/L respectively. The developed 216 ITU/mg Bti granules had a control effect of 83.3%-100% to larvae of C. pipiens pallens at the dosage of 1-3 g/m2, and 72.7%-100% to A. aegypti at the dosage of 3-5 g/m2. When the 3rd instar larvae of C. pipiens pallens were put in the water that was treated with the granules at the dosage of 0.5 g/m2 13 days before, the larval mortality still reached to 55.3%. The field tests showed that with the treatment of 2-4 g/m2 Bti granules, the control effects on the larvae were high from 92.4% to 100% within the first 3 days and about 51.6%-75.7% after 20 days. CONCLUSION: The developed new formulation of Bti granules with the isolated strain has a preferable control effect on mosquito larvae and reveals a longer persistence and better stability than liquid formulation in the field tests.
