Clinical applications of telemedicine services using a regional telemedicine platform for cancer treatment: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Telemedicine is beneficial for improving treatment efficiency and reducing medical expenses of cancer patients. This study focuses on cancer patients participating in teleconsultations through a regional telemedicine platform in China, analyzes the consultation process, and provides references for the clinical application of telemedicine. METHODS: We collected information on teleconsultations of cancer patients conducted from 2015 to 2022 through the regional telemedicine platform. Utilizing SPSS 23.0 software, we conducted descriptive analysis to summarize the distribution of patient gender, age, region, and disease types. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was adopted to analyze the factors influencing the waiting time and consultation duration for teleconsultations. RESULTS: From 2015 to 2022, a total of 23,060 teleconsultations were conducted for cancer patients via regional telemedicine platform, with an average growth rate of 11.09%. The main types of consultations were for lung cancer, liver cancer, and breast cancer, accounting for 18.14%, 10.49%, and 9.46% respectively. 57.05% of teleconsultations had a waiting time of less than 24 h, while patient age, consultation expert level, and disease type were the main factors influencing the waiting time. 50.06% of teleconsultations had a duration of more than 20 min, and the inviting hospital level and the title of invited consultant were the main factors influencing the consultation duration. CONCLUSIONS: In China, telemedicine has been widely employed in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancers, covering various types of oncological diseases. However, the waiting time for teleconsultations was generally more than 12 h, indicating the need to enhance consultation scheduling and allocate more expert resources to further optimize the efficiency of teleconsultations. Additionally, further exploration is required for remote health management of outpatients with cancers outside the hospital.

All-Solid-State Infrared Electrochromic Devices Based on Thin Metal Films.

Infrared electrochromic devices (IR-ECDs) are pivotal for dynamic thermal regulation. However, the quest for all-solid-state IR-ECDs with high stability and a broadly tunable range of emissivity remains a challenge. This study presents the development of an all-solid-state infrared electrochromic device (IR-ECD) with the structure of ITO/HxWO3/Ta2O5/Pd/Mg3Ni based on the hydrogen-induced metal-insulator transition of Mg-Ni alloy films. The emissivity modulation is improved by film stack optimization, with changes of 0.32 and 0.47 in the 3-5 and 7.5-14 µm bands, respectively. The introduction of an ultrathin Ti isolation layer between the catalytic and electrolyte layers enhances the cyclic stability. Our findings offer a novel strategy for the design and fabrication of all-solid-state IR electrochromic devices and highlight the potential of Mg-Ni alloy-based all-solid-state IR-ECDs in advanced energy and information fields.

Multifunctional integrated metamaterials for radar-infrared-visible compatible multispectral stealth.

Metamaterials offer exciting opportunities for developing multispectral stealth due to their unique electromagnetic properties. However, currently transparent radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth metamaterials typically involve complex hierarchical designs, leading to thickness and transparency limitations. Here, we propose an integrated metamaterial for multispectral stealth with high transparency. Our design features an ITO/dielectric/ITO sandwich structure, with the upper-layer ITO acting as a resonator for broadband microwave absorption while maintaining a high filling ratio to suppress infrared (IR) radiation. Experimental results demonstrate excellent performance, with over 90% microwave absorption in 8-18 GHz, an IR emissivity of approximately 0.36 in 3-14 µm, an average optical transmittance of 74.1% in 380-800 nm, and a thickness of only 2.4 mm. With its multispectral compatibility, the proposed metamaterial has potential applications in stealth and camouflage fields.

Microenvironment-Modulating Adsorption Enables Highly Efficient Lithium Extraction under Natural pH Conditions.

Ion-sieve adsorbents are effective materials in practical applications for extracting liquid lithium. However, it is greatly suppressed in adsorption capacity and selectivity (Li/Mg) under natural near-neutral conditions of seawater or salt lakes, due to the interference of in situ released H+ and Mg2+ impurity. This paper proposes an adsorbent with a microenvironment-modulating function as a solution. The introduction of quaternary ammonium groups into the carrier accelerates the migration of H+, while preventing the diffusion of Mg2+ by electrostatic repulsion. Besides, it can also prestore OH-, effectively consuming the generated hydrogen ions in situ. Based on the rational design, the alkali consumption of the microenvironment-modulating strategy is dramatically reduced to 1/144 of the traditional alkali-adding method. Additionally, adsorption performance is significantly promoted under natural pH conditions, with a maximum 33 times higher separation factor (selectivity) and 4 times higher adsorption capacity than commercial ion-sieve adsorbents. This development indicates the feasibility of using microenvironment modulation for effective lithium extraction and inspires the development of next-generation high-performance adsorbents.

