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Background: Numerous approaches have been utilized to optimize mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) performance in treating osteoarthritis (OA), however, the constrained diminished activity and chondrogenic differentiation capacity impede their therapeutic efficacy. Previous investigations have successfully shown that pretreatment with nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) significantly enhances the chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Therefore, this study aims to explore nsPEFs as a strategy to improve OA therapy by enhancing MSCs' activity and chondrogenic differentiation and also investigate its potential mechanism. Methods: In this study, a million MSCs were carefully suspended within a 0.4-cm gap cuvette and subjected to five pulses of nsPEFs (100 ns at 10 kV/cm, 1 Hz), with a 1-s interval between each pulse. A control group of MSCs was maintained without nsPEFs treatment for comparative analysis. nsPEFs were applied to regulate the MSCs performance and hinder OA progresses. In order to further explore the corresponding mechanism, we examined the changes of MSCs transcriptome after nsPEF pretreatment. Finally, we studied the properties of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs affected by nsPEF and the therapeutic effect on OA. Results: We found that nsPEFs pretreatment promoted MSCs migration and viability, particularly enhancing their viability temporarily in vivo, which is also confirmed by mRNA sequencing analysis. It also significantly inhibited the development of OA-like chondrocytes in vitro and prevented OA progression in rat models. Additionally, we discovered that nsPEFs pretreatment reprogrammed MSC performance by enhancing EVs production (5.77 ± 0.92 folds), and consequently optimizing their therapeutic potential. Conclusions: In conclusion, nsPEFs pretreatment provides a simple and effective strategy for improving the MSCs performance and the therapeutic effects of MSCs for OA. EVs-nsPEFs may serve as a potent therapeutic material for OA and hold promise for future clinical applications. The translational potential of this article: This study indicates that MSCs pretreated by nsPEFs greatly inhibited the development of OA. nsPEFs pretreatment will be a promising and effective method to optimize the therapeutic effect of MSCs in the future.
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Degenerative orthopaedic diseases pose a notable worldwide public health issue attributable to the global aging population. Conventional medical approaches, encompassing physical therapy, pharmaceutical interventions, and surgical methods, face obstacles in halting or reversing the degenerative process. In recent times, exosome-based therapy has gained widespread acceptance and popularity as an effective treatment for degenerative orthopaedic diseases. This therapeutic approach holds the potential for "cell-free" tissue regeneration. Exosomes, membranous vesicles resulting from the fusion of intracellular multivesicles with the cell membrane, are released into the extracellular matrix. Addressing challenges such as the rapid elimination of natural exosomes in vivo and the limitation of drug concentration can be effectively achieved through various strategies, including engineering modification, gene overexpression modification, and biomaterial binding. This review provides a concise overview of the source, classification, and preparation methods of exosomes, followed by an in-depth analysis of their functions and potential applications. Furthermore, the review explores various strategies for utilizing exosomes in the treatment of degenerative orthopaedic diseases, encompassing engineering modification, gene overexpression, and biomaterial binding. The primary objective is to provide a fresh viewpoint on the utilization of exosomes in addressing bone degenerative conditions and to support the practical application of exosomes in the theranosis of degenerative orthopaedic diseases.
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Osteoarthritis (OA), known as one of the most common types of aseptic inflammation of the musculoskeletal system, is characterized by chronic pain and whole-joint lesions. With cellular and molecular changes including senescence, inflammatory alterations, and subsequent cartilage defects, OA eventually leads to a series of adverse outcomes such as pain and disability. CRISPR-Cas-related technology has been proposed and explored as a gene therapy, offering potential gene-editing tools that are in the spotlight. Considering the genetic and multigene regulatory mechanisms of OA, we systematically review current studies on CRISPR-Cas technology for improving OA in terms of senescence, inflammation, and cartilage damage and summarize various strategies for delivering CRISPR products, hoping to provide a new perspective for the treatment of OA by taking advantage of CRISPR technology.
