Unveiling Organic Electrode Materials in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: From Structural Design to Electrochemical Performance.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are one of the most compelling alternatives of lithium-ion batteries due to their inherent safety and economics viability. In response to the growing demand for green and sustainable energy storage solutions, organic electrodes with the scalability from inexpensive starting materials and potential for biodegradation after use have become a prominent choice for AZIBs. Despite gratifying progresses of organic molecules with electrochemical performance in AZIBs, the research is still in infancy and hampered by certain issues due to the underlying complex electrochemistry. Strategies for designing organic electrode materials for AZIBs with high specific capacity and long cycling life are discussed in detail in this review. Specifically, we put emphasis on the unique electrochemistry of different redox-active structures to provide in-depth understanding of their working mechanisms. In addition, we highlight the importance of molecular size/dimension regarding their profound impact on electrochemical performances. Finally, challenges and perspectives are discussed from the developing point of view for future AZIBs. We hope to provide a valuable evaluation on organic electrode materials for AZIBs in our context and give inspiration for the rational design of high-performance AZIBs.

A recombinant plasmid encoding human hepatocyte growth factor promotes healing of combined radiation-trauma skin injury involved in regulating Nrf2 pathway in mice.

Combined radiation-trauma skin injury represents a severe and intractable condition that urgently requires effective therapeutic interventions. In this context, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a multifunctional growth factor with regulating cell survival, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation and antioxidation, may be valuable for the treatment of combined radiation-trauma injury. This study investigated the protective effects of a recombinant plasmid encoding human HGF (pHGF) on irradiated human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells in vitro, and its capability to promote the healing of combined radiation-trauma injuries in mice. The pHGF radioprotection on irradiated HaCaT cells in vitro was assessed by cell viability, the expression of Nrf2, Bcl-2 and Bax, as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In vivo therapeutic treatment, the irradiated mice with full-thickness skin wounds received pHGF local injection. The injuries were appraised based on relative wound area, pathology, immunohistochemical detection, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling assay and cytokine content. The transfection of pHGF increased the cell viability and Nrf2 expression in irradiated HaCaT cells. pHGF also significantly upregulated Bcl-2 expression, decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inhibited the expression of interleukin-1ß and tumor necrosis factor-α in irradiated cells. Local pHGF injection in vivo caused high HGF protein expression and noticeable accelerated healing of combined radiation-trauma injury. Moreover, pHGF administration upregulated Nrf2, vascular endothelial growth factor, Bcl-2 expression, downregulated Bax expression and mitigated inflammatory response. In conclusion, the protective effect of pHGF may be related to inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation involving by upregulating Nrf2. Local pHGF injection distinctly promoted the healing of combined radiation-trauma injury and demonstrates potential as a gene therapy intervention for combined radiation-trauma injury in clinic.

Research on the recognition model of exercise fatigue based on the fusion of sEMG and ECG signals.

This study significantly enhances the accuracy of exercise state identification in wearable devices through improved denoising techniques for sEMG and ECG signals. By adopting an optimized Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) method, combined with the Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm and Second Generation Wavelet Transform (ISSA-VMD-SWT), and introducing chaos mapping to strengthen the algorithm's initial population, this approach effectively reduces noise while preserving key fatigue-related features. In tests conducted on data from 32 participants, the method achieved accuracy rates of 93.25%, 95.16%, and 93.05% for identifying "Easy," "Transition," and "Tired" exercise states, respectively, showing significant advantages over traditional denoising techniques. These results indicate that the denoising technology developed in this study represents a significant technological advancement for the application of ECG and sEMG fatigue identification technologies in wearable health monitoring devices.

WS2 nanosheets-based electrochemical biosensor for highly sensitive detection of tumor marker miRNA-4484.

In this paper, a few-layer WS2 nanosheets-based electrochemical biosensor was fabricated for the highly sensitive detection of breast cancer tumor marker miRNA-4484. Firstly, few-layer WS2 nanosheets were prepared by shear stripping and characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM and UV spectrophotometer. After modification of few-layer WS2 nanosheets on the electrode surface, the miRNA probe was fixed on the few-layer WS2 nanosheets by polycytosine (PolyC). Then short-chain miRNA containing PolyC was used as the blocking agent to close the excess active sites on the surface of WS2 nanosheets to complete the fabrication of the sensor biosensing interface. Finally, the current changes caused by the specific binding of miRNA-4484 to the probe were analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results showed that the sensor had a good linear relationship for the detection of miRNA-4484 in the concentration range of 1 aM-100 fM, and the detection limit was as low as 1.61 aM. In addition, the electrochemical sensor had excellent selectivity, stability and reproducibility. The artificial sample tests indicated that the developed biosensors have the potential for clinical application in the future.

