Resveratrol exhibits inhibitory effects on the progression of various cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the underlying mechanism in regulating CRC development remains elusive. The present study aims to uncover the role and molecular mechanism of resveratrol in modulating CRC cell tumor properties. NCM460 cells, LoVo cells, SW480 cells, and BALB/c nude mice were utilized in this study. RNA levels of miR-769-5p and musashi RNA-binding protein 1 (MSI1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein expression was assessed by western blotting or immunohistochemistry assay. Cell viability was analyzed by CCK-8 assay, while cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine assay and flow cytometry analysis. Cell migration was investigated by transwell and wound-healing assays. The association between miR-769-5p and MSI1 was identified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Tumor formation was analyzed using a xenograft mouse model assay. Compared to control groups, miR-769-5p expression was downregulated, while MSI1 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Resveratrol treatment led to increased miR-769-5p expression and decreased MSI1 expression in CRC cells. Resveratrol treatment or miR-769-5p upregulation inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis. These effects were enhanced after combined treatment with resveratrol and miR-769-5p mimics. MSI1 was identified as a target of miR-769-5p, and its overexpression attenuated the effects of miR-769-5p mimics on cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Moreover, miR-769-5p overexpression enhanced the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on tumor growth in vivo. Resveratrol inhibited colorectal cancer cell tumor properties by activating the miR-769-5p/MSI1 pathway.
The biosilicification of diatoms allows for the customization of the synthesis of functionalized diatom frustules. The S active sites (-SH) on diatom frustules were created by adding the organic silicon sources tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The mechanisms of adsorption-reduction and the indirect effects of S active sites on electrochemical performance were declared. The DBS@C-Ag-3 anode material sourced from the cultivation condition with a silicon source of TMOS:MPTMS = 3:1 shows the best comprehensive performance and delivers a discharge capacity of â¼660 mAh·g-1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A·g-1. The electrochemical performance of DBS@C-Ag anode materials is also found to be dominated by structure at high temperatures and conductivity at low temperatures. Such a diatom frustule structure with sulfhydryl functionalization is promising for anode materials, and it suggests a biological strategy for creating other electrode materials by modifying them with metals to improve electrochemical performances.
The accumulation of antibiotics in aquatic environments poses a serious threat to human health. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising method for removing antibiotics from water, but its practical implementation requires improvements in photocatalyst activity and recovery. Here, a novel graphite felt-supported MnS/Polypyrrole composite (MnS/PPy/GF) was constructed to achieve effective adsorption of antibiotics, stable loading of photocatalyst, and rapid separation of spatial charge. Systematic characterization of composition, structure and photoelectric properties indicated the efficient light absorption, charge separation and migration of the MnS/PPy/GF, which achieved 86.2% removal of antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CFX), higher than that of MnS/GF (73.7%) and PPy/GF (34.8%). The charge transfer-generated 1O2, energy transfer-generated 1O2, and photogenerated h+ were identified as the dominant reactive species, which mainly attacked the piperazine ring in the photodegradation of CFX by MnS/PPy/GF. The â¢OH was confirmed to participate in the defluorination of CFX via hydroxylation substitution. The MnS/PPy/GF-based photocatalytic process could ultimately achieve the mineralization of CFX. The facile recyclability, robust stability, and excellent adaptability to actual aquatic environments further confirmed MnS/PPy/GF is a promising eco-friendly photocatalyst for antibiotic pollution control.
Ciprofloxacin , Graphite , Humans , Ciprofloxacin/chemistry , Graphite/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Pyrroles/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry
This study aimed to gain an understanding of the possible function of NACs by examining their physicochemical properties, structure, chromosomal location, and expression. Being a family of plant-specific transcription factors, NAC (petunia no apical meristem and Arabidopsis thaliana ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2) is involved in plant growth and development. None of the NAC genes has been reported in Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz (A. trifoliata). In this study, we identified 101 NAC proteins (AktNACs) in the A. trifoliata genome by bioinformatic analysis. One hundred one AktNACs were classified into the following twelve categories based on the phylogenetic analysis of NAC protein: NAC-a, NAC-b, NAC-c, NAC-d, NAC-e, NAC-f, NAC-g, NAC-h, NAC-i, NAC-j, NAC-k, and NAC-l. The accuracy of the clustering results was demonstrated based on the gene structure and conserved motif analysis of AktNACs. In addition, we identified 44 pairs of duplication genes, confirming the importance of purifying selection in the evolution of AktNACs. The morphology and microstructure of early A. trifoliata seed development showed that it mainly underwent rapid cell division, seed enlargement, embryo formation and endosperm development. We constructed AktNACs co-expression network and metabolite correlation network based on transcriptomic and metabolomic data of A. trifoliata seeds. The results of the co-expression network showed that 25 AtNAC genes were co-expressed with 233 transcription factors. Metabolite correlation analysis showed that 23 AktNACs were highly correlated with 28 upregulated metabolites. Additionally, 25 AktNACs and 235 transcription factors formed co-expression networks with 141 metabolites, based on correlation analysis involving AktNACs, transcription factors, and metabolites. Notably, AktNAC095 participates in the synthesis of 35 distinct metabolites. Eight of these metabolites, strongly correlated with AktNAC095, were upregulated during early seed development. These studies may provide insight into the evolution, possible function, and expression of AktNACs genes.
Bioleaching processes or microbially mediated iron/sulfur redox processes in acid mine drainage (AMD) result in mineral dissolution and transformation, the release of mercury and other heavy metal ions, and changes in the occurrence forms and concentration of mercury. However, pertinent studies on these processes are scarce. Therefore, in this work, the Fe/S redox-coupled mercury transformation mediated by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions was studied by combining analyses of solution behavior (pH, redox potential, and Fe/S/Hg ion concentrations), the surface morphology and elemental composition of the solid substrate residue, the Fe/S/Hg speciation transformation, and bacterial transcriptomics. It was found that: (1) the presence of Hg2+ significantly inhibited the apparent iron/sulfur redox process; (2) the addition of Hg2+ caused a significant change in the composition of bacterial surface compounds and elements such as C, N, S, and Fe; (3) Hg mainly occurred in the form of Hg0, HgS, and HgSO4 in the solid substrate residues; and (4) the expression of mercury-resistant genes was higher in earlier stages of growth than in the later stages of growth. The results indicate that the addition of Hg2+ significantly affected the iron/sulfur redox process mediated by A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 under aerobic, anaerobic, and coupled aerobic-anaerobic conditions, which further promoted Hg transformation. This work is of great significance for the treatment and remediation of mercury pollution in heavy metal-polluted areas.
Silica is regarded as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity. However, large volume variation and poor electrical conductivity are limiting factors for the development of SiO2 anode materials. To solve this problem, combining SiO2 with a conductive phase and designing hollow porous structures are effective ways. In this work, The Co(II)-EDTA chelate on the surface of diatom biosilica (DBS) frustules and obtained DBS@C-Co composites decorated with Co nanoparticles by calcination without a reducing atmosphere is first precipitated. The unique three-dimensional structure of diatom frustules provides enough space for the volume change of silica during lithiation/delithiation. Co nanoparticles effectively improve the electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity of silica. Through the synergistic effect of the hollow porous structure, carbon layer and Co nanoparticles, the DBS@C-Co-60 composite delivers a high reversible capacity of >620 mAh g-1 at 100 mA g-1 after 270 cycles. This study provides a new method for the synthesis of metal/silica composites and an opportunity for the development of natural resources as advanced active materials for LIBs.
The domoic acid (DA) produced by certain species of the marine pennate diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia is highly neurotoxic and can induce nerve excitability and neurotoxicity by binding with ionotropic glutamate receptors, causing amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans who consume seafood contaminated with DA. In recent years, poisoning of humans caused by DA has occurred around the world, which has attracted increasing attention, and studies on DA production by Pseudo-nitzschia have become the hotpot. This article reviews the progress in the biosynthesis of DA by the typical diatom Pseudo-nitzschia, in which the metabolic pathway of the biosynthesis of DA and its precursors, i.e., geranyl pyrophosphate and L-glutamate, and the various environmental factors affecting DA production including temperature, light intensity, nutrients, trace metals, and alien bacteria are discussed. The detection methods of DA (including bioassays, enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and biosensors), as well as the morphology and toxigenicity of Pseudo-nitzschia are also presented.
Diatoms , Neurotoxicity Syndromes , Shellfish Poisoning , Humans , Diatoms/metabolism , Kainic Acid/analysis , Kainic Acid/metabolism , Metabolic Networks and Pathways
The environmental adaptation of eudicots is the most reasonable explanation for why they compose the largest clade of modern plants (>70% of angiosperms), which indicates that the basal eudicots would be valuable and helpful to study their survival and ability to thrive throughout evolutionary processes. Here, we detected two whole-genome duplication (WGD) events in the high-quality assembled Akebia trifoliata genome (652.73 Mb) with 24 138 protein-coding genes based on the evidence of intragenomic and intergenomic collinearity, synonymous substitution rate (KS ) values and polyploidization and diploidization traces; these events putatively occurred at 85.15 and 146.43 million years ago (Mya). The integrated analysis of 16 species consisting of eight basal and eight core eudicots further revealed that there was a putative ancient WGD at the early stage of eudicots (temporarily designated θ) at 142.72 Mya, similar to the older WGD of Akebia trifoliata, and a putative core eudicot-specific WGD (temporarily designated ω). Functional enrichment analysis of retained duplicate genes following the θ event is suggestive of adaptation to the extreme environment change in both the carbon dioxide concentration and desiccation around the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, while the retained duplicate genes following the ω event is suggestive of adaptation to the extreme droughts, possibly leading to the rapid spread of eudicots in the mid-Cretaceous. Collectively, the A. trifoliata genome experienced two WGD events, and the older event may have occurred at the early stage of eudicots, which likely increased plant environmental adaptability and helped them survive in ancient extreme environments.
Gene Duplication , Genome, Plant , Genome, Plant/genetics , Phylogeny , Genes, Duplicate , Plants/genetics , Chromosomes , Evolution, Molecular
Tunnels are widely used in high-grade roads, particularly in mountainous areas; however, tunnel fires often result in severe economic losses and casualties. The fire effluents produced from asphalt pavement have attracted significant research attention. The main objective of this study is to assimilate information on various aspects of bituminous mixture emissions during fires. In this study, the fume emissions of bitumen and bituminous mixtures during combustion are comprehensively reviewed and summarized. First, the test methods for fire effluents produced by bitumen and bituminous mixtures after combustion are summarized. Second, the factors influencing the fume concentration and composition are determined. In addition, different methods to reduce the emission of fire effluents are compared, particularly for the suppression of toxic gas emissions. Then, reasonable suggestions are proposed to reduce the damage caused by hazardous gases to humans and the environment. This review is beneficial for comprehensively understanding the fume emission behaviour and future research on the smoke suppression of highway tunnel asphalt pavements during fires.
Fires , Hydrocarbons , Gases , Humans , Hydrocarbons/analysis , Hydrocarbons/chemistry , Smoke/adverse effects , Smoke/prevention & control
Oxidative dissolution of stibnite (Sb2S3), one of the most prevalent geochemical processes for antimony (Sb) release, can be promoted by Sb-oxidizing microbes, which were studied under alkaline and neutral conditions but rarely under acidic conditions. This work is dedicated to unraveling the enhancement mechanism of stibnite dissolution by typical acidophile Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans under extremely acidic conditions. The results of solution behavior showed that the dissolution of Sb2S3 was significantly enhanced by A. ferrooxidans, with lower pH and higher redox potential values and higher [Sb(III)] and [Sb(V)] than the sterile control. The surface morphology results showed that the cells adsorbed onto the mineral surface and formed biofilms. Much more filamentous secondary minerals were formed for the case with A. ferrooxidans. Further mineral phase compositions and Sb/S speciation transformation analyses showed that more secondary products Sb2O3/SbO2-, Sb2O5/SbO3-, SO42-, as well as intermediates, such as S0, S2O32- were formed for the biotic case, indicating that the dissolution of Sb2S3 and the Sb/S speciation transformation was promoted by A. ferrooxidans. These results were further clarified by the comparative transcriptome analysis. This work demonstrated that through the interaction with Sb2S3, A. ferrooxidans promotes S/Sb oxidation, so as to enhance S/Sb transformation and thus the dissolution of Sb2S3.
Acidithiobacillus , Antimony/chemistry , Minerals/chemistry , Oxidation-Reduction , Solubility
BACKGROUND: The investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in polysaccharides and saponin metabolism is critical for genetic engineering of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua to raise major active ingredient content. Up to now, the transcript sequences are available for different tissues of P. cyrtonema, a wide range scanning about temporal transcript at different ages' rhizomes was still absent in P. cyrtonema. RESULTS: Transcriptome sequencing for rhizomes at different ages was performed. Sixty-two thousand six hundred thirty-five unigenes were generated by assembling transcripts from all samples. A total of 89 unigenes encoding key enzymes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis and 56 unigenes encoding key enzymes involved in saponin biosynthesis. The content of total polysaccharide and total saponin was positively correlated with the expression patterns of mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI), GDP-L-fucose synthase (TSTA3), UDP-apiose/xylose synthase (AXS), UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH), Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase (HMGS), Mevalonate kinase (MVK), 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (ispF), (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate synthase (ispG), 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase (ispH), Farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FPPS). Finally, a number of key genes were selected and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to validate the transcriptome analysis results. CONCLUSIONS: These results create the link between polysaccharides and saponin biosynthesis and gene expression, provide insight for underlying key active substances, and reveal novel candidate genes including TFs that are worth further exploration for their functions and values.
Polygonatum , Saponins , Gene Expression Profiling , Genes, Plant , Polygonatum/genetics , Polysaccharides , Saponins/genetics
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic and persistent heavy metal pollutant. The acid mine drainage (AMD) environment in sulfide-mining areas is a typical Hg pollution source. In this paper, the transformation of Hg2+ during anaerobic S0 reduction by an AMD environmental enrichment culture was studied by multiple spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The experimental results showed that the microbial S0 reduction of the AMD enrichment culture was significantly inhibited in the presence of Hg2+. The results of cell surface morphology and composition analysis showed that there was obvious aggregation of flocculent particles on the cell surface in the presence of Hg2+, and the components of extracellular polymeric substances on the cell surface changed significantly. The results of surface morphology and C/S/Hg speciation transformation analyses of the solid particulate showed that Hg2+ gradually transformed to mercuric sulfide and Hg0 under anaerobic S0 reduction by the AMD enrichment culture. The microbial community structure results showed that Hg2+ significantly changed the enrichment community structure by decreasing their evenness. The dominant microorganisms with S0 reduction functions are closely related to mercury transformation and are the key driving force for the transformation of substrate solid particulate and cellular substances, as well as the fixation of Hg2+.
Arsenic often coexists with metal sulfide minerals and occurs in different speciation and different toxicity in responding to Fe/S biooxidation. The differential inhibitive effects and fates of As(III) and As(V) during biooxidations of elemental sulfur (S0), ferrous ions (Fe2+) and pyrite (FeS2) by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans were studied. The results revealed that the arsenic species hardly changed for the biooxidation of S0, but dramatically changed for the biooxidation of Fe2+ and FeS2. Different transformation degree between As(III) and As(V) occurred for biooxidation of FeS2 in the presence of arsenic, where about 72% of As(III) was transformed to As(V) for the group with As(III) added, and 16% of As(V) was transformed to As(III) for that with As(V) added. Both formation and dissolution of amorphous ferric arsenate occurred during biooxidation of FeS2 with the addition of As(III) or As(V) and for the group grown on Fe2+ with added As(V), which were controlled by the changes of Fe/As molar ratio and pH value in the solution. Jarosite was detected for the group grown on Fe2+ and could adsorb As(III) and As(V). The inhibitive effects of As(V) were higher than As(III) when the strain grew on FeS2, which was contrary to those when the strain grew on S0 and Fe2+. The above results signify that the fates and inhibitive effects of arsenic are much related to each other, and such a relationship is significantly affected by the utilization of Fe/S energy substrates by the sulfur- and ferrous-oxidizing microorganisms.
Arsenic , Clostridiales , Ferric Compounds , Minerals , Oxidation-Reduction , Sulfur
It is well known that speciation transformations of As(III) vs. As(V) in acid mine drainage (AMD) are mainly driven by microbially mediated redox reactions of Fe and S. However, these processes are rarely investigated. In this study, columns containing mine water were inoculated with two typical acidophilic Fe/S-oxidizing/reducing bacteria [the chemoautotrophic Acidithiobacillus (At.) ferrooxidans and the heterotrophic Acidiphilium (Aph.) acidophilum], and three typical energy substrates (Fe2+, S0, and glucose) and two concentrations of As(III) (2.0 and 4.5 mM) were added. The correlation between Fe/S/As speciation transformation and bacterial depth distribution at three different depths, i.e., 15, 55, and 105 cm from the top of the columns, was comparatively investigated. The results show that the cell growth at the top and in the middle of the columns was much more significantly inhibited by the additions of As(III) than at the bottom, where the cell growth was promoted even on days 24-44. At. ferrooxidans dominated over Aph. acidophilum in most samples collected from the three depths, but the elevated proportions of Aph. acidophilum were observed in the top and bottom column samples when 4.5 mM As(III) was added. Fe2+ bio-oxidation and Fe3+ reduction coupled to As(III) oxidation occurred for all three column depths. At the column top surfaces, jarosites were formed, and the addition of As(III) could lead to the formation of the amorphous FeAsO4â 2H2O. Furthermore, the higher As(III) concentration could inhibit Fe2+ bio-oxidation and the formation of FeAsO4â 2H2O and jarosites. S oxidation coupled to Fe3+ reduction occurred at the bottom of the columns, with the formations of FeAsO4â 2H2O precipitate and S intermediates. The formed FeAsO4â 2H2O and jarosites at the top and bottom of the columns could adsorb to and coprecipitate with As(III) and As(V), resulting in the transfer of As from solution to solid phases, thus further affecting As speciation transformation. The distribution difference of Fe/S energy substrates could apparently affect Fe/S/As speciation transformation and bacterial depth distribution between the top and bottom of the water columns. These findings are valuable for elucidating As fate and toxicity mediated by microbially driven Fe/S redox in AMD environments.
Abiotic iron monosulfide (FeS) has attracted growing interests in dechlorinating trichloroethylene (TCE) in anoxic groundwater, but it is still unclear how biogenic FeS affects the dechlorination and thus the cytotoxity of TCE. In this work, a biogenic FeS was synthesized by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with addition of ferrihydrite and S0, and it was used for dechlorination of TCE in alkaline environment and the de-cytotoxicity was evaluated by the growth of Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. The results show that the biogenic FeS was of mackinawite, with a loose flower-like mosaic structure. The dechlorination of TCE by the biogenic FeS was accelerated by 6 times than that by abiotic FeS. TCE was dechlorinated mainly by hydrogenolysis to form dichloroethane (C2H2Cl2), vinyl chloride (C2H3Cl), and finally ethylene, accompanied with transformation of both Fe2+ to Fe3+ and monosulfide to disulfide and polysulfide on the biogenic FeS surface. The concentration for 50% of maximal inhibition effect (EC50) of TCE to Synechocystis was 486 mg/L and the inhibition to Synechocystis under the EC50 was relieved more significantly on addition of the biogenic FeS than that of abiotic FeS. These results indicate that the biogenic FeS promoted the dechlorination and thus de-cytotoxity of TCE.
Ferrous Compounds/metabolism , Shewanella/metabolism , Trichloroethylene/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism
Phenomics is originally a biological concept. In the most recent years, the studies of plant and human phenomics have started, and show a strong momentum and trend of development. In this paper, based on the related research on bioleaching/acid mine drainage (AMD), we put forward the relevant concepts and methodology of phenomics of microbe-mineral interaction (MMI) in bioleaching/AMD environments. It refers to the systematic study on phenotypes of MMI on both levels of microbiome and mineralome under various environmental conditions, by which it gives the relationship between microbial/mineral genome and phenome of MMI responding to the varying environmental conditions. The pertinent methodology is of mainly (meta)-omics, synchrotron radiation-based techniques and supercomputing-based density function theory (DFT) calculation.
