Author Correction: Simulation of blast lung injury induced by shock waves of five distances based on finite element modeling of a three-dimensional rat.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Effects of Blast Wave-induced Biomechanical Changes on Lung Injury in Rats / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#To observe the dynamic impacts of shock waves on the severity of lung injury in rats with different injury distances.@*Methods@#Simulate open-field shock waves; detect the biomechanical effects of explosion sources at distances of 40, 44, and 48 cm from rats; and examine the changes in the gross anatomy of the lungs, lung wet/dry weight ratio, hemoglobin concentration, blood gas analysis, and pathology.@*Results@#Biomechanical parameters such as the overpressure peak and impulse were gradually attenuated with an increase in the injury distance. The lung tissue hemorrhage, edema, oxygenation index, and pathology changed more significantly for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups. The overpressure peak and impulse were significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the 44 and 48 cm groups ( < 0.05 or < 0.01). The animal mortality was significantly higher for the 40 cm group than for the other two groups (41.2% . 17.8% and 10.0%, < 0.05). The healing time of injured lung tissues for the 40 cm group was longer than those for the 44 and 48 cm groups.@*Conclusions@#The effects of simulated open-field shock waves on the severity of lung injuries in rats were correlated with the injury distances, the peak overpressure, and the overpressure impulse.

Simulation of blast lung injury induced by shock waves of five distances based on finite element modeling of a three-dimensional rat.

Blast lung injury (BLI) caused by both military and civilian explosions has become the main cause of death for blast injury patients. By building three-dimensional (3D) models of rat explosion regions, we simulated the surface pressure of the skin and lung. The pressure distributions were performed at 5 distances from the detonation center to the center of the rat. When the distances were 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm and 80 cm, the maximum pressure of the body surface were 634.77kPa, 362.46kPa, 248.11kPa, 182.13kPa and 109.29kPa and the surfaces lung pressure ranges were 928-2916 Pa, 733-2254 Pa, 488-1236 Pa, 357-1189 Pa and 314-992 Pa. After setting 6 virtual points placed on the surface of each lung lobe model, simulated pressure measurement and corresponding pathological autopsies were then conducted to validate the accuracy of the modeling. For the both sides of the lung, when the distance were 40 cm, 50 cm and 60 cm, the Pearson's values showed strong correlations. When the distances were 70 cm and 80 cm, the Pearson's values showed weak linear correlations. This computational simulation provided dynamic anatomy as well as functional and biomechanical information.