Dynamic memristor for physical reservoir computing.

Reservoir computing (RC) has attracted considerable attention for its efficient handling of temporal signals and lower training costs. As a nonlinear dynamic system, RC can map low-dimensional inputs into high-dimensional spaces and implement classification using a simple linear readout layer. The memristor exhibits complex dynamic characteristics due to its internal physical processes, which renders them an ideal choice for the implementation of physical reservoir computing (PRC) systems. This review focuses on PRC systems based on memristors, explaining the resistive switching mechanism at the device level and emphasizing the tunability of their dynamic behavior. The development of memristor-based reservoir computing systems is highlighted, along with discussions on the challenges faced by this field and potential future research directions.

Prevalence of subthreshold depression and its related factors in Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students and to explore the related factors. Methods: The research subjects were Chinese college students participating in the "2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents (PBICR-2022)". Data on respondents' general characteristics, quality of life, perceived pressure, family communication, perceived social support, self-efficacy, and depression status were gathered. To investigate the association between each variable and the risk of subthreshold depression, statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and rank sum tests were conducted. Furthermore, a binary stepwise logistic regression was employed to establish the regression model of the factors related to subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. Results: A prevalence of subthreshold depression of about 39.7 % was found among the 8934 respondents. Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents who are female, have chronic diseases, are in debt, experience significant impacts from epidemic control policies, have lower self-assessed quality of life, experience challenges in family communication, perceive lower social support, have lower self-efficacy, and feel higher perceived pressure are more likely to develop subthreshold depression compared to the control group. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of subthreshold depression among Chinese college students was found to be approximately 40 %. Female college students suffering from chronic diseases, with households in debt, greatly impacted by epidemic control policies, and experiencing high perceived stress, may be at risk for subthreshold depression among Chinese college students. On the other hand, strong family communication, perceived social support, and self-efficacy were identified as potential protective factors. In order to facilitate timely screening, diagnosis, and treatment of subthreshold depression in Chinese college students, it is crucial for the government, local communities, colleges, and families to prioritize the mental health of college students and implement targeted measures accordingly.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and human health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies.

BACKGROUND: Although evidence on the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and human health outcomes has grown exponentially, specific health outcomes and their potential associations with PFASs have not been conclusively evaluated. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search through the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to February 29, 2024, to identify systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies examining the associations between the PFASs and multiple health outcomes. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) tool, and credibility of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria. The protocol of this umbrella review (UR) had been registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023480817). RESULTS: The UR identified 157 meta-analyses from 29 articles. Using the AMSTAR measurement tool, