The electronic structure of the molecule is significantly influenced by the number of conjugated C=C bonds. In this work, the influence of the conjugated C=C bonds of the SNCN derivatives on the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) properties are studied by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The calculation level is proved to be reasonable by calculating electronic spectra. The hydrogen bond parameters, infrared vibrational frequency (IR), reduction density gradient (RDG) isosurface, topological analysis and potential energy curves of SNCN derivatives in ground state (S0) and the first excited state (S1) are analyzed. According to theoretical research results, ESIPT reaction has a higher likelihood of occurring in the S1 state. Moreover, the ESIPT reaction becomes more challenging to occur with the number of conjugated C=C bonds rising. Finally, the analyses of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), dipole moment and charge transfer transition confirm that the ICT effect is aided by the increased number of conjugated C=C bonds. This work indicates that the number of conjugated C=C bonds can regulate the ESIPT and ICT processes, which provides guidance for the study of fluorescent groups with similar characteristics.
The study of exciton polarons has offered profound insights into the many-body interactions between bosonic excitations and their immersed Fermi sea within layered heterostructures. However, little is known about the properties of exciton polarons with interlayer interactions. Here, through magneto-optical reflectance contrast measurements, we experimentally investigate interlayer Fermi polarons for 2s excitons in WSe2/graphene heterostructures, where the excited exciton states (2s) in the WSe2 layer are dressed by free charge carriers of the adjacent graphene layer in the Landau quantization regime. First, such a system enables an optical detection of integer and fractional quantum Hall states (e.g., ν = ±1/3, ±2/3) of monolayer graphene. Furthermore, we observe that the 2s state evolves into two distinct branches, denoted as attractive and repulsive polarons, when graphene is doped out of the incompressible quantum Hall gaps. Our work paves the way for the understanding of the excited composite quasiparticles and Bose-Fermi mixtures.
This work investigates the different charge transfer characteristics and excited state intramolecular proton transfer process (ESIPT) of 2'-aminochalcones derivatives carrying different electron-withdrawing groups. Four new molecules are designed in the experiment and named as 2c, 3c, 4c and 5c, respectively. (Dyes and Pigments, 2022, 202.) Based on these four molecules, the effect of substituents on the ESIPT process and the charge transfer process are discussed in detail in our work. According to the study of the related parameters at the hydrogen bond site, infrared vibration spectrum, interaction region indicator isosurface (IRI) and scatter plots, it is concluded that the hydrogen bond interaction is enhanced under photoexcitation, and the descending order of the excited state hydrogen bond strength is 3c > 5c > 4c > 2c. The hydrogen bond energy is calculated by atoms in moleculs (AIM) topological analysis and core-valence bifurcation (CVB) index. The potential energy curve reveals the ESIPT mechanism. Frontier molecular orbital and electron-hole analyses explain the reasons for the changes in the ESIPT process at the electronic level. In addition, the ionization potentials (IPa and IPv), affinity energies (EAa and EAv) and reorganization energies are calculated to evaluate the potential application value of organic molecules in material transport field.
Antimicrobial drugs have made outstanding contributions to the treatment of pathogenic infections. However, the emergence of drug resistance continues to be a major threat to human health in recent years, and therefore, the search for novel antimicrobial drugs is particularly urgent. With a deeper understanding of microbial habits and drug resistance mechanisms, various creative strategies for the development of novel antibiotics have been proposed. Stilbenoids, characterized by a C6-C2-C6 carbon skeleton, have recently been widely recognized for their flexible antimicrobial roles. Here, we comprehensively summarize the mode of action of stilbenoids from the viewpoint of their direct antimicrobial properties, antibiofilm and antivirulence activities and their role in reversing drug resistance. This review will provide an important reference for the future development and research into the mechanisms of stilbenoids as antimicrobial agents.
