[Spatio-temporal Differentiation of County Carbon Budget and Territorial Space Optimization Zoning Strategy in Gansu Province from the Perspective of Carbon Neutrality].

Under the background of comprehensively practicing the overall system concept of the "living community" in the new era, incorporating the carbon neutral development goal into the territorial spatial planning and construction and establishing the territorial spatial pattern and optimization strategy in line with the actual development of Gansu Province are of great significance for promoting the comprehensive green low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of regional economy and society. Taking counties in Gansu Province as an example, based on the perspective of carbon neutrality research, the land use carbon budget of 87 counties in Gansu Province in 2010, 2015, and 2021 was calculated and analyzed. GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis were used to further explore their spatial differentiation characteristics and the overall characteristics of the carbon emission spatial correlation network. At last, combined with the main function zoning, the low-carbon oriented land space optimization zoning was carried out, and differentiated low-carbon development strategies were proposed. The results were as follows： ① Carbon emissions in Gansu Province showed an upward trend, but the increase rate decreased, showing a spatial distribution of "high in the central and eastern part of the country, low in the southwest." Construction land was the main carbon source. The carbon uptake showed a spatial distribution of "high in the south and low in the north, high in the west and low in the east." Woodlands were the main carbon sinks. The net carbon emissions showed an increasing trend, and approximately 58.62% of the counties in the province were in a carbon imbalance situation. ② In 2021, the spatial network of county carbon emissions was closely related, showing a "core-edge" pattern. The Chenguan District and Qilihe District were in the core position of the network and received more correlation relationships in the network. The network contacts in Longzhong area were frequent, followed by the contacts in Longdongnan area. ③ Based on carbon emissions, carbon sequestration, and ecological carrying capacity coefficients and using the results of spatial correlation of social networks as role positions, the province was divided into four carbon-neutral sub-districts. At the same time, superimposed analysis of the main function zoning, the county area of the province was reconstructed into seven territorial space zones, and the differentiated regional low-carbon optimization development strategy was proposed for each zone.

Copper-catalyzed regioselective C2-H chlorination of indoles with para-toluenesulfonyl chloride.

A copper-catalyzed, pyrimidine directed regioselective C-H chlorination of indoles with para-toluenesulfonyl chloride (TsCl) has been developed. The reactions proceeded smoothly in the presence of 20 mol% of Cu(OAc)2 as the catalyst and TsCl as the chlorine source, delivering C2-chlorinated indoles with structural diversity in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggested that single electron transfer (SET) from Cu(II) to TsCl accompanied by the release of the p-toluenesulfonyl radical and the related Cu(III)Cl species might be involved in the reactions.

Microwave-Assisted Ruthenium- and Rhodium-Catalyzed Couplings of α-Amino Acid Ester-Derived Phosphinamides with Alkynes.

Two different types of new phosphinamide α-amino ester derivatives have been prepared in moderate to high yields via ruthenium(II) and rhodium(III)-catalyzed ortho-C-H functionalization under microwave irradiation. Specifically, the ortho-alkenylated phosphinamides were produced through coupling of phosphinamides containing an α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted α-amino ester with internal alkynes under ruthenium catalysis. In contrast, Ru and the more effective Rh-catalyzed coupling of the α-unsubstituted glycine ester phosphinamide with alkynes resulted in formation of oxidative annulation products, phosphaisoquinolin-1-ones. The developed methods feature the use of easily accessible starting materials, short reaction time, exclusive E-stereoselectivity (for ortho-alkenylation) and good functional group tolerance. The alkenylation reaction was readily scaled up to gram scale. Furthermore, the obtained alkenylated phosphinamide could be transformed into P-containing dipeptides through hydrolysis of the ester group in the catalysis product and subsequent condensation with an α-amino ester.

Correction: Diastereoselective synthesis of chiral 3-substituted isoindolinones via rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefination/annulation.

Correction for 'Diastereoselective synthesis of chiral 3-substituted isoindolinones via rhodium(iii)-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefination/annulation' by Xue-Hong Li et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00656h.

Diastereoselective synthesis of chiral 3-substituted isoindolinones via rhodium(III)-catalyzed oxidative C-H olefination/annulation.

A new method for the direct and stereoselective synthesis of 3-substituted isoindolinones via Rh(iii)-catalyzed chiral N-sulfinyl amide directed asymmetric [4 + 1] annulation of benzamides with acrylic esters has been developed. The reaction proceeded through an oxidative C-H olefination and a subsequent cyclization by intramolecular aza-Michael addition, producing a series of diastereoisomeric chiral isoindolinones (20 examples) in generally good yields with a dr value up to 5.5 : 1. The absolute configurations of the newly formed C-stereocenters in the major and minor diastereomers of the catalysis product have been determined by X-ray crystal diffraction analysis to be S and R, respectively. The separation of the major diastereoisomers from the catalysis products and subsequent removal of the N-sulfinyl chiral auxiliary afforded enantiomerically pure (S)-isoindolinones. The application of the obtained (S)-isoindolinones in the synthesis of several biologically active isoindolinones such as (S)-PD172938, (S)-pazinaclone and (S)-pagoclone is presented.

[Effect of urease/nitrification inhibitor on urea nitrogen conversion in black soil and cinnamon soil.] / è„²é ¶/ç¡åŒ–æŠ‘åˆ¶å‰‚åœ¨é»‘åœŸå’Œè¤åœŸä¸­å¯¹å°¿ç´ æ°®è½¬åŒ–çš„è°ƒæŽ§æ•ˆæžœ.