Local Multiple-site Injections of a Plasmid Encoding Human MnSOD Mitigate Radiation-induced Skin Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis.

BACKGROUND: Most patients who undergo radiotherapy develop radiation skin injury, for which effective treatment is urgently needed. MnSOD defends against reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and may be valuable for treating radiation-induced injury. Here, we (i) investigated the therapeutic and preventive effects of local multiple-site injections of a plasmid, encoding human MnSOD, on radiation-induced skin injury in rats and (ii) explored the mechanism underlying the protective effects of pMnSOD. METHODS: The recombinant plasmid (pMnSOD) was constructed with human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter and pUC-ori. The protective effects of pMnSOD against 20-Gy X-ray irradiation were evaluated in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) by determining cell viability, ROS levels, and ferroptosisrelated gene expression. In therapeutic treatment, rats received local multiple-site injections of pMnSOD on days 12, 19, and 21 after 40-Gy γ-ray irradiation. In preventive treatment, rats received pMnSOD injections on day -3 pre-irradiation and on day 4 post-irradiation. The skin injuries were evaluated based on the injury score and pathological examination, and ferroptosis-related gene expression was determined. RESULTS: In irradiated HaCaT cells, pMnSOD transfection resulted in an increased SOD2 expression, reduced intracellular ROS levels, and increased cell viability. Moreover, GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression was significantly upregulated, and erastin-induced ferroptosis was inhibited in HaCaT cells. In the therapeutic and prevention treatment experiments, pMnSOD administration produced local SOD protein expression and evidently promoted the healing of radiation-induced skin injury. In the therapeutic treatment experiments, the injury score in the high-dose pMnSOD group was significantly lower than in the PBS group on day 33 post-irradiation (1.50 vs. 2.80, P < 0.05). In the prevention treatment experiments, the skin injury scores were much lower in the pMnSOD administration groups than in the PBS group from day 21 to day 34. GPX4, SLC7A11, and Bcl-2 were upregulated in irradiated skin tissues after pMnSOD treatment, while ACSL4 was downregulated. CONCLUSION: The present study provides evidence that the protective effects of MnSOD in irradiated HaCaT cells may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis. The multi-site injections of pMnSOD had clear therapeutic and preventive effects on radiation-induced skin injury in rats. pMnSOD may have therapeutic value for the treatment of radiation-induced skin injury.

Delayed recanalization reduced neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits by enhancing liver-derived trefoil factor 3-mediated neuroprotection via LINGO2/EGFR/Src signaling pathway after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

Delayed recanalization at days or weeks beyond the therapeutic window was shown to improve functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Previous preclinical study reported that trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) was secreted by liver after cerebral ischemia and acted a distant neuroprotective factor. Here, we investigated the liver-derived TFF3-mediated neuroprotective mechanism enhanced by delayed recanalization after AIS. A total of 327 male Sprague-Dawley rats and the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with permanent occlusion (pMCAO) or with delayed recanalization at 3 d post-occlusion (rMCAO) were used. Partial hepatectomy was performed within 5 min after MCAO. Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 2 (LINGO2) siRNA was administered intracerebroventricularly at 48 h after MCAO. Recombinant rat TFF3 (rr-TFF3, 30 µg/Kg) or recombinant rat epidermal growth factor (rr-EGF, 100 µg/Kg) was administered intranasally at 1 h after recanalization, and EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib (75 mg/Kg) was administered intranasally at 30 min before recanalization. The evaluation of outcomes included neurobehavior, ELISA, western blot and immunofluorescence staining. TFF3 in hepatocytes and serum were upregulated in a similar time-dependent manner after MCAO. Compared to pMCAO, delayed recanalization increased brain TFF3 levels and attenuated brain damage with the reduction in neuronal apoptosis, infarct volume and neurological deficits. Partial hepatectomy reduced TFF3 levels in serum and ipsilateral brain hemisphere, and abolished the benefits of delayed recanalization on neuronal apoptosis and neurobehavioral deficits in rMCAO rats. Intranasal rrTFF3 treatment reversed the changes associated with partial hepatectomy. Delayed recanalization after MCAO increased the co-immunoprecipitation of TFF3 and LINGO2, as well as expressions of p-EGFR, p-Src and Bcl-2 in the brain. LINGO2 siRNA knockdown or EGFR inhibitor reversed the effects of delayed recanalization on apoptosis and brain expressions of LINGO2, p-EGFR, p-Src and Bcl-2 in rMCAO rats. EGFR activator abolished the deleterious effects of LINGO2 siRNA. In conclusion, our investigation demonstrated for the first time that delayed recanalization may enhance the entry of liver-derived TFF3 into ischemic brain upon restoring blood flow after MCAO, which attenuated neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficits at least in part via activating LINGO2/EGFR/Src pathway.

