Pain Comorbidities with Attention Deficit: A Narrative Review of Clinical and Preclinical Research.

A negative correlation exists between attention and pain. The cognitive impairments linked to pain can significantly impede a patient's healing process and everyday tasks, particularly for individuals experiencing persistent pain. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that diversion can effectively decrease pain levels in individuals. The focus of this review is to analyze clinical trials and fundamental investigations regarding alterations in focus and persistent discomfort. Moreover, we investigated the common neuroanatomy associated with attention and pain. Furthermore, we examined the impact of various neuromodulators on the transmission of pain and processes related to attention, while also considering the potential neural mechanisms that contribute to the co-occurrence of pain and attention deficits. Further investigation in this field will enhance our comprehension of patient symptoms and the underlying pathophysiology, ultimately resulting in more objective approaches to treatment.

Taxonomic notes on the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichini), with descriptions of three new species.

A total of eleven species and two subspecies are recognized within the Chinese endemic genus Straneostichus Sciaky, 1994 (Carabidae: Pterostichini), including three new species described in the present paper: Straneostichus politus sp. nov. (Sichuan: Wolong), Straneostichus liupanensis sp. nov. (Ningxia: Liupanshan) and Straneostichus ganqingensis sp. nov. (Qinghai: Mengda and Gansu: Dangchang). Taxonomical notes and new distribution records for all the known species are provided, along with an updated key to the species of Straneostichus.

Revision of the Chinese species of subgenus Koreonialoe (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Pterostichus), with descriptions of two new species.

The Chinese species of subgenus Koreonialoe Park & Kwon, 1996 of the genus Pterostichus are revised, including four species from the eastern part of Jilin and Liaoning provinces. Two new species are described: Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) micropoidessp. nov. (type locality: Jilin, Changbai county), and Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) tetralobatussp. nov. (type locality: Liaoning, Xiuyan county). Pterostichus (Koreonialoe) bellatrix (Tschitschérine) is newly recorded from China (Jilin). The subgenus Koreonialoe is classified into two groups on account of their differences on the endophallus, and all Chinese species accord with the microps group defined herein. A key to all six species in the microps group is provided.

Four new species and two new records of genus Zeugophora (Coleoptera, Megalopodidae, Zeugophorinae) from China.

Four new species of the subgenus Pedrillia Westwood, 1864 are described from southwest and central China: Zeugophora (Pedrillia) euonymorumsp. nov., Zeugophora (Pedrillia) flavithoraxsp. nov., Zeugophora (Pedrillia) trifasciatasp. nov. and Zeugophora (Pedrillia) yuaesp. nov. Two species are recorded for the first time in China and redescribed: Zeugophora (Zeugophora) turneri Power, 1863 and Zeugophora (Pedrillia) nigricollis Jacoby, 1885. To date, a total of 35 Zeugophorinae species has been recognized in China.

Genetic profiling of primary and secondary tumors from patients with lung adenocarcinoma and bone metastases reveals targeted therapy options.

BACKGROUND: Patients newly diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with bone metastases (LABM) have poor survival rates after treatment with conventional therapies. To improve outcomes, we retrospectively investigated whether the application of a more comprehensive genetic test of tumor biopsies samples from LABM patients could provide the basis for treatment with more effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) regimens. METHODS: Fine needle biopsies were taken from the primary tumor (PT) and a secondary bone metastasis (BM) of 17 LABM patients before treatment. Simple genetic profiles for selecting therapies were initially obtained using an ARMS-PCR test for EGFR and ALK fusion mutations. More detailed genetic profiles of somatic exon SNVs and CNVs in 457 cancer-related genes were retrospectively derived using capture single molecule amplification and resequencing technology (capSMART). RESULTS: ARMS-PCR identified 14 EGFR positive, 3 EGFR negative and 1 ALK fusion positive patient. A therapy regimen incorporating TKIs Gefitinib and Crizotinib was offered to the EGFR and ALK fusion positive patients, respectively. With the exception of two patients, molecular profiling of matching PT and BM biopsies identified a highly shared somatic variant fingerprint, although the BMs exhibited additional genomic instability. In six of 13 EGFR positive patients and in all three EGFR negative patients, examination of the genetic profiles identified additional clinically significant mutations that are known or experimental drug targets for treatment of lung cancer. CONCLUSION: Our findings firstly suggest that treatment regimens based on comprehensive genetic assessment of newly diagnosed LABM patients should target both the PT and secondary BMs, including rogue clones with potential to form new BMs. Second, the additional information gained should allow clinicians to design and implement more personalized treatment regimens and potentially improve outcomes for LABM patients.

Biomarkers and potential pathogenesis of colorectal cancer-related ischemic stroke.

AIM: To investigate the specific biomarkers and potential pathogenesis of colorectal cancer-related ischemic stroke (CRCIS). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on CRCIS patients (colorectal cancer patients with ischemic stroke without conventional stroke risk factors) registered at seven centers between January 2007 and December 2017. Clinical data and laboratory and imaging findings were compared with age- and sex- matched patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) without ischemic stroke that were admitted to the same hospital during the same period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the independent risk factors for CRCIS. A receiver operator characteristic curve was configured to calculate the optimal cut-off value of the products of the independent risk factors for CRCIS. RESULTS: A total of 114 CRCIS patients and 114 CRC patients were included. Multiple lesions in multiple vascular territories were common in CRCIS patients (71, 62.28%). The levels of plasma D-dimer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in CRCIS patients than in CRC patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma D-dimer levels [odds ratio (OR) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.001-1.003, P < 0.001], CEA levels (OR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.006-1.015, P < 0.001), and neutrophil count levels (OR = 1.626, 95%CI: 1.268-2.087, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CRCIS. In addition, receiver operator characteristic curve revealed that the area under curve for the products of plasma D-dimer, CEA, and neutrophil count was 0.889 ± 0.022 (95%CI: 0.847-0.932, P < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value for the product was 252.06, which was called the CRCIS Index, with a sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 79.8%. CONCLUSION: Hypercoagulability induced by elevated CEA and neutrophils may be an important cause of CRCIS. The CRCIS index, which serves as a biomarker of CRCIS, needs further study.