We studied the effects of urease/nitrification inhibitor combinations on urea hydrolysis and nitrification, aiming to screen out the effective inhibitor combinations for black soil and cinnamon soil in Northeast China. Urease inhibitor, N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine (NBPT), and its combination with nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl)-pyridine (CP), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM) and 3-methylpyrazole (MP) were added to urea separately. Samples were collected 15 times in each of all the treatments during 125 days. We examined the changes of urea nitrogen, ammo-nium, nitrate, and nitrification inhibition rate in the two soils. Our results showed the hydrolysis of urea in black soil and cinnamon soil was about 7 d, and the addition of NBPT with or without diffe-rent nitrification inhibitors slowed down the hydrolysis to 21 d at least. Compared with the treatment with common urea, inhibitor addition significantly increased soil NH4+-N, decreased soil NO3--N, and maintained the high NH4+-N content in soil for a longer time. In black soil, application with nitrification inhibitor inhibited soil nitrification significantly and lasted for more than 125 d. DMPP and CP combined with NBPT increased the NH4+-N content in black soil by 1.6-1.8 times, while the nitrification inhibition rate was 47.9% and 24.1% at 125 d, respectively. In the cinnamon soil, the application of nitrification inhibitor could prolong the duration of ammonium oxidation from 80 d to 110 d. DCD and DMPP combined with NBPT increased the NH4+-N content in cinnamon soil by 2.1-3.4 times, while the nitrification inhibition rates at 125 d were 25.3% and 23.2%, respectively. Therefore, NBPT+DMPP combination with urea was recommended for utilization in black soil, followed by NBPT+CP. In cinnamon soil, NBPT+DCD combination with urea was recommended, followed by NBPT+DMPP.

[Effects of high efficiency and stability ammonium sulfate fertilizer applied in black soil]. / é«˜æ•ˆç¨³å®šæ€§ç¡«é ¸é“µæ°®è‚¥åœ¨é»‘åœŸä¸­çš„æ–½ç”¨æ•ˆæžœ.

To develop high efficiency stabilized N fertilizer, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of stabilized ammonium sulfate with different nitrification inhibitors on soil avai-lable nitrogen (N) contents, nitrification inhibition rate, apparent nitrification rate, yield, some agronomic parameters and N fertilizer utilization rate of corn in black soil of Jilin Provinve. In this study, blank (CK) and (NH4)2SO4 (N) were set as controls, and nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethyl-pyrazolate phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine (CP), ammonia protectant N-GD and nitrogen fertilizer synergist HFJ and their combination applied to ammonium sulfate to form nine treatments. The results showed that compared with the treatment of N, application of DMPP and its combinations in black soil significantly affected soil available N contents and the apparent nitrification rate. The contents of ammonium increased by 1.4-2.0 times, while the contents of nitrate and the apparent nitrification rate of soil decreased by 13.6%-17.9% and 55.3%-59.8%, respectively. DMPP, DMPP+HFJ, DMPP+N-GD had the highest nitrification inhibition rate, which reached higher than 16.5%. DMPP+HFJ+N-GD and HFJ increased the chlorophyll content in maize leaves by 4.5-5.3 times. The addition of nitrification inhibitors and fertilizer synergist to ammonium sulfate did not affect plant height. Compared with the treatment of N, HFJ increased corn biomass, grain yield, economic coefficient, harvest index, agronomic utilization rate of fertilizer, N uptake utilization rate, fertilizer contribution rate and N partial productivity of corn by 1.2, 2.5, 0.7, 0.6, 2.7, 2.1, 1.3 and 2.5 times, respectively. In general, HFJ, DMPP, DMPP+HFJ, DMPP+N-GD performed best in black soil. By considering both the cost and N utilization rate, N fertilizer synergist HFJ is the first choice for stable ammonium sulfate N fertilizer biochemical inhibitor, followed by DMPP+HFJ or DMPP+N-GD.

An Approach to 3-(Indol-2-yl)succinimide Derivatives by Manganese-Catalyzed C-H Activation.

The manganese-catalyzed addition of C-2 position of indoles to maleimides has been achieved under additive-free conditions. The manganese catalyst exhibits excellent chemo- and regioselectivity, good functional group compatibility, and high catalytic efficiency. The substrate scope can also be extended to maleates, ethyl acrylate, 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene, pyrroles, and 2-phenylpyridine, which further demonstrates the universality of this straightforward approach.

[Evaluation of osteogenic effects of BMP2 up-regulator E40071 in vitro].

Bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2) plays a key role in bone development and reestablishment. In the study, we screened up-regulators of BMP2 among 20 000 compounds through a cell-based high throughput screening model and a positive compound E40071 [2-(4-(5-methyl-3-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl) piperazin-1-yl)ethan-1-ol] was found as the positive hit. The EC(50) value of E40071 was 2.73 µmol·L(-1). In vitro, E40071 upregulated the m RNA levels of BMP2 and the downstream transcription factors, Runx2 and Osx in MC3T3-E1(subclone 14). Protein expression of Runx2 was up-regulated by E40071 through induction of Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. The alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity was increased by E40071. Moreover, E40071 promoted the mineralization of MC3T3-E1(subclone 14) by Alizarin red S staining. In addition, E40071 markedly inhibited osteoclast differentiation of mice macrophage Raw264.7 induced by RANKL and reduced the expression of osteoclast differentiation markers, including MMP9 and NFATc1. The results suggest that E40071 is able to promote bone formation activity of osteoblasts and inhibit differentiation of osteoclasts.