Metaphor and simile, two prevalent forms of figurative language widely employed in daily communication, serve as significant research subjects in linguistics. The Career of Metaphor Theory in cognitive linguistics posits that as conventionality increases, the cognitive mechanisms of metaphor comprehension shift from "comparison" to "categorization." In line with this notion, prior electrophysiological investigations have revealed that novel metaphors elicit a stronger N400 brain response compared to conventional metaphors. However, the observed N400 difference between conventional and novel metaphors may merely stem from the familiarity contrast between them, as conventional metaphors are typically more familiar than novel ones. To address this dichotomy, the present study not only compared the N400 responses between conventional and novel metaphors but also between conventional and novel similes. While conventional and novel similes differ in familiarity, similar to conventional and novel metaphors, both are processed via "comparison" mechanisms. The results revealed that novel metaphors elicited larger N400 amplitudes compared to conventional metaphors, aligning with previous findings. In contrast, no significant N400 differences were observed between conventional and novel similes, suggesting that familiarity disparity is unlikely to account for N400 distinctions. Our findings imply that conventional and novel metaphors undergo distinct cognitive processing mechanisms ("comparison" versus "categorization"), thereby providing further empirical validation for the Career of Metaphor Theory.
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) has nurtured a rich diversity of species because of its unique geographical and environmental conditions. Gymnocypris species (subfamily Schizopygopsinae) are primitive fishes that live in the special environment of the plateau, and their evolution and distribution are inseparable from the historical changes of the QTP. Recently, the resources of Gymnocypris species have been decreasing due to habit deterioration and the intensification of human activities. Therefore, the scientific conservation of the genetic resources of Gymnocypris species is urgently required. In this study, we established two models for the priority conservation assessment of germplasm resources of Gymnocypris species on the basis of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 674 individuals from eight Gymnocypris species populations. The results show that the Gymnocypris potanini (GPO), Gymnocypris eckloni (GE), and Gymnocypris przewalskii (GPR) populations are the most genetically diverse in terms of combined genetic diversity values and should be prioritized for conservation. In terms of genetic contribution, the GPO, GE, and GPR populations have a positive impact on maintaining the distinctiveness and diversity of the entire Gymnocypris species population and should be prioritized for conservation. However, in terms of different evolutionary clades, the Gymnocypris namensis, Gymnocypris waddellii, Gymnocypris dobula, and GE populations in clade A should be given priority for protection, the GE population in clade B should be given priority, and the GPR population in clade C should be given priority. In conclusion, the two models and assessment of conservation priorities will provide a scientific basis for the conservation of Gymnocypris species.
Excited state double proton transfer (ESDPT) has attracted great scientific interest because of its excellent luminescent properties. However, the complex process of ESDPT has plagued theoretical and experimental scientists for a long time and has become a hot issue. In this work, the ESDPT process of 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diol-5,5'-dicarboxylic acid ethyl ester (BP(OH)2DCEt2) is systematically studied and the regulation of the ESDPT process is further realized. The potential energy curves indicate that BP(OH)2DCEt2 shows the characteristics of stepwise ESDPT in different polar solvents. The increase in solvent polarity will be beneficial to the stepwise ESDPT reaction. Regrettably, it is not possible to distinguish the specific stepwise transfer path of the BP(OH)2DCEt2 molecule due to the symmetry of the potential energy surface along the diagonal. On this basis, we proposed a method to control and regulate the stepwise ESDPT path using an external electric field. The results show that the increase of external electric field intensity is favorable to stepwise ESDPT. It is interesting to note that applying an external electric field in a specific direction will effectively distinguish stepwise ESDPT reaction paths. Therefore, this work not only helps to understand the mechanism of ESDPT, but also contributes to regulation and design of new luminescent materials with excellent luminescent properties.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) shape tumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. However, it is poorly understood whether and how post-translational modifications (PTMs) intrinsically affect the phenotype and function of TAMs. Here, we reveal that peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) exhibits the highest expression among common PTM enzymes in TAMs and negatively correlates with the clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PAD4 in macrophages prevents tumor progression in tumor-bearing mouse models, accompanied by an increase in macrophage major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression and T cell effector function. Mechanistically, PAD4 citrullinates STAT1 at arginine 121, thereby promoting the interaction between STAT1 and protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), and the loss of PAD4 abolishes this interaction, ablating the inhibitory role of PIAS1 in the expression of MHC class II machinery in macrophages and enhancing T cell activation. Thus, the PAD4-STAT1-PIAS1 axis is an immune restriction mechanism in macrophages and may serve as a cancer immunotherapy target.