Bubble Turbulent Gas-Permeable Membrane for Ammonia Recovery from Swine Wastewater: Mass Transfer Enhancement and Antifouling Mechanisms.

Recovering ammonium from swine wastewater employing a gas-permeable membrane (GM) has potential but suffers from the limitations of unattractive mass transfer and poor-tolerance antifouling properties. Turbulence is an effective approach to enhancing the release of volatile ammonia from wastewater while relying on interfacial disturbance to interfere with contaminant adhesion. Herein, we design an innovative gas-permeable membrane coupled with bubble turbulence (BT-GM) that enhances mass transfer while mitigating membrane fouling. Bubbles act as turbulence carriers to accelerate the release and migration of ammonia from the liquid phase, increasing the ammonia concentration gradient at the membrane-liquid interface. In comparison, the ammonium mass transfer rate of the BT-GM process applied to real swine wastewater is 38% higher than that of conventional GM (12 h). Through a computational fluid dynamics simulation, the turbulence kinetic energy of BT-GM system is 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of GM, and the effective mass transfer area is nearly 3 times that of GM. Seven batches of tests confirmed that the BT-GM system exhibits remarkable antifouling ability, broadens its adaptability to complex water quality, and practically promotes the development of sustainable resource recycling.

Tunable Microwave Absorbing Devices Enabled by Reversible Metal Electrodeposition.

Tunable microwave absorbers have gained significant interest due to their capability to actively control microwaves. However, the existing architecture-change-based approach lacks flexibility, and the active-element-based approach is constrained by a narrowband operation or small dynamic modulation range. Here, a novel electrically tunable microwave absorbing device (TMAD) is demonstrated that can achieve dynamic tuning of the average reflection amplitude between -13.0 and -1.2 dB over a broadband range of 8-18 GHz enabled by reversible metal electrodeposition. This reversible tunability is achieved by electrodepositing silver (Ag) layers with controlled morphology on nanoscopic platinum (Pt) films in a device structure similar to a tunable Salisbury screen, employing Ag electrodeposited on Pt films as the modifiable resistive layer. Furthermore, this TMAD possesses a simple device architecture, excellent bistability, and multispectral compatibility. Our approach offers a new strategy for dynamically manipulating microwaves, which has potential utility in intelligent camouflage and communication systems.

Observer-based event-triggered H∞ control for Hamiltonian systems.

This paper investigates the problem of designing an observer-based event-triggered H∞ controller for a Hamiltonian system with delays incorporated in the underlying network. As our contributions, we first propose an event-triggered scheme which uses the Hamiltonian to decide whether to trigger the event generator at the sampling time. Additionally, when states are not exactly known globally asymptotically stable, we proceed to design an observer-based controller with which the resulting closed-loop system can be transformed into a time-delay Hamiltonian system. Based on the structural characteristic of the Hamiltonian systems, sufficient conditions are given to guarantee the closed-loop system to achieve the H∞ performance index with external disturbances in available and unavailable states, respectively. Finally, multi-machine power systems as simulation examples are illustrated to validate our proposed results.

Predictors of Stroke Outcomes in Conservatively Treated Patients With Moyamoya Disease: A Follow-up MRI Study.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between stroke and imaging and clinical features in conservatively treated patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). PURPOSE: To investigate independent risk factors for stroke in conservatively treated patients with MMD during a long-term follow-up. STUDY TYPE: Prospective study. SUBJECTS: One hundred sixty conservatively managed patients with MMD (median age 46 years, 89 male). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Time of flight, turbo inversion recovery magnitude T1WI, turbo spin echo (TSE) T2WI, echo-planar imaging DWI, T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery, dynamic susceptibility contrast-magnetic resonance imaging, and pre- and post-contrast 3D TSE T1WI sequences at 3.0 Tesla. ASSESSMENT: Patients were assessed at baseline and followed yearly. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence rates were determined. Multiple demographic, clinical (modified Rankin score [mRS]), and cerebral imaging (cerebral blood volume [CBV] and concentric enhancement of arterial wall) factors at baseline were considered as potential predictors of stroke during the follow-up period. STATISTICAL TESTS: Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for stroke. Cumulative risk of stroke was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 47 months. During the follow-up period, 18 (11.25%) patients experienced stroke events (13 [8.13%] ischemic, 5 [3.12%] hemorrhagic). Univariable analysis showed that 11 factors were significantly associated with stroke. After adjustment for clinical characteristics, multivariable analysis showed that mRS score ≥3 (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.26-3.14), decreased CBV (HR, 5.31; 95% CI, 2.32-12.13), and concentric enhancement of the arterial wall (HR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.55-11.15) were significantly associated with stroke. DATA CONCLUSION: Decreased CBV, mRS score ≥ 3, and concentric enhancement of the arterial wall were significantly associated with increased incidence of stroke in conservatively treated MMD. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.

