[Target organs involvement in arterial hypertension. The role of heredity and environment (study of twins)]. / Porazhenie organov-mishenei pri arterial'noi gipertonii. Rol' nasledstvennosti i sredy (bliznetsovoe issledovanie).

AIM: To elucidate relationship between hereditary and environmental factors in development of target organ damage in hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The state of myocardium, central nervous system, blood vessels (including funduscopic examination) was assessed in 64 pairs of mono- and dizygous hypertensive twins (mean age 57.2+/-3.2 years) and clinical and genetic analysis of qualitative and quantitative signs was carried out. RESULTS: Hypertensive twins had similar qualitative features of target organs involvement irrespective of duration of hypertension. Concordance of signs of target organ damage in homozygous twins was more than twice higher than that of same signs in dizygous twin pairs. Left ventricular myocardial mass and intima-media thickness were mainly determined by hereditary factors. Their contribution into overall phenotypic variability of a sign exceeded 70%.

[The role of heredity and environment in formation of 24-hour blood pressure profile in patients with hypertension (a study of twins)]. / Rol' nasledstvennosti i sredy v formirovanii sutochnogo profilia arterial'nogo davleniia u bol'nykh arterial'noi gipertoniei (bliznetsovoe issledovanie).

Twenty four hour blood pressure monitoring was carried out in 64 sex concordant pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic hypertensive twins (mean age 52.7-/+3.2 years). Clinico-genetic analysis of quantitative parameters showed that during day awake time systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures were mainly determined by environmental factors while pulse pressure and heart rate were predominantly affected by genetic factors. Formation of parameters of variability of blood pressure and its biphasic rhythm were under the influence of random (intrafamily) environmental factors.

[Botox in children with cerebral palsy and triceps syndrome]. / Botoks pri tritseps-sindrome u detei s tserebral'nym paralichom.

Botulinum toxin (botox) therapy was used in the children with cerebral palsy. Nine children, aged 3-6 years, with "triceps-syndrome" domination in a clinical picture, have been examined and treated. Control group included 9 children who have not been treated with botox. A three-week rehabilitation course has been prescribed to all the patients. Children treated by botulinum toxin injections performed better back of the foot bending, some electroneuromyographical indices being also optimized. The results obtained imply a use of botox for treatment of children with spastic forms of cerebral palsy.

[Outpatient care of young invalids with locomotor defects]. / Opyt dispanserizatsii invalidov molodogo vozrasta s narusheniiami oporno-dvigatel'nogo apparata.

AIM: The study of somatic health in patients with locomotor defects (infantile cerebral paralysis, meningoencephalocele, myodystrophy) to reveal abnormalities in function of the principal systems and organs of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The examination covered 93 students of Moscow institute for invalids suffering from locomotor defects (mean age 18.2 +/- 0.1 years). Clinical, laboratory, instrumental tests, ultrasound investigation of the viscera and heart, gynecological functional tests were made. RESULTS: Defects were found almost in all the essential systems of the body in the majority of the invalids. The changes revealed were both functional and organic. Relevant correction was needed. Affection of the somatic organs impaired adaptation, resulted in still worse conditions for learning. Attendant somatic diseases aggravated the underlying disease. CONCLUSION: Visceral affections in patients with locomotor defects aggravate the underlying disease and provoke more severe disability. Poor rehabilitation results lead to defective social adaptation. The authors propose introduction of special therapeutic programs for primary and secondary prophylaxis of somatic lesions in invalids with locomotor affections. Further study of somatic status of invalids is thought valid.

[Analysis of the interaction of genotypic and paratypic factors in the development of maxillo-dental anomalies in ontogeny]. / Analiz vzaimodeistviia geno- i paratipicheskikh faktorov v formirovanii zubocheliustnykh anomalii v ontogeneticheskom aspekte.

Component analysis of total phenotypic variance was used to analyze data on 80 pairs of twins aged 3 to 18 years, examined in the Stupino outpatient dental clinic, Moscow oblast. Genotypic and environmental factors are shown to play different roles in the development of abnormalities of teeth, dental arches, and occlusion at different ontogenetic periods of deciduous, mixed, and permanent dentition. Periods when paratypic factors prevailed were revealed. This made it possible to identity periods when prophylaxis and orthodontic treatment are the most advisable.

[The relative role of hereditary and environmental factors in the formation of the maxillodental system]. / Sootnositel'naia rol' nasledstvennykh i sredovykh faktorov v formirovanii zubocheliustnoi sistemy.

The contribution of hereditary and environmental factors to the formation of maxillodental abnormalities in the ontogenetic aspect was analyzed using a twin model. A total of 80 twin pairs aged 3 to 18 were examined. The results permitted the authors define the age periods favorable for therapeutic and prophylactic measures in children with abnormalities of the teeth, dentition, and occlusion. Effects of sex dimorphism on the parameters of the maxillodental system at various stages of ontogenesis were studied. Sex-specific differences were found to augment with age; all the analyzed parameters in boys were superior to those in girls at the age when sex-specific factors completely exerted their effects on the maxillodental system at the period of permanent teeth occlusion.

[A clinico-genetic study of patients with congenital deformities of the jaw bones]. / Kliniko-geneticheskoe izuchenie bol'nykh s vrozhdennymi deformatsiiami cheliustnykh kostei.

Clinical and genetic examination of 78 patients, 43 of these women with jaw bone deformations aged 16 to 30, has revealed that inferior macrognathia combined with superior macrognathia were the most incident in jaw bone deformations. The share of familial cases was 23.9%, this proving a hereditary predisposition to such conditions. These data indicate an etiologic and pathogenetic heterogeneity of patients with deformations of the jaw bones.

[Detection of risk factors for hemodynamic dysadaptation under physical loading based on data from genetic studies (Part 1)]. / Vyiavleniie faktorov riska gemodinamicheskoi dezadaptatsii pri fizicheskoi nagruzke po dannym geneticheskikh issledovanii (soobshchenie 1).

Twenty-eight pairs of unisexual healthy twins were examined during exercise, on anapriline or their combination. The twin technique of calculating the additive component of blood pressure and catecholamine levels was used in each of the terms of the examination. beta-adrenoceptor blockade was found to be a highly potent environmental factor under whose influence both resting and exercise blood pressures were not provided by inheritable regulatory mechanisms. The latter resulted in tense synthetic function of the sympathoadrenal system and in disadaptation of the cardiovascular system when anapriline and exercise were used, which might serve an individual prognostic criterion of exercise tolerance.

[A clinico-genetic analysis of functional temporomandibular joint lesions in children]. / Kliniko-geneticheskii analiz funktsional'nykh porazhenii visochno-nizhnecheliustnogo sustava u detei.

The authors review the results of a clinical genealogic investigation of 130 families with children suffering from abnormalities of the temporomandibular joints presenting as recurrent subluxations and/or arthrosis. A genetic statistic study, carried out by proband Weinberg's method in sibs families, has lead the authors to a conclusion on the monogenic autosomal dominant type of inheriting the temporomandibular joint abnormalities. A high incidence of diseases due to connective tissue failure in the body (lower limb varicose veins, spinal deformations, platypodia, hernias, hemorrhoids, etc.) in the families with children suffering from temporomandibular joint abnormalities has permitted the authors regard recurrent subluxations and/or arthrosis of the temporomandibular joints as a component of the total involvement of the connective tissue.

[The antioxidant status of children with congenital cleft lip and (or) palate]. / Antioksidantnyi status detei s vrozhdennymi rasshchelinami guby i (ili) neba.

Lipid peroxidation (LPO) parameters, Schiff's bases and diene conjugates (DC), as well as endogenous antioxidant system parameters, blood serum alpha-tocopherol were examined in 22 children with cleft lips and/or palates and their parents. DC LPO processes were found intensified in both children and their parents. Various DC levels were detected in probands: normal in 4 and significantly elevated (p less than 0.001) in 18 children. A group of children with intensified LPO processes and a reduced level of endogenous antioxidant activity was distinguished, that appears to be a risk group in respect of postoperative complications and therefore is in need of adequate preoperative antioxidant correcting therapy.

[The prospects for the antenatal preventive therapy of congenital developmental defects]. / Perspektivy antenatal'noi profilakticheskoi terapii vrozhdennykh porokov razvitiia.

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital diseases using specialized and expensive enough methods and abortion in case of defect revealing are regarded today as the main approach to their control. The paper is concerned with an alternative approach lying in the preconceptional and antenatal therapy in order to arrest the occurrence of developmental abnormalities. The data on the role of vitamins in the origin of congenital defects of the neural tube as well as on possibilities of the antenatal therapy by a complex of vitamin drugs are provided.