Mining , Phenomics , Acids , Humans , Minerals
The bio-oxidative dissolution of arsenopyrite, the most severe arsenic contamination source, can be mediated by organic substances, but pertinent studies on this subject are scarce. In this study, the bio-oxidative dissolution of arsenopyrite by Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans and arsenic immobilization were evaluated in the presence of humic acid (HA). The mineral dissolution was monitored through analyses of the parameters in solution, phase and element speciation transformations on the mineral surface, and arsenic immobilization on the surfaces of cells and jarosites-HA. The results show that the presence of HA enhances the dissolution of arsenopyrite, e.g., 7.1% of arsenopyrite was in the residue after 12 d of bio-oxidation compared to 19.3% in the absence of HA. Meanwhile, the presence of HA led to changes of the fates of As and Fe and no accumulation of elemental sulfur (S0) or ferric arsenate on the mineral surface. Moreover, a flocculent porous structure was formed on the surfaces of both microbial cells and jarosites, on which a large amount of arsenic was adsorbed. These results clearly indicate that HA can simultaneously promote the dissolution of arsenopyrite and arsenic immobilization, which may be significant for bioleaching of arsenopyrite-bearing contaminated sites.
Arsenates/analysis , Arsenicals/chemistry , Arsenites/analysis , Clostridiales/metabolism , Humic Substances/analysis , Iron Compounds/chemistry , Minerals/chemistry , Sulfides/chemistry , Arsenates/metabolism , Arsenicals/metabolism , Arsenites/metabolism , Biodegradation, Environmental , Ferric Compounds/chemistry , Iron Compounds/metabolism , Minerals/metabolism , Models, Theoretical , Oxidation-Reduction , Solubility , Sulfates/chemistry , Sulfides/metabolism , Surface Properties
Diatoms play an important role in marine biogeochemical cycle of aluminum (Al), as dissolved Al is taken up by diatoms to build their siliceous frustules and is involved in the sedimentation of diatomaceous biogenic silica (BSi). The Al incorporation in BSi facilitates decreasing the dissolution of marine BSi and thus substantially influences the biochemical processes driven by diatoms, such as CO2 sequestration. However, the role of lake BSi in the terrestrial biochemical Al cycle has not been explored, though lakes represent the second-largest sink for BSi. By identifying the previously unexplored high Al/Si atomic ratios (up to 0.052) in lake BSi, here we show lake BSi is a large terrestrial Al pool due to its high Al content, and lake sedimentary BSi constitutes a significant global sink for Al, which is on the same magnitude as the Al sink in global oceans.
Peritoneal metastasis is one of the most important causes of postoperative death in patients with gastric cancer, and the exact mechanism remains unclear. The proliferation of multicellular aggregates of exfoliated malignant gastric cells in the abdominal cavity is the focus of current research. However, the mechanism how gastric cancer multicellular aggregates survive remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that multicellular aggregates of exfoliated gastric cancer cells in the abdominal cavity expressed a stem cell-Like phenotype. We found that Integrin αvß3 not only mediated adhesion of gastric cancer multicellular aggregates to form independent functional units, but also maintained their stem cell-like phenotype by the non-classical pathway Integrin αvß3/ERK1/2/GLI1. In addition, ERK1/2 directly regulates the transcriptional activity of GLI1. GLI1 is a key effector of the Integrin αvß3 pathway in regulating stem cell-like phenotype in multicellular aggregates. Our data indicates that although there is a crosstalk between the non-classical Integrin αvß3 pathway and the classical Hedgehog pathway, the activation of GLI1 is almost independent of the Hedgehog pathway in multicellular aggregates of gastric cancer cells. Our study provides a basis for blocking GLI1 activity in the prevention and treatment of peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer.
Integrin alphaVbeta3/genetics , Peritoneal Neoplasms/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/genetics , Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/genetics , Aged , Cell Aggregation/genetics , Cell Movement/genetics , Cell Proliferation/genetics , Female , Humans , MAP Kinase Signaling System/genetics , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology , Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology , Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Peritoneal Neoplasms/surgery , Signal Transduction/genetics , Stomach Neoplasms/pathology , Stomach Neoplasms/surgery
Halloysite nanotubes were activated via co-calcination of halloysite and the precursors of lanthanum oxycarbonate (LO), generating reactive alumina nanoparticles and uniformly anchoring LO nanoparticles to halloysite surfaces. The resulting LO-alumina combination exhibits record-high phosphate adsorption capacity as well as excellence in adsorption selectivity and sewage phosphate removal.