Application of Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (SiNW-FET) Biosensor with High Sensitivity.

As a new type of one-dimensional semiconductor nanometer material, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) possess good application prospects in the field of biomedical sensing. SiNWs have excellent electronic properties for improving the detection sensitivity of biosensors. The combination of SiNWs and field effect transistors (FETs) formed one special biosensor with high sensitivity and target selectivity in real-time and label-free. Recently, SiNW-FETs have received more attention in fields of biomedical detection. Here, we give a critical review of the progress of SiNW-FETs, in particular, about the reversible surface modification methods. Moreover, we summarized the applications of SiNW-FETs in DNA, protein, and microbial detection. We also discuss the related working principle and technical approaches. Our review provides an extensive discussion for studying the challenges in the future development of SiNW-FETs.

Comparative studies on in vitro antitumor activities and apoptosis-inducing effects of enantiomeric ruthenium(II) complexes.

On the basis of our previous comparative studies on the DNA binding of a pair of ruthenium(II) complex enantiomers, Δ-[Ru(bpy)2PBIP]2+ and Λ-[Ru(bpy)2PBIP]2+ {bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, PBIP = 2-(4-bromophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline}, in this study, their antitumor activities and mechanisms were further investigated comparatively. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that both the enantiomers exerted selective antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines A2780 and PC3. Fluorescence localization experiments suggested that both the enantiomers effectively permeated the nucleus of HeLa cells and co-localized with DNA, resulting in their DNA damage and apoptosis. Flow cytometry experiments showed that the apoptosis was enhanced by increasing the concentration of each enantiomer. Western blotting analyses indicated that both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways were activated by the two enantiomers. miRNA microarray analyses displayed that both the enantiomers up- and downregulated multiple miRNAs, some of which were predicted to be associated with carcinogenesis. The above experimental results also showed that the Δ-enantiomer exerted a more potent antitumor activity, a higher efficiency of entering cancer cells and a stronger apoptosis-inducing effect compared with the Λ-enantiomer. Combined with the previously published research results, experimental results from this study implied that the antitumor activity of a metal complex might have originated from the conformation change of DNA in tumor cells caused by the intercalation of the complex, that the antitumor mechanism of a metal complex could be related to its DNA-binding mode, and that the antitumor efficiency of a metal complex could result from its DNA-binding strength.

Three Days Delayed Recanalization Improved Neurological Function in pMCAO Rats by Increasing M2 Microglia-Possible Involvement of the IL-4R/STAT6/PPARγ Pathway.

Current approved therapies for acute ischemic stroke have a restricted therapeutic time window. Delayed recanalization, which has been utilized clinically in patients who have missed the time window for administration, may be a promising alternative for stroke patients. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain undiscovered. Herein, we hypothesized that delayed recanalization would increase M2 microglial polarization through the IL-4R (interleukin-4 receptor)/STAT6 (signal transducer and activators of transcription 6)/PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ) pathway, subsequently promoting stroke recovery in rats. The permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) model was induced via intravascular filament insertion. Recanalization was induced by withdrawing the filament at 3 days after MCAO (rMCAO). Interleukin (IL)-4 was administered intranasally at 3 days after pMCAO. AS1517499, a specific STAT6 inhibitor, was administered intranasally at 3 days after MCAO induction. Immunofluorescence staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot analysis, volumetric measurements of brain infarct, and neurological behavior tests were conducted. Delayed recanalization at 3 days after MCAO increased the polarization of M2 microglia, decreased inflammation, and improved neurological behavior. IL-4 treatment administered on the 3rd day after pMCAO increased M2 microglial polarization, improved neurological behavior, and reduced infarction volume of pMCAO rats. The inhibition of STAT6 decreased the level of p-STAT6 and PPARγ in rats treated with delayed recanalization. Delayed recanalization improved neurological function by increasing microglial M2 polarization, possibly involved with the IL-4R/STAT6/PPARγ pathway after MCAO in rats.