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Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edición Génica , Inflamación , Osteoartritis , Humanos , Osteoartritis/genética , Osteoartritis/terapia , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Inflamación/genética , Edición Génica/métodos , Animales , Terapia Genética/métodos , Cartílago/metabolismo , Cartílago/patología , Senescencia Celular/genética , Cartílago Articular/patología , Cartílago Articular/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A former cohort study has raised concern regarding the unanticipated hazard of omeprazole in expediting osteoarthritis (OA) advancement. The precise nature of their causal evidence, however, remains undetermined. The present research endeavors to investigate the underlying causal link between omeprazole and OA through the application of mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS: The study incorporated the ukb-a-106 and ukb-b-14,486 datasets. The investigation of causal effects employed methodologies such as MR-Egger, Weighted median, Inverse variance weighted (IVW) with multiplicative random effects, and IVW (fixed effects). The IVW approach was predominantly considered for result interpretation. Sensitivity analysis was conducted, encompassing assessments for heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and the Leave-one-out techniques. RESULTS: The outcomes of the MR analysis indicated a causal relationship between omeprazole and OA, with omeprazole identified as a contributing risk factor for OA development (IVW model: OR = 1.2473, P < 0.01 in ukb-a-106; OR = 1.1288, P < 0.05 in ukb-b-14,486). The sensitivity analysis underscored the robustness and dependability of the above-mentioned analytical findings. CONCLUSION: This study, employing MR, reveals that omeprazole, as an exposure factor, elevates the risk of OA. Considering the drug's efficacy and associated adverse events, clinical practitioners should exercise caution regarding prolonged omeprazole use, particularly in populations with heightened OA risks. Further robust and high-quality research is warranted to validate our findings and guide clinical practice.
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Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Omeprazol , Osteoartritis , Humanos , Omeprazol/efectos adversos , Osteoartritis/genética , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biobanco del Reino UnidoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulated by various exogenous signals have been applied extensively in regenerative medicine research. Notably, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), characterized by short duration and high strength, significantly influence cell phenotypes and regulate MSCs differentiation via multiple pathways. Consequently, we used transcriptomics to study changes in messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA expression during nsPEFs application. AIM: To explore gene expression profiles and potential transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in MSCs pretreated with nsPEFs. METHODS: The impact of nsPEFs on the MSCs transcriptome was investigated through whole transcriptome sequencing. MSCs were pretreated with 5-pulse nsPEFs (100 ns at 10 kV/cm, 1 Hz), followed by total RNA isolation. Each transcript was normalized by fragments per kilobase per million. Fold change and difference significance were applied to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to elucidate gene functions, complemented by quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification. RESULTS: In total, 263 DEGs were discovered, with 92 upregulated and 171 downregulated. DEGs were predominantly enriched in epithelial cell proliferation, osteoblast differentiation, mesenchymal cell differentiation, nuclear division, and wound healing. Regarding cellular components, DEGs are primarily involved in condensed chromosome, chromosomal region, actin cytoskeleton, and kinetochore. From aspect of molecular functions, DEGs are mainly involved in glycosaminoglycan binding, integrin binding, nuclear steroid receptor activity, cytoskeletal motor activity, and steroid binding. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed targeted transcript regulation. CONCLUSION: Our systematic investigation of the wide-ranging transcriptional pattern modulated by nsPEFs revealed the differential expression of 263 mRNAs, 2 miRNAs, and 65 lncRNAs. Our study demonstrates that nsPEFs may affect stem cells through several signaling pathways, which are involved in vesicular transport, calcium ion transport, cytoskeleton, and cell differentiation.