The impacts of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate in facial cleanser on facial skin microbiome and lipidome.

BACKGROUND: The human skin microbiome and lipidome are essential for skin homeostasis and barrier function, and have become a focus in both dermatological and cosmetic fields. However, the influence of surfactants commonly used in cosmetic products on the skin resident microbiome and lipidome remains poorly characterized. METHODS: We conducted self-control experiments to systematically study the effects of surfactant (sodium lauroyl sarcosinate [SLS]) on facial skin. Wrinkles, pores, porphyrins, and superficial lipids were examined to evaluate the biophysical state of skin. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the numbers of bacteria and fungi. The diversity and structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiomes were assessed using 16S rDNA and ITS amplicon sequencing, respectively. Moreover, 22 lipids were identified to evaluate lipidome variations. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: SLS in facial cleanser did not extensively influence skin biophysical parameters, but caused a decrease in porphyrin. After using the SLS-added facial cleanser for 3 weeks, the alpha diversity of the prokaryotic microbial community decreased significantly, while the eukaryotic microbial community showed a continuous downward trend but no statistically significant. A shift in the structure of prokaryotic microbiome was observed as a result of SLS exposure, mainly reflected by the increase in Acinetobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, and Ralstonia, while the SLS had little effect on the structure of the eukaryotic microbiome. Furthermore, SLS exposure had a great impact on skin lipidome, mainly manifested by the increase of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), and the decrease of ceramides. Spearman's correlations analysis showed that Escherichia-Shigella, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter are positively correlated with PG and PC; however, the correlation is not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In this study, we found the SLS in facial cleanser primarily affected lipidome and the prokaryotic microbiome of facial skin. These findings are useful for reminding us to be vigilant about the ingredients in personal care products, even the common ingredients, and designing effective formulations for repairing ecological balance of skin.

Ternary Lithium Nickel Boride with 1D Rapid-Ion-Diffusion Channels as an Anode for Use in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Anode materials with high-rate performances and good electrochemical stabilities are urgently required for the grid-scale application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Theoretically, transition metal borides are desirable candidates because of their appropriate working potentials and good conductivities. However, the reported metal borides exhibit poor performances owing to their lack of favorable Li+ storage sites and poor structural stabilities during long-term charging/discharging. In this work, a ternary alkali metal boride, Li1.2 Ni2.5 B2 , which displays a high Li+ storage capacity and remarkable electrochemical stability and an excellent rate performance is studied. In contrast to conventional transition metal borides, the introduction of Li atoms facilitates the formation of 1D Ni/B-based honeycomb channels during synthesis. This Ni/B framework successfully sustains the strain during Li+ intercalation and deintercalation, and thus, the optimized Li1.2 Ni2.5 B2 anode exhibits an excellent cycle stability over 500 charge/discharge cycles. This electrode also exhibits superior reversible capacities of 350, 183, and 80 mA h g-1 at 0.1, 1, and 5 A g-1 , respectively, indicating the considerable potential of the 1D Ni/B framework as a commercially available fast-charging LIB anode.

In-Situ Construction of V2 O5 Nanosheet/Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanosheet Heterostructures with Interfacial C─O Bridging Bonds as the Cathode Material for Zn Ion Batteries.

Layered oxides are widely used as the electrode materials for metal ion batteries. However, for large radius size ions, such as Zn2+ and Al3+ , the tightly stacked layers and poor electrical conductivity of layered oxides result in restricted number of active sites and sluggish reaction kinetics. In this work, a facile in-situ construction strategy is provided to synthesize layered oxide nanosheets/nitrogen-doped carbon nanosheet (NC) heterostructure, which shows larger interlayer spacing and better electrical conductivity than the layered oxides. As a result, the Zn2+ ion diffusion inside the interlayer gallery is greatly enhanced and the storage sites inside the gallery can be better used. Meanwhile, the NC layers and oxide nanosheets are bridged by the C─O bonds to form a stable structure, which contributes to a better cycling stability than the pure layered oxides. The optimal V2 O5 @NC-400 cathode shows a capacity of 467 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 for 300 cycles, and long-term cyclic stability of 4000 cycles at 5 A g-1 with a capacity retention of 92%. All these performance parameters are among the best for vanadium oxide-based cathode materials.

Artificial Visual Synaptic Architecture with High-Linearity Light-Modulated Weight for Optoelectronic Neuromorphic Computing.

A brain-like neuromorphic computing system, as compared with traditional Von Neumann architecture, has broad application prospects in the fields of emerging artificial intelligence (AI) due to its high fault tolerance, excellent plasticity, and parallel computing capability. A neuromorphic visuosensory and memory system, an important branch of neuromorphic computing, is the basis for AI to perceive, process, and memorize optical information, now still suffering from nonlinearity of synaptic weight, crosstalk issues, and integration incompatibility, hindering the high-level training and inference accuracy. In this work, we propose a new optoelectronic neuromorphic architecture by integrating an electrochromic device and a perovskite photodetector. Ascribing to the superior memory characteristics of the electrochromic device and sensitive light response of the perovskite photodetector, the neuromorphic device shows typical visual synaptic functionalities such as light triggering, neural facilitation, long-term potentiation, and depression (LTP and LTD). Furthermore, by adjusting the intensity and wavelength of external light signals, the visual synaptic function of the device can be modulated, enabling the device to exhibit high weight linearity in all current output ranges and improve information processing capability and image recognition accuracy. Moreover, both the electrochromic and perovskite layers possess the advantage of large area fabrication and integration, which enables the fabrication of large device arrays with high integration compatibility and scalability. In this study, 10 × 10 device arrays are demonstrated and each device shows uniform light responses, memory behaviors, and synaptic performances. MNIST and CIFAR-10 algorithms are used to simulate the image recognition properties of the synaptic architecture, and the calculated recognition accuracy is 97.94 and 91.04%, respectively, with an error less than 2.5%. The proposed artificial visual neuromorphic architecture will provide a potential device prototype for efficient visual neuromorphic systems.

The Characteristics of Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery and Their Relationship With Surgical Outcomes in Patients With Moyamoya Disease: A Combined Head-and-Neck Vessel Wall MR Imaging Study.

BACKGROUND: The features of intracranial arteries in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have been widely investigated. However, the MR characteristics of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) and their effect on outcomes of revascularization treatment are not fully understood. PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of EICA and their relationship with outcomes of revascularization treatment in adult patients with MMD based on higher-resolution MRI (HRMRI). STUDY TYPE: Prospective interventional outcomes. SUBJECTS: Two hundred eighty-eight consecutive patients with MMD (mean age: 43.7 ± 11.2 years; 140 male). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: Turbo inversion recovery magnitude T1-weighted imaging and turbo spin echo (TSE) T2-weighted imaging, three-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography, T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and 3D T1-SPACE vessel wall imaging at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT: The HRMRI characteristics of EICA were determined. The relationship between the characteristics of EICA (proximal stenosis, diffuse wall thickening, carotid plaques, and luminal thrombosis) and stroke outcomes of revascularization treatment in patients with MMD was analyzed. The discriminative ability of EICA characteristics in combination with intracranial carotid artery features (involvement of vessel segments, bilateral involvement, and Suzuki stage) to determine stroke outcomes was compared with that of intracranial artery features alone during a mean 8.0 months follow-up period. STATISTICAL TESTS: Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for assessing discriminative performance. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: During a mean 8.0 ± 2.2 months follow-up, of the 288 participants, 137 had proximal stenosis (47.6%), 106 had diffuse wall thickening (36.8%), 60 had carotid plaques (20.8%), and 27 had luminal thrombosis (9.4%) of EICA. Of these features, proximal stenosis (HR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.13-7.29) and diffuse wall thickening (HR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.16-5.94) of EICA were significantly associated with stroke after surgery, before and after adjusting for confounding factors. In discriminating the stroke outcomes after surgery, combining characteristics of EICA with features of intracranial arteries resulted in a significant incremental improvement (DeLong test, P < 0.05) in the AUC over that obtained with features of intracranial arteries alone (AUC: 0.73 vs. 0.60-0.64). CONCLUSION: Proximal stenosis and diffuse wall thickening of EICA were significantly associated with stroke outcomes after surgery in patients with MMD. Our findings suggest that understanding the characteristics of EICA has added value for intracranial vessels in predicting future events after surgery in patients with MMD. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4.

Overlooked flocs in electrocoagulation-based ultrafiltration systems: A new understanding of the structural interfacial properties.

An integrated ferrate-induced electrocoagulation-ultrafiltration (FECUF) process is proposed to cope with the growing demand for water treatment. Although flocs formed during the electrocoagulation (EC) process are useful for contaminant reduction and mitigation of membrane fouling, few studies have been focused on their structures and properties. Herein, we investigated the formation and structural transformations of flocs and their responses to organic matter, as well as the relationships between their interfacial properties and membrane fouling mitigation. It was found that ferrate contributed to the fast formation of flocs during the ferrate-induced electrocoagulation (FEC) process, which accelerated the FECUF process. Physicochemical analyses indicated that the flocs formed in the FEC process were mainly composed of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides with abundant hydroxyl groups and poor crystallinity, which allowed complexation with NOM. Therefore, the mobilities of the NOM and the soluble coagulant ions were reduced. The responses of flocs to NOM suggested that the period of 0-20 min resulted in the most efficient NOM removal. In addition, two patterns revealed the relationships between the interfacial properties of the small colloidal particles (SCPs) and the membrane filtration performance: i) the decline in the initial flux was closely related to the composition (gel-type substances or metal-(hydr)oxides) of the SCPs and ii) the steady-state flux was influenced by the energy barrier between the SCPs. However, when the SCPs had the same composition, the interfacial properties influenced both the initial flux and the steady-state flux. This study provides an alternative FECUF process for intensive upgrades of centralized water treatment systems.

Enhanced and synergistic catalytic activation by photoexcitation driven S-scheme heterojunction hydrogel interface electric field.

The regulation of heterogeneous material properties to enhance the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to degrade emerging organic pollutants remains a challenge. To solve this problem, we synthesize S-scheme heterojunction PBA/MoS2@chitosan hydrogel to achieve photoexcitation synergistic PMS activation. The constructed heterojunction photoexcited carriers undergo redox conversion with PMS through S-scheme transfer pathway driven by the directional interface electric field. Multiple synergistic pathways greatly enhance the reactive oxygen species generation, leading to a significant increase in doxycycline degradation rate. Meanwhile, the 3D polymer chain spatial structure of chitosan hydrogel is conducive to rapid PMS capture and electron transport in advanced oxidation process, reducing the use of transition metal activator and limiting the leaching of metal ions. There is reason to believe that the synergistic activation of PMS by S-scheme heterojunction regulated by photoexcitation will provide a new perspective for future material design and research on enhancing heterologous catalysis oxidation process.

3D Lithiophilic CuZrAg Metallic Glass Based-Current Collector for High-Performance Lithium Metal Anode.

Lithium metal anodes face several challenges in practical applications, such as dendrite growth, poor cycle efficiency, and volume variation. 3D hosts with lithiophilic surfaces have emerged as a promising design strategy for anodes. In this study, inspiration from the intrinsic isotropy, chemical heterogeneity, and wide tunability of metallic glass (MG) is drew to develop a 3D mesoporous host with a lithiophilic surface. The CuZrAg MG is prepared using the scalable melt-spinning technique and subsequently treated with a simple one-step chemical dealloying method. This resultes in the creation of a host with a homogeneously distributed abundance of lithium affinity sites on the surface. The excellent lithiophilic property and capability for uniform lithium deposition of the 3D CuZrAg electrode have been confirmed through theoretical calculations. Therefore, the 3D CuZrAg electrode displays excellent cyclic stability for over 400 cycles with 96% coulomb efficiency, and ultra-low overpotentials of 5 mV for over 2000 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 and 1.0 mAh cm-2 . Additionally, the full cells partied with either LiFePO4 or LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 cathode deliver exceptional long-term cyclability and rate capability. This work demonstrates the great potential of metallic glass in lithium metal anode application.

Transparent dynamic infrared emissivity regulators.

Dynamic infrared emissivity regulators, which can efficiently modulate infrared radiation beyond vision, have emerged as an attractive technology in the energy and information fields. The realization of the independent modulation of visible and infrared spectra is a challenging and important task for the application of dynamic infrared emissivity regulators in the fields of smart thermal management and multispectral camouflage. Here, we demonstrate an electrically controlled infrared emissivity regulator that can achieve independent modulation of the infrared emissivity while maintaining a high visible transparency (84.7% at 400-760 nm). The regulators show high degree of emissivity regulation (0.51 at 3-5 µm, 0.41 at 7.5-13 µm), fast response ( < 600 ms), and long cycle life ( > 104 cycles). The infrared emissivity regulation is attributed to the modification of the carrier concentration in the surface depletion layer of aluminum-doped zinc oxide nanocrystals. This transparent infrared emissivity regulator provides opportunities for applications such as on-demand smart thermal management, multispectral displays, and adaptive camouflage.

The diagnostic performance of high-resolution magnetic resonance-vessel wall imaging in differentiating atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of high-resolution magnetic resonance-vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) in differentiating moyamoya disease (MMD) from atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy (AS-MMV) and investigate an accurate approach for the differential diagnosis. METHODS: Adult patients who were diagnosed as MMD or AS-MMV and underwent HRMR-VWI were retrospectively included. The three vessel wall features (outer diameter (OD), remodeling index (RI), and pattern of vessel wall thickening) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in identifying MMD from AS-MMV were assessed and compared. Furthermore, subgroup analysis stratified by degree of luminal stenosis was performed and the cutoff values of different vessel wall features in differentiating MMD from AS-MMV were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 265 patients (160 cases of MMD and 105 AS-MMV) were included. Patients with AS-MMV had greater OD and RI and were more likely to exhibit eccentric thickening of vessel wall compared to those with MMD (all p < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that the AUC value of OD was greater than that of RI (0.912 vs. 0.889, p = 0.007) in differentiating MMD from AS-MMV, and their corresponding cutoff values were 1.77 mm and 0.27, respectively. And the AUC value of pattern of vessel wall thickening was 0.786 in non-occluded patients. With the increase of lumen stenosis, the discrimination power of the three indicators enhanced correspondingly. CONCLUSIONS: HRMR-VWI is valuable in distinguishing MMD from AS-MMV. The OD of MCA has better diagnostic performance in differentiating AS-MMV from MMD compared to RI and pattern of vessel wall thickening. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: The outer diameter of the involved artery proved to be both accurate and convenient in distinguishing atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease and may provide a quantitative reference for clinical diagnosis. KEY POINTS: High-resolution magnetic resonance-vessel wall imaging is valuable in distinguishing atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease. Compared to remodeling index and pattern of vessel wall thickening, outer diameter is more accurate in differentiating atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease. With the increase of lumen stenosis, the discrimination power of outer diameter, remodeling index, and pattern of vessel wall thickening enhanced correspondingly.

A Hyperspectral Camouflage Colorant Inspired by Natural Leaves.

The unmet spectral mimicry of foliar green in camouflage materials is hampered by the lack of colorants with similar spectral properties to chlorophyll, resulting in substantial risks of exposure from hyperspectral target detection. By drawing inspiration from leaf chromogenesis, a microcapsule colorant with a chloroplast-like structure and chlorophyll-like absorption is developed, and a generic bilayer coating is designed to provide high spectral similarity to leaves with different growth stages, seasons, and species. Specifically, the microcapsule colorant preserves the monomeric absorption of the internal phthalocyanine and features the manufacturability of conventional pigments, such as amenability to painting and patterning, and compatibility to different substrates. The pigmented artificial leaves successfully deceive the hyperspectral classification algorithm in a foliar background, and outperforming the state-of-art spectral simulation materials. This coloration strategy expands the knowledge base of the spectral fine tuning of composite colorants, which are essential for their application in spectral-resolved optical materials.

Quasi-critical condition to balance the scaling and membrane lifespan tradeoff in hypersaline water concentration.

Mineral scaling is an inconvenient obstacle for membrane distillation in hypersaline wastewater concentration applications, compromising membrane lifespan to maintain high water recovery. Although various measures are devoted to alleviating mineral scaling, the uncertainty and complexity of scale characteristics make it difficult to accurately identify and effectively prevent. Herein, we systematically elucidate a practically applicable principle to balance the trade-off between mineral scaling and membrane lifespan. Through experimental demonstration and mechanism analysis, we find a consistent concentration phenomenon of hypersaline concentration in different situations. Based on the characteristics of the binding force between the primary scale crystal and the membrane, the quasi-critical concentration condition is sought to prevent the accumulation and intrusion of mineral scale. The quasi-critical condition achieves the maximum water flux on the premise of guaranteeing the membrane tolerance, and the membrane performance can be restored by undamaged physical cleaning. This report opens up an informative horizon for circumventing the inexplicable scaling explorations and develops a universal evaluation strategy to provide technical support for membrane desalination.