Hydrolases , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Mice , Animals , Protein-Arginine Deiminases/metabolism , Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4/genetics , Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4/metabolism , Hydrolases/metabolism , Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism , Macrophages/metabolism
Bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) causes a wide variety of diseases in wild and domestic cattle. The most widely used method for viral identification is real-time PCR, which can only be performed in laboratories using sophisticated instruments by expert personnel. Herein, we developed an ultrasensitive time-resolved fluorescence lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (ICS) assay for detecting BoHV-1 in bovine samples using a monoclonal antibody against BoHV-1 labelled with fluorescent microspheres, which can be applied in any setting. The intact process from sample collection to final result can be achieved in 15 min. The limit of detection of the assay for BoHV-1 was 102 TCID50/100 µL. The coincidence rate of the ICS method and real-time PCR recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) was 100% for negative, 92.30% for positive, and 95.42% for total, as evaluated by the detection of 131 clinical samples. This detection method was specifically targeted to BoHV-1, not exhibiting cross-reactivity with other bovine pathogens including BoHV-5. We developed an ICS assay equipped with a portable instrument that offers a sensitive and specific platform for the rapid and reliable detection of BoHV-1 in the field. The Point-of-Care test of BoHV-1 is suitable for the screening and surveillance of BoHV-1 in dairy herds.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify whether the 3D printing model has auxiliary functions in toto extraction of donor tooth in autotransplantation cases. METHODS: Two hundred and sixty patients who would have operation of ATT were divided into two groups. In group 1, determination of the tooth extraction in toto was predicted only according to the clinical and imaging examination. In group 2, the prediction was performed according to the clinical and imaging examination as well as the 3D model of donor tooth pre-extraction. A prespctive clinical study was designed on intra-group comparison between the predicted and actual donor teeth situation when extraction in cases of ATT. The consistent rate for the predicted results and the actual results were compared with the two groups. RESULTS: A remarkable difference was observed between the predicted results and the actual results of tooth positions and root numbers in group without model (p < 0,05). The consistency rate of the model group (94.62%) was significantly higher than that of non 3D model group (86.15%) (p = 0.034). CONCLUSION: The 3D printing model for the donor tooth is helpful for dentists to predict the accuracy of toto extraction of donor teeth in autotransplantation cases.
Quinolinium Compounds , Surgery, Computer-Assisted , Thiazoles , Tooth , Humans , Transplantation, Autologous/methods , Surgery, Computer-Assisted/methods , Tooth Extraction , Printing, Three-Dimensional
DExD/H-box helicases are crucial regulators of RNA metabolism and antiviral innate immune responses; however, their role in bacteria-induced inflammation remains unclear. Here, we report that DDX5 interacts with METTL3 and METTL14 to form an m6A writing complex, which adds N6-methyladenosine to transcripts of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, promoting their decay via YTHDF2-mediated RNA degradation, resulting in reduced expression of TLR2/4. Upon bacterial infection, DDX5 is recruited to Hrd1 at the endoplasmic reticulum in an MyD88-dependent manner and is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This process disrupts the DDX5 m6A writing complex and halts m6A modification as well as degradation of TLR2/4 mRNAs, thereby promoting the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and downstream NF-κB activation. The role of DDX5 in regulating inflammation is also validated in vivo, as DDX5- and METTL3-KO mice exhibit enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings show that DDX5 acts as a molecular switch to regulate inflammation during bacterial infection and shed light on mechanisms of quiescent inflammation during homeostasis.