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The use of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for promoting fracture healing has been Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved since 1994 due to largely its non-thermal effects of sound flow sound radiation force and so on. Numerous clinical and animal studies have shown that LIPUS can accelerate the healing of fresh fractures, nonunions, and delayed unions in pulse mode regardless of LIPUS devices or circumstantial factors. Rare clinical studies show limitations of LIPUS for treating fractures with intramedullary nail fixation or low patient compliance. The biological effect is achieved by regulating various cellular behaviors involving mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts and with dose dependency on LIPUS intensity and time. Specifically, LIPUS promotes the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs through the ROCK-Cot/Tpl2-MEK-ERK signaling. Osteoblasts, in turn, respond to the mechanical signal of LIPUS through integrin, angiotensin type 1 (AT1), and PIEZO1 mechano-receptors, leading to the production of inflammatory factors such as COX-2, MCP-1, and MIP-1ß fracture repair. LIPUS also induces CCN2 expression in chondrocytes thereby coordinating bone regeneration. Finally, LIPUS suppresses osteoclast differentiation and gene expression by interfering with the ERK/c-Fos/NFATc1 cascade. This mini-review revisits the known effects and mechanisms of LIPUS on bone fracture healing and strengthens the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms.
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Fracturas Óseas , Terapia por Ultrasonido , Animales , Humanos , Curación de Fractura/fisiología , Osteogénesis , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Canales IónicosRESUMEN
Upcoding in Medicare has been a topic of interest to economists and policy makers for nearly 40 years. While upcoding is generally understood as "billing for services at higher level of complexity than the service actually pro- vided or documented," it has a wide range of definitions within the literature. This is largely because the financial incentives across programs and aspects under the coding control of billing specialists and providers are different, and have evolved substantially over time, as has the published literature. Arguably, the primary importance of analyzing upcoding in different parts of Medicare is to inform policy makers on the magnitude of the process and to suggest approaches to mitigate the level of upcoding. Financial estimates for upcoding in traditional Medicare (Medicare Parts A and B), are highly variable, in part reflecting differences in methodology for each of the services covered. To resolve this variability, we used summaries of audit data from the Comprehensive Error Rate Testing program for the period 2010-2019. This program uses the same methodology across all forms of service in Medicare Parts A and B, allowing direct comparisons of upcoding magnitude. On average, upcoding for hospitalization under Part A represents $656 million annually (or 0.53% of total Part A annual expenditures) during our sample period, while up- coding for physician services under Part B is $2.38 billion annually (or 2.43% of Part B annual expenditures). These numbers compare to the recent consistent estimates from multiple different entities putting upcoding in Medicare Part C at $10-15 billion annually (or approximately 2.8-4.2% of Part C annual expenditures). Upcoding for hospitalization under Medicare Part A is small, relative to overall upcoding expenditures.
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PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the emerging trends, dynamic development, and research hotspots of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology associated with extracellular vesicles during the past 7 years and demonstrate them by visualization. METHODS: A total of 219 records related to CRISPR technology associated with extracellular vesicles from 2015 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database were collected. R language, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and GraphpadPrism software packages were used to analyze the history of this research, the general characteristics of the literature, and keywords. Finally, the hotspots and latest trends in CRISPR technology associated with extracellular vesicles are predicted. RESULTS: A total of 219 articles were collected for this study. The production of publications about CRISPR technology associated with extracellular vesicles has increased annually. Researchers from China, the USA, and Germany made the most important contributions to this trend, while RLUK Research Libraries UK offers the largest amount of literature in this field. Shenzhen University, Nanjing Medicine University, and Peking University exhibited the closest cooperation. Additionally, active topics burst during different periods, as identified according to 317 keywords belonging to 39 disciplines. Keywords were clustered into seven research subareas, namely exosome, nanovesicles, DNA, gene editing, gene therapy, cancer therapy, and endometrial stromal cells. The alluvial map of keywords reveals that the most enduring concepts are gene therapy, nanovesicles, etc., while the emerging keywords are genome, protein delivery, plasma, etc. CONCLUSIONS: We reviewed 219 previous publications and conducted the first bibliometric study of CRISPR technology related to extracellular vesicles from 2015 to 2022. This comprehensive summary constructed a knowledge map and demonstrates the trends in this area. The current trends and potential hotpots for this topic are also identified, which will be a great help for researchers in the future.