The thoracic morphology of cave-dwelling and free-living ground beetles from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae).

External and internal thoracic structures of two carabid species (Trechini) were examined and documented with different techniques. The study has a main focus on the eyeless cave-dwelling specialist Sinaphaenops wangorum, but detailed information is also provided for a species occurring in cave entrances. The phylogenetic background of the structural features of the thoracic skeletomuscular system was addressed. The thoracic morphology of the examined species was compared to conditions observed in previously studied carabids and non-related subterranean leiodids (Staphylinoidea) in order to identify cave adaptations. Main thoracic character complexes linked with cavernicolous habits in Trechini are elongation of the pro- and mesothorax and the legs, and a complete and irreversible reduction of the flight apparatus. The lost flight capacity is linked with a far reaching modification of skeletal elements of the metathorax including a strongly shortened and simplified metanotum, a shortened metaventrite, and completely reduced wings and sclerites of the wing base. The elongate prothorax together with the long and slender head and elongated legs distinctly increases the activity range in the subterranean lightless environment, which likely facilitates foraging of the carnivorous beetles. Some of the observed features like wing loss and elongation of the anterior thorax and legs are also found in some cave-dwelling Leiodidae (Leptodirini), whereas some other subterranean members of the staphylinoid family have a compact body and legs of normal length. In contrast to the predaceous Trechini, Leptodirini are scavengers.

[Clinical outcomes of intravascular ultrasound in guiding the treatment of non-left main intermediate coronary lesions for patients with acute coronary syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) in guiding the treatment of non-left main intermediate coronary lesions for patients of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS: A total of 25 patients with intermediate coronary lesions(stenosis of 40%-70%) confirmed by coronary angiography were performed with IVUS. When MLA≥4 mm2, we deferred the PCI treatment and performed optimal medical treatment (OMT). The patient were followed up for 12 month. The primary outcome was target vessel revascularization (TVR) and secondary outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs). RESULTS: A total of 25 lesions of 25 patients were examined by IVUS. 19(76%) lesions were attenuated plaque, 4(16%)were echo-lucent plaque, 2(8%) were calcified plaque. Most of the plaque (18/25, 72%) were eccentric. Positive remodeling was found in 20(80%) lesions and negative remodeling in 5(20%) lesions with meanremodeling index of 1.17=0.15. Thrombus was found in 1 case, accounting for 4%. The diameter stenosis, area stenosis, minimal lumen area and the reference diameter mea-sured by IVUS were larger than those measured by quantitative coronary angiography (all P<0.05). One patient with non-ST segment elevated myocardiac infarction was performed revascularization because MI attacked again, and 2 patients with Unstable angina were treated with OMT but they were still rehospitalization because of angina occurred repeatedly. The incidence of TVR was 4.00%, so as 16.00% of MACE. CONCLUSION: IVUS can be used to guide the treatment of non-left main intermediate coronary lesions for patients of acute coronary syndrome.

Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events and Bleeding in Patients With Prasugrel Versus Clopidogrel.

The use of prasugrel in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been associated with decreased major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) compared with clopidogrel but with an increased risk of bleeding. However, it remains unclear if the risks of bleeding outweigh those of MACEs in patients on prasugrel treatment. We systematically reviewed randomized controlled trials comparing prasugrel with clopidogrel in patients with CAD. We performed a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases from inception to November 25, 2014, and reviewed the reference lists of retrieved articles. A comparative estimate was made for the combined rates of MACEs and bleeding from the same trials in the framework of this meta-analysis and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in both random- and fixed-effects models. Nine studies involving 25,214 patients were included in our meta-analysis. In both the random- and fixed-effects models, the risks of MACEs outweighed those of major bleeding (OR 7.48, 95% CI 3.75 to 14.94, p <0.0001, random effects) and of minor bleeding (OR 3.77, 95% CI 1.73 to 8.22, p = 0.009, random effects). Results were corroborated in a standard-dose clopidogrel subgroup analysis (OR 7.46, 95% CI 3.54 to 15.68, p <0.0001, and OR 6.44, 95% CI 2.80 to 14.80, p <0.0001, random effects, respectively). In conclusion, despite the increased risk of bleeding associated with prasugrel treatment compared with clopidogrel, the risk of MACEs far outweighed the risk of bleeding.

[Luminescence of Sr2Mg(BO3)2:Tb3+ under vacuum ultraviolet excitation].

The phosphors of Tb3+ activated Sr2 Mg(B03)2 were prepared by high temperature solid-state reaction technique. The phase purity was characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The luminescence properties in VUV-Vis range as well as the decay curves were investigated. The results demonstrate that the band near 178 nm in the VUTV excitation spectra is ascribed to the host-related absorption. The bands of lowest spin-allowed and spin-forbidden f--d transition are located at 235 and 278 nm, respectively. The strongest emission is at 543 nm upon 172 nm excitation and with the color coordinate (0.30, 0.45). The decay time is about 2.8 ms.