Role of Estrogen-Related Receptor γ and PGC-1α/SIRT3 Pathway in Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) were shown to play an important role in the regulation of free radical-mediated pathology. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of ERRγ activation against early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and the potential underlying mechanisms. In a rat model of SAH, the time course of ERRs and SIRT3 and the effects of ERRγ activation were investigated. ERRγ agonist DY131, selective inhibitor GSK5182, or SIRT3 selective inhibitor 3-TYP were administered intracerebroventricularly (icv) in the rat model of SAH. The use of 3-TYP was for validating SIRT3 as the downstream signaling of ERRγ activation. Post-SAH assessments included SAH grade, neurological score, Western blot, Nissl staining, and immunofluorescence staining in rats. In an vitro study, the ERRγ agonist DY131 and ERRγ siRNA were administered to primary cortical neurons stimulated by Hb, after which cell viability and neuronal deaths were accessed. Lastly, the brain ERRγ levels and neuronal death were accessed in SAH patients. We found that brain ERRγ expressions were significantly increased, but the expression of SIRT3 dramatically decreased after SAH in rats. In the brains of SAH rats, ERRγ was expressed primarily in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. The activation of ERRγ with DY131 significantly improved the short-term and long-term neurological deficits, accompanied by reductions in oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis at 24 h after SAH in rats. DY131 treatment significantly increased the expressions of PGC-1α, SIRT3, and Bcl-2 while downregulating the expressions of 4-HNE and Bax. ERRγ antagonist GSK5182 and SIRT3 inhibitor 3-TYP abolished the neuroprotective effects of ERRγ activation in the SAH rats. An in vitro study showed that Hb stimulation significantly increased intracellular oxidative stress in primary cortical neurons, and DY131 reduced such elevations. Primary cortical neurons transfected with the ERRγ siRNA exhibited notable apoptosis and abolished the protective effect of DY131. The examination of SAH patients' brain samples revealed increases in ERRγ expressions and neuronal apoptosis marker CC3. We concluded that ERRγ activation with DY131 ameliorated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis after the experimental SAH. The effects were, at least in part, through the ERRγ/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signaling pathway. ERRγ may serve as a novel therapeutic target to ameliorate EBI after SAH.

Self-powered acceleration sensors arrayed by swarm intelligence for table tennis umpiring system.

Table tennis competition is voted as one of the most popular competitive sports. The referee umpires the competition mainly based on visual observation and experience, which may make misjudgments on competition results due to the referee's subjective uncertainty or imprecision. In this work, a novel intelligent umpiring system based on arrayed self-powered acceleration sensor nodes was presented to enhance the competition accuracy. A sensor node array model was established to detect ball collision point on the table tennis table. This model clearly illuminated the working mechanism of the proposed umpiring system. And an improved particle swarm optimization (level-based competitive swarm optimization) was applied to optimize the arrayed sensor nodes distribution by redefining the representations and update rules of position and velocity. The optimized results showed that the number of sensors decreased from 58 to 51. Also, the reliability of the optimized nodes distribution of the table tennis umpiring system has been verified theoretically. The results revealed that our system achieved a precise detection of the ball collision point with uniform error distances below 3.5 mm. Besides, this research offered an in-depth study on intelligent umpiring system based on arrayed self-powered sensor nodes, which will improve the accuracy of the umpiring of table tennis competition.

A Review of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides-Based Biosensors.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are widely used in biosensing applications due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Due to the properties of biomaterial targets, the biggest challenge that biosensors face now is how to improve the sensitivity and stability. A lot of materials had been used to enhance the target signal. Among them, TMDCs show excellent performance in enhancing biosensing signals because of their metallic and semi-conducting electrical capabilities, tunable band gap, large specific surface area and so on. Here, we review different functionalization methods and research progress of TMDCs-based biosensors. The modification methods of TMDCs for biosensor fabrication mainly include two strategies: non-covalent and covalent interaction. The article summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of different modification strategies and their effects on biosensing performance. The authors present the challenges and issues that TMDCs need to be addressed in biosensor applications. Finally, the review expresses the positive application prospects of TMDCs-based biosensors in the future.

A highly sensitive silicon nanowire array sensor for joint detection of tumor markers CEA and AFP.

Liver cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest fatality rate and increasing incidence, which has no effective treatment plan. Early diagnosis and early treatment of liver cancer play a vital role in prolonging the survival period of patients and improving the cure rate. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are two crucial tumor markers for liver cancer diagnosis. In this work, we firstly proposed a wafer-level, highly controlled silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistor (FET) joint detection sensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of CEA and AFP. The SiNWs-FET joint detection sensor possesses 4 sensing regions. Each sensing region consists of 120 SiNWs arranged in a 15 × 8 array. The SiNW sensor was developed by using a wafer-level and highly controllable top-down manufacturing technology to achieve the repeatability and controllability of device preparation. To identify and detect CEA/AFP, we modified the corresponding CEA antibodies/AFP antibodies to the sensing region surface after a series of surface modification processes, including O2 plasma treatment, soaking in 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) solution, and soaking in glutaraldehyde (GA) solution. The experimental results showed that the SiNW array sensor has superior sensitivity with a real-time ultralow detection limit of 0.1 fg ml-1 (AFP in 0.1× PBS) and 1 fg ml-1 (CEA in 0.1× PBS). Also, the logarithms of the concentration of CEA (from 1 fg ml-1 to 10 pg ml-1) and AFP (from 0.1 fg ml-1 to 100 pg ml-1) achieved conspicuously linear relationships with normalized current changes. The R2 of AFP in 0.1× PBS and R2 of CEA in 0.1× PBS were 0.99885 and 0.99677, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor could distinguish CEA/AFP from interferents at high concentrations. Importantly, even in serum samples, our sensor could successfully detect CEA/AFP. This demonstrates the promising clinical development of our sensor.

Correction: A highly sensitive silicon nanowire array sensor for joint detection of tumor markers CEA and AFP.

Correction for 'A highly sensitive silicon nanowire array sensor for joint detection of tumor markers CEA and AFP' by Ke Lu et al., Biomater. Sci., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2BM00555G.

An electrochemical biosensor based on few-layer MoS2 nanosheets for highly sensitive detection of tumor marker ctDNA.

An electrochemical biosensor based on few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets was fabricated for the highly sensitive detection of tumor marker circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in this paper. The MoS2 nanosheets with few layers were prepared by the shear stripping. Compared with the mechanical stripping method and the lithium ion intercalation method, this method is simpler to operate, and the prepared MoS2 nanosheets had good electrochemical activity. The biosensing platform was fabricated based on the discriminative affinity of MoS2 nanosheets towards single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Methylene blue (MB) was used as the signal molecule. The results showed that the detection of ctDNA by this sensor showed an excellent linear relationship in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10-7 M to 1.0 × 10-16 M, and the detection limit was 2.5 × 10-18 M. In addition, this sensor exhibited outstanding stability and specificity. This strategy provides an alternative approach for ctDNA detection and an effective sensing strategy for future in vitro cancer diagnosis by label-free detection.

Harvesting Water-Evaporation-Induced Electricity Based on Liquid-Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Harvesting energy from natural water evaporation has been proposed as a promising alternative to supply power for self-powered and low-power devices and systems, owing to its spontaneous, ubiquitous, and sustainability. Herein, an approach is presented for harvesting water-evaporation-induced electricity based on liquid-solid triboelectric nanogenerators (LS-TENGs), which has various advantages of easy preparation, substrate needless, and robustness. This developed harvester with porous Al2 O3 ceramic sheet can generate a continuous and stable direct current of ≈0.3 µA and voltage of ≈0.7 V by optimizing the sheet physical dimensions and ambient parameters such as relative humidity, temperature, wind velocity, and ion concentration. The output power also can be improved significantly by series or parallel connection the harvesters, which has superior electrical compatibility and environmental suitability. The development of the water-evaporation-induced electricity harvesting shows many application prospects including power supply for digital calculator and charging capacitor. This research provides an in-depth experimental study on water-evaporation-induced electricity harvesting based on LS-TENGs and an efficient approach to supply electricity for low-power devices.