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Exosomas , Vesículas Extracelulares , Humanos , Repeticiones Palindrómicas Cortas Agrupadas y Regularmente Espaciadas , Bibliometría , Bases de Datos FactualesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To determine the clinical efficacy of rotator cuff suture and arthroscopic 360° capsular release in patients with rotator cuff tendinopathy to improve the Constant-Murley and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, and shoulder flexion. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with full-thickness rotator cuff tears and limited shoulder movement who were admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to October 2020 were selected; all patients were treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff suture and 360° capsular release. The Constant-Murley score, VAS score, and shoulder flexion angle were used to evaluate shoulder joint function before and during follow-up. Rotator cuff healing was assessed by MRI with the Sugaya classification. RESULTS: After treatment, the Constant-Murley score (58.98 ± 9.84) was significantly improved compared with pre-treatment (29.33 ± 9.71), the VAS score (1.23 ± 0.87) was significantly lower than pre-treatment (7.54 ± 1.22), and the shoulder flexion angle (142.67 ± 8.59°) was significantly improved compared with pre-treatment (51.50 ± 2.10°); the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic rotator cuff suture and simultaneous 360° capsular release have a significant effect on the treatment of rotator cuff tear with limited shoulder movement.
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Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores , Articulación del Hombro , Humanos , Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Hombro/cirugía , Liberación de la Cápsula Articular , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Artroscopía , Resultado del Tratamiento , Rango del Movimiento Articular , SuturasRESUMEN
Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a popular manufacturing technique with versatile potential for materials processing in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In particular, the repair and regeneration of significant bone defects remain as substantial clinical challenges that require biomaterial implants to maintain mechanical strength and porosity, which may be realized using 3DP. The rapid progress in 3DP development in the past decade warrants a bibliometric analysis to gain insights into its applications in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Here, we performed a comparative study using bibliometric methods for 3DP in bone repair and regeneration. A total of 2,025 articles were included, and the results showed an increase in the number of publications and relative research interest on 3DP annually worldwide. China was the leader in international cooperation in this field and also the largest contributor to the number of citations. The majority of articles in this field were published in the journal Biofabrication. Chen Y was the author who made the highest contribution to the included studies. The keywords included in the publications were mainly related to BTE and regenerative medicine (including "3DP techniques," "3DP materials," "bone regeneration strategies," and "bone disease therapeutics") for bone regeneration and repair. This bibliometric and visualized analysis provides significant insights into the historical development of 3DP in BTE from 2012 to 2022, which will be beneficial for scientists to conduct further investigations into this dynamic field.
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Introduction: Chemotherapy is a common strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, its therapeutic efficacy is not ideal due to the low targeting, lowbioavailability, and high toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. Nanoparticles can improve the residence time of drugs at tumor sites through targeted delivery. This new technology can reduce the risk to patients and improve survival rates. To achieve this goal, we developed a pHsensitive charge-conversion polymeric micelle [mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles] for osteosarcoma-targeted delivery of cinnamaldehyde (CA). Methods: First, an amphiphilic cinnamaldehyde polymeric prodrug [mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA)] was synthesized through Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT) polymerization and post-modification, and self-assembled into mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles in an aqueous solution. The physical properties of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles, such as critical micelle concentration (CMC), size, appearance, and Zeta potential were characterized. The CA release curve of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles at pH 7.4, 6.5 and 4.0 was studied by dialysis method, then the targeting ability of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles to osteosarcoma 143B cells in acidic environment (pH 6.5) was explored by cellular uptakeassay. The antitumor effect of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles on 143B cells in vitro was studied by MTT method, and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in 143B cells after mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles treatment was detected. Finally, the effects of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles on the apoptosis of 143B cells were detected by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. Results: An amphiphilic cinnamaldehyde polymeric prodrug [mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA)] was successfully synthesized and self-assembled into spheric micelles with a diameter of 227 nm. The CMC value of mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles was 25.2 mg/L, and it showed a pH dependent release behavior of CA. mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles can achieve chargeconversion from a neutral to a positive charge with decreasing pHs. This charge-conversion property allows mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles to achieve 143B cell targeting at pH 6.5. In addition, mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles present high antitumor efficacy and intracellular ROS generation at pH 6.5 which can induce 143B cell apoptosis. Discussion: mPEG-b-P(C7-co-CA) micelles can achieve osteosarcoma targeting effectively and enhance the anti-osteosarcoma effect of cinnamaldehyde in vitro. This research provides a promising drug delivery system for clinical application and tumor treatment.
