[Fractures of the apex of the orbit in injuries of facial bones]. / Perelomy vershiny glaznitsy pri povrezhdeniiakh kostei litsa.

Thirty patients with fractures of the apex of the orbit were examined by clinical and x-ray methods. The types of fractures of facial skull bones were specified, which were aggravated by the patients state, as was the type of injuries to osseous structures participating in the formation of the orbital apex. A purposeful x-ray examination of the orbital apex in patients with injuries to facial bones helps to rule out undervaluation of the severity of injury which can be assessed only on the basis of clinical signs. Use of a modified panoramic sonography for examination of the apex of the orbit in accordance with the standard program of Sonark device for the examination of orbital nerve canals helps assess the nature of injuries to bone structures in this area.

[Free graft of a portion of the pinna with additional skin flap for filling-in defects of the nose]. / Svobodnaia peresadka chasti ushnoi rakoviny s dopolnitel'nym kozhnym loskutom pri zameshchenii iz"ianov nosa.

The authors are convinced that for a successful use of part of the auricle floor for the replacement of penetrating nose defects a complete dissection of scarry tissue around the defect is necessary. The authors propose to use part of the auricle floor with an additional skin flap dissected from its internal surface and mastoid area. The proposed method gave good results in the treatment of 4 patients with defects of the nose. The operations were successful due to its exact plan, care of the tissues and correct performing of all steps of the operation.

[Principles of treating congenital cleft lip and palate]. / Printsipy lecheniia bol'nykh s vrozhdennymi rasshchelinami guby i neba.

Six months is believed to be optimal age for primary chiloplasty; the most effective method is a combined chiloplasty after Mirault---Limberg---Obukhova---Anamenski resulting in primary union in 99% of cases. In cleft palate the operation is possible at the age of 6--7 years. The article describes specific features of the surgical treatment of clefts involving part of the hard palate, complete uni- and bilateral cleft palate and alveolar processes of maxilla.