A Review of Biosensors for Detecting Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer has the highest cancer incidence rate in women. Early screening of breast cancer can effectively improve the treatment effect of patients. However, the main diagnostic techniques available for the detection of breast cancer require the corresponding equipment, professional practitioners, and expert analysis, and the detection cost is high. Tumor markers are a kind of active substance that can indicate the existence and growth of the tumor. The detection of tumor markers can effectively assist the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The conventional detection methods of tumor markers have some shortcomings, such as insufficient sensitivity, expensive equipment, and complicated operations. Compared with these methods, biosensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, simple operation, low equipment cost, and can quantitatively detect all kinds of tumor markers. This review summarizes the biosensors (2013-2021) for the detection of breast cancer biomarkers. Firstly, the various reported tumor markers of breast cancer are introduced. Then, the development of biosensors designed for the sensitive, stable, and selective recognition of breast cancer biomarkers was systematically discussed, with special attention to the main clinical biomarkers, such as human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and estrogen receptor (ER). Finally, the opportunities and challenges of developing efficient biosensors in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Research on exercise fatigue estimation method of Pilates rehabilitation based on ECG and sEMG feature fusion.

PURPOSE: Surface electromyography (sEMG) is vulnerable to environmental interference, low recognition rate and poor stability. Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals with rich information were introduced into sEMG to improve the recognition rate of fatigue assessment in the process of rehabilitation. METHODS: Twenty subjects performed 150 min of Pilates rehabilitation exercise. Twenty subjects performed 150 min of Pilates rehabilitation exercise. ECG and sEMG signals were collected at the same time. Aftering necessary preprocessing, the classification model of improved particle swarm optimization support vector machine base on sEMG and ECG data fusion was established to identify three different fatigue states (Relaxed, Transition, Tired). The model effects of different classification algorithms (BPNN, KNN, LDA) and different fused data types were compared. RESULTS: IPSO-SVM had obvious advantages in the classification effect of sEMG and ECG signals, the average recognition rate was 87.83%. The recognition rates of sEMG and ECG fusion feature classification models were 94.25%, 92.25%, 94.25%. The recognition accuracy and model performance was significantly improved. CONCLUSION: The sEMG and ECG signal after feature fusion form a complementary mechanism. At the same time, IPOS-SVM can accurately detect the fatigue state in the process of Pilates rehabilitation. On the same model, the recognition effect of fusion of sEMG and ECG(Relaxed: 98.75%, Transition:92.25%, Tired:94.25%) is better than that of only using sEMG signal or ECGsignal. This study establishes technical support for establishing relevant man-machine devices and improving the safety of Pilates rehabilitation.

Application of Simultaneous 18 F-FDG PET With Monoexponential, Biexponential, and Stretched Exponential Model-Based Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging in Assessing the Proliferation Status of Lung Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) is important for providing information on tumor behavior, treatment response, and prognosis. Integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) may have the potential to assess Ki-67 PI in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. PURPOSE: To explore the value of simultaneous 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) PET/MR-derived parameters in assessing the proliferation status of lung adenocarcinoma and to determine the best combination of parameters. STUDY TYPE: Prospective. POPULATION: Seventy-eight patients with lung adenocarcinoma and with Ki-67 PI. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0 T, simultaneous PET/MRI including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 18 F-FDG PET. ASSESSMENT: DWI-derived parameters, namely, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), diffusion heterogeneity index (α), and distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC); and PET-derived parameters, namely, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax ), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolytic volume (TLG), were calculated and compared between the high (>25%) and low (≤25%) Ki-67 PI groups. The correlations between PET-derived parameters and DWI-derived parameters were analyzed. STATISTICAL TESTS: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The SUVmax , MTV, TLG, ADC, D, and DDC values were significantly different between the high (N = 35) and low Ki-67 PI groups (N = 43). D, SUVmax , and MTV independently predicted the Ki-67 PI status. The combination of D, SUVmax , and MTV had the largest area under the ROC curve (AUC = 0.900), which was significantly larger than the AUC alone of DDC (AUC = 0.725), SUVmax (AUC = 0.815), MTV (AUC = 0.774), or TLG (AUC = 0.783). The perfusion fraction did not correlate with SUVmax , MTV, or TLG (r = -0.03, -0.11, and -0.04, respectively; P = 0.786, 0.348, and 0.733). DATA CONCLUSION: The combination of D, SUVmax , and MTV may predict Ki-67 PI status. No correlation was observed between perfusion parameters and metabolic parameters. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.