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The regeneration of hierarchical osteochondral units is challenging due to difficulties in inducing spatial, directional and controllable differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cartilage and bone compartments. Emerging organoid technology offers new opportunities for osteochondral regeneration. In this study, we developed gelatin-based microcryogels customized using hyaluronic acid (HA) and hydroxyapatite (HYP), respectively for inducing cartilage and bone regeneration (denoted as CH-Microcryogels and OS-Microcryogels) through in vivo self-assembly into osteochondral organoids. The customized microcryogels showed good cytocompatibility and induced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while also demonstrating the ability to self-assemble into osteochondral organoids with no delamination in the biphasic cartilage-bone structure. Analysis by mRNA-seq showed that CH-Microcryogels promoted chondrogenic differentiation and inhibited inflammation, while OS-Microcryogels facilitated osteogenic differentiation and suppressed the immune response, by regulating specific signaling pathways. Finally, the in vivo engraftment of pre-differentiated customized microcryogels into canine osteochondral defects resulted in the spontaneous assembly of an osteochondral unit, inducing simultaneous regeneration of both articular cartilage and subchondral bone. In conclusion, this novel approach for generating self-assembling osteochondral organoids utilizing tailor-made microcryogels presents a highly promising avenue for advancing the field of tissue engineering.
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Osteoarthritis refers to a degenerative disease with joint pain as the main symptom, and it is caused by various factors, including fibrosis, chapping, ulcers, and loss of articular cartilage. Traditional treatments can only delay the progression of osteoarthritis, and patients may need joint replacement eventually. As a class of organic compound molecules weighing less than 1000 daltons, small molecule inhibitors can target proteins as the main components of most drugs clinically. Small molecule inhibitors for osteoarthritis are under constant research. In this regard, by reviewing relevant manuscripts, small molecule inhibitors targeting MMPs, ADAMTS, IL-1, TNF, WNT, NF-κB, and other proteins were reviewed. We summarized these small molecule inhibitors with different targets and discussed disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs based on them. These small molecule inhibitors have good inhibitory effects on osteoarthritis, and this review will provide a reference for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Osteoporosis is a systemic disease in which bone mass decreases, leading to an increased risk of bone fragility and fracture. The occurrence of osteoporosis is believed to be related to the disruption of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. N6-adenylate methylation (m6A) modification is the most common type of chemical RNA modification and refers to a methylation modification formed by the nitrogen atom at position 6 of adenine (A), which is catalyzed by a methyltransferase. The main roles of m6A are the post-transcriptional level regulation of the stability, localization, transportation, splicing, and translation of RNA; these are key elements of various biological activities, including osteoporosis and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and adipocytes. The main focus of this review is the role of m6A in these two biological processes.
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Adenina , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Osteoporosis , Humanos , Adipocitos , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Osteoblastos , ARN , Adenina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Macrophages significantly contributes to symptomology and structural progression of osteoarthritis (OA) and raise increasing attention in the relative research field. Recent studies have shown that tremendous progress has been made in the research of macrophages associated with osteoarthritis. However, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis is lacking in this research field. This study aimed to introduce the research status as well as hotspots and explore the field of macrophages research in OA from a bibliometric perspective. Methods: This study collected 1481 records of macrophages associated with osteoarthritis from 1991 to 2021 in the web of science core collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R package "bibliometrix" software were used to analyze regions, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords to predict the latest trends in macrophages associated with osteoarthritis research. Results: The number of publications related to macrophages associated with osteoarthritis is increasing annually. China and the USA, contributing more than 44% of publications, were the main drivers for research in this field. League of European Research Universities was the most active institution and contributed the most publications. Arthritis and Rheumatism is the most popular journal in this field with the largest publications, while Osteoarthritis and Cartilage is the most co-cited journal. Koch AE was the most prolific writer, while Bondeson J was the most commonly co-cited author. "Rheumatology", "Orthopedics", and "Immunology" were the most widely well-represented research areas of OA associated macrophages. "Rheumatoid arthritis research", "clinical symptoms", "regeneration research", "mechanism research", "pathological features", and "surgery research" are the primary keywords clusters in this field. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study comprehensively mapped out the knowledge structure and development trends in the research field of macrophages associated with osteoarthritis in recent 30 years. The results comprehensively summarize and identify the research frontiers which will provide a reference for scholars studying macrophages associated with osteoarthritis.