Adenine , Bacterial Infections , Toll-Like Receptor 2 , Animals , Mice , Adenine/analogs & derivatives , Inflammation/genetics , Methyltransferases/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
4-Aminophthalimide is a highly fluorescent signaling unit with excellent photophysical properties and wide application foregrounds. Based on this, a range of theoretical investigations are conducted on the fluorescent probe (E)-5-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino) isoindoline-1, 3-dione (HID) with the core of 4-aminophthalimide using density functional theory (DFT) and time-containing density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods in this paper. The optimized configurations, vertical excitation and emission energies, electronic characteristics and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) behaviors of the probe HID are discussed in detail. Furthermore, to enhance the luminescent properties of HID, five novel compounds have been designed based on the structure of HID by introducing amino, methoxy and naphthalene groups (-NH2, -OMe and C10H8). Our work thoroughly explores how the property and position of substituents and conjugation affect photophysical characteristics and ESIPT processes. We find that the ESIPT dynamics can be modulated by the substitution and conjugation effects. Specifically, the introduction of amino and methoxy groups at the ortho-position and the introduction of the naphthalene group promote the ESIPT behavior of HID1, whereas the introduction of amino and methoxy groups at the meta-position exhibits the contrary impact. Therefore, we boldly infer that the introduction of electron-donating groups in the ortho-position and the introduction of the conjugated group make the ESIPT process more effortless to occur, whereas the introduction of substituents with opposing natures in the meta-position makes the ESIPT process more difficult to occur. In addition, the ionization potentials (IP), electron affinities (EA) and reorganization energies (λh and λe) of molecules are calculated to assess their potential as luminescent materials. Our work not only reveals the luminescence and ESIPT mechanism of the probe HID1, but also proposes to modulate the ESIPT process through the substitution and conjugation effects. In particular, the designed molecules have better photoelectric properties as a result of their red-shifted absorption and fluorescence spectra, smaller energy gaps, larger transferred charges and greater charge transferred distances, which offers some valuable ideas for the experimental development of more efficient organic luminescent materials with ESIPT properties.
Licochalcone A (LCA) is a characteristic compound of Glycyrrhiza inflata with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities. However, G. inflata produces LCA in low quantities that does not meet the market demand. In this study, we found that DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacitidine (5-azaC) successfully improved the LCA contents in G. inflata seedlings. Transcriptome analysis revealed a series of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including transcription factors such as MYB, ERF, WRKY, and some structural genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis. However, whole genome bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) results showed little effect of the 5-azaC treatment on the alteration of DNA methylation on these genes, indicating the possibility that 5-azaC acts as a stimulus, but not an epigenetic modulation factor to improve the LCA content in G. inflata. Additionally, we applied the 5-azaC treatment to field plants and hairy roots and successfully increased the LCA contents in both cases. This research demonstrates the feasibility of 5-azaC treatments in future applications to improve plant production of LCA.
Chalcones , Glycyrrhiza , Glycyrrhiza/chemistry , Glycyrrhiza/genetics , Azacitidine , Chalcones/pharmacology , Cytosine
Complement component 3d (C3d), the final cleavage product of complement component C3, interacts with CR2 and thus plays a crucial role in linking the innate and adaptive immune systems. Additionally, human C3d executes various functions in its dimeric form, which is more effective than its monomeric form. In this study, we aimed to explored whether chicken C3d (chC3d) exhibits similar characteristics, namely dimerization and binding of dimeric chC3d to chicken CR2 (chCR2). We investigated the interaction and co-localization of chC3d with itself using coimmunoprecipitation and confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively. Then, dimeric chC3d was detected using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting, and its equilibrium dissociation constant KD (827 nM) was determined using surface plasmon resonance. Finally, the interaction modes of dimeric chC3d were identified using molecular docking simulations, which revealed that dimeric chC3d could crosslink with chCR2 receptor. Overall, our findings will facilitate future explorations of the chicken complement system.
Complement C3d , Receptors, Complement 3d , Animals , Humans , Receptors, Complement 3d/chemistry , Receptors, Complement 3d/metabolism , Chickens , Molecular Docking Simulation , Immunologic Factors , Receptors, Complement
The reprogramming of lipid metabolism serves an important role in occurrence and development of liver cancer. Fatty acid hydroxylase domain containing 2 (FAXDC2) is a hydroxylase involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and sphingomyelin and downregulated in various types of cancer. There are no reports on the relationship between FAXDC2 and liver carcinogenesis. The present study used multiple portals and publicly available tools to explore its correlation with liver cancer. The results showed that the expression of FAXDC2 decreased in liver cancer and the methylation level near the promoter increased. Patients with liver cancer and with low expression of FAXDC2 had a poor prognosis. Gain of function and loss of function strategies were performed to evaluate its roles in liver cancer cells. CCK-8 assay showed that overexpression of FAXDC2 inhibited the viability of liver cancer cells (HepG2). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that HepG2 cells with overexpressing FAXDC2 showed an S phase arrest, associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 2 decreased. Transwell experiments showed that increasing FAXDC2 inhibited HepG2 cell invasion ability, accompanied by the upregulation of E-cadherin. Notably, knockdown of FAXDC2 had no significant effect on cell cycle and invasion functions. Based on the cBioPortal platform, FAXDC2 was predicted to closely correlate to the ERK signal in tumorigenesis. Western blotting results showed that overexpression of FAXDC2 decreased the phosphorylation level of ERK in liver cancer cells. The present study first identified FAXDC2 as a liver cancer suppressor, which might inhibit the proliferation and invasion of liver cancer cells through the mechanism associated with ERK signaling. The present study provided a possible new target for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.
Ankyrin repeat and suppression-of-cytokine-signaling box (Asb) proteins, a subset of ubiquitin ligase E3, include Asb5 with six ankyrin-repeat domains. Zebrafish harbor two asb5 gene isoforms, asb5a and asb5b. Currently, the effects of asb5 gene inactivation on zebrafish embryonic development and heart function are unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated asb5a-knockout zebrafish, revealing no abnormal phenotypes at 48 h post-fertilization (hpf). In situ hybridization showed similar asb5a and asb5b expression patterns, indicating the functional redundancy of these isoforms. Morpholino interference was used to target asb5b in wild-type and asb5a-knockout zebrafish. Knocking down asb5b in the wild-type had no phenotypic impact, but simultaneous asb5b knockdown in asb5a-knockout homozygotes led to severe pericardial cavity enlargement and atrial dilation. RNA-seq and cluster analyses identified significantly enriched cardiac muscle contraction genes in the double-knockout at 48 hpf. Moreover, semi-automatic heartbeat analysis demonstrated significant changes in various heart function indicators. STRING database/Cytoscape analyses confirmed that 11 cardiac-contraction-related hub genes exhibited disrupted expression, with three modules containing these genes potentially regulating cardiac contractile function through calcium ion channels. This study reveals functional redundancy in asb5a and asb5b, with simultaneous knockout significantly impacting zebrafish early heart development and contraction, providing key insights into asb5's mechanism.
Zebrafish Proteins , Zebrafish , Animals , Zebrafish/metabolism , Zebrafish Proteins/genetics , Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism , Muscle Contraction , Organogenesis , Protein Isoforms/metabolism
We report the enhanced experimental measurement of tiny rotational angles using two conjugate OAM modes upon rotation of a Dove prism. The two conjugate OAM modes interfere in a petal-like pattern and the orientation of the pattern depends on the phase difference between the two modes. We propose an accurate method of digital image processing to measure the tiny rotational angles of the Dove prism. In the presence of an imperfect pattern and light path, the measurement precision was enhanced by a factor of l. This scheme has potential applications in high-precision sensing and monitoring of tiny rotation angles.
IMPORTANCE: Bacillus and Clostridium spores cause food spoilage and disease because of spores' dormancy and resistance to microbicides. However, when spores "come back to life" in germination, their resistance properties are lost. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of spore germination could facilitate the development of "germinate to eradicate" strategies. One germination feature is the memory of a pulsed germinant stimulus leading to greater germination following a second pulse. Recent observations of increases in spore binding of the potentiometric dye thioflavin-T early in their germination of spores led to the suggestion that increasing electrochemical potential is how spores "remember" germinant pulses. However, new work finds no increased thioflavin-T binding in the physiological germination of Coatless spores or of intact spores germinating with dodecylamine, even though spore memory is seen in both cases. Thus, using thioflavin-T uptake by germinating spores to assess the involvement of electrochemical potential in memory of germinant exposure, as suggested recently, is questionable.
Bacillus , Spores, Bacterial , Clostridium
Adulteration of higher priced milks with cheaper ones to obtain extra profit can adversely affect consumer health and the market. In this study, pure buffalo milk (BM), goat milk (GM), camel milk (CM), and their mixtures with 5-50% (vol/vol) cow milk or water were used. Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) combined with modern statistical machine learning was used for the discrimination and quantification of cow milk or water adulteration in BM, GM, and CM. Compared to partial least squares (PLS), modern statistical machine learning-especially support vector machines (SVM), projection pursuit regression (PPR), and Bayesian regularized neural networks (BRNN)-exhibited superior performance for the detection of adulteration. The best prediction models for the different predictive traits are as follows: The binary classification models developed by SVM resulted in differentiation of CM-cow milk, and GM/CM-water mixtures. PLS resulted in differentiation of BM/GM-cow milk and BM-water mixtures. All of the above models have 100% classification accuracy. SVM was used to develop multi-classification models for identifying the high and low proportions of cow milk in BM, GM, and CM, as well as the high and low proportions of water adulteration in BM and GM, with correct classification rates of 94%, 100%, 100%, 99%, and 100%, respectively. In addition, a PLS-based model was developed for identifying the high and low proportions of water adulteration in CM, with correct classification rates of 100%. A regression model for quantifying cow milk in BM was developed using PCA + BRNN, with RMSEV = 5.42%, and RV2 = 0.88. A regression model for quantifying water adulteration in BM was developed using PCA + PPR, with RMSEV = 1.70%, and RV2 = 0.99. Modern statistical machine learning improved the accuracy of MIRS in predicting BM, GM, and CM adulteration more effectively than PLS.
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance (IR) in hepatocytes endangers human health, and frequently results in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Research on m6A methylation of RNA molecules has gained popularity in recent years; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating the processes of m6A modification and IR are not known. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme system, which is mainly found in the liver, is associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, few studies have been conducted on CYP450 related m6A methylation. Here, we investigated the role of the methyltransferase METTL3 in exacerbating IR in hepatocytes, mainly focusing on the regulation of m6A modifications in CYP2B6. METHODS AND RESULTS: Analysis using dot blot and epitranscriptomic chips revealed that the m6A modification pattern of the transcriptome in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced fatty liver and free fatty acid (FFA)-induced fatty hepatocytes showed significant changes. CYP450 family members, especially Cyp2b10, whose homolog in humans is CYP2B6, led to a noticeable increase in m6A levels in HFD-induced mice livers. Application of the METTL3 methyltransferase inhibitor, STM2457, increased the level of insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. We then analyzed the role of METTL3 in regulating m6A modification of CYP2B6 in hepatocytes. METTL3 regulated the m6A modification of CYP2B6, and a positive correlation was found between the levels of CYP2B6 translation and m6A modifications. Furthermore, interference with METTL3 expression and exposure to STM2457 inhibited METTL3 activity, which in turn interfered with the phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate (pIRS)-glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) insulin signaling pathway; overexpression of CYP2B6 hindered IRS phosphorylation and translocation of GLUT2 to membranes, which ultimately exacerbated IR. CONCLUSION: These findings offer unique insights into the role that METTL3-mediated m6A modifications of CYP2B6 play in regulating insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes and provide key information for the development of strategies to induce m6A modifications for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.