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Osteoartritis , Reumatología , Humanos , Bibliometría , Macrófagos , Bases de Datos FactualesRESUMEN
High molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HMW-HAs) have been used for the palliative treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) for decades, but the pharmacological activity of HA fragments has not been fully explored due to the limited availability of structurally defined HA fragments. In this study, we synthesized a series glycosides of oligosaccharides of HA (o-HAs), hereinafter collectively referred to as o-HA derivatives. Their effects on OA progression were examined in a chondrocyte inflammatory model established by the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged ATDC5 cells. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) showed that o-HA derivatives (≤100 µg/mL) exhibited no cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory effects. We found that the o-HA and o-HA derivatives alleviated LPS-induced inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy and proliferation-inhibition of ATDC5 cells, similar to the activities of HMW-HAs. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed that different HA derivatives selectively reversed the effects of LPS on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related proteins (MMP13, COL2A1 and Aggrecan) in ATDC5 cells. Our study suggested that o-HA derivatives may alleviate LPS-induced chondrocyte injury by reducing the inflammatory response, maintaining cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy, and decreasing ECM degradation, supporting a potential oligosaccharides-mediated therapy for OA.
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MicroARNs , Osteoartritis , Apoptosis , Línea Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Condrocitos , Humanos , Ácido Hialurónico/metabolismo , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Oligosacáridos/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/inducido químicamente , Osteoartritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Osteoartritis/metabolismoRESUMEN
Objective: With the development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) based on stem cells research all over the world, our present study was aiming to discover the global trends in this field. Methods: All publications related to EVs based on stem cells from 1991 to 2021 were collected from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Subsequently, the data were evaluated using the bibliometric methodology. In terms of visualized study, the VOS viewer software was performed to investigate the bibliographic coupling, co-citation, co-authorship, and co-occurrence trends, and last for the publication's trends involved in the field of EVs based on stem cells. Results: A total of 8,208 publications were retrieved and the relative number of global publications and research interests were increasing every year especially in recent 5 years. China rank top one in terms of total publications, prolific authors, and funds, whereas the USA made the greatest contributions with the most total citations and highest H-index to the global research. Stem cell research therapy contributed the highest publications, whereas the journal of PLOS ONE showed the best total link strength. The Shanghai Jiao Tong University, University of California System, and Harvard University were the most contributive institutions. The global studies could be divided into six clusters as follows: cancer research, musculoskeletal system research, respiratory system research, urinary system and endocrine system research, nerve system research, and cardiovascular system research. All the directions were predicted to still hotspots in near future researches in this field. Conclusion: The total number of publications about EVs based stem cells would be increasing according to the current global trends. China and the USA was the largest contributors in this field. Further efforts should be put in the directions of cancer research, musculoskeletal system research, respiratory system research, urinary system and endocrine system research, nerve system research, as well was cardiovascular system research in this field of EVs based stem cells.
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As an insidious metabolic bone disease, osteoporosis plagues the world, with high incidence rates. Patients with osteoporosis are prone to falls and becoming disabled, and their cone fractures and hip fractures are very serious, so the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis is very urgent. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles secreted from cells to the outside of the cell and they are wrapped in a bilayer of phospholipids. According to the size of the particles, they can be divided into three categories, namely exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. The diameter of exosomes is 30-150 nm, the diameter of microvesicles is 100-1000 nm, and the diameter of apoptotic bodies is about 50-5000 nm. EVs play an important role in various biological process and diseases including osteoporosis. In this review, the role of EVs in osteoporosis is systematically reviewed and some insights for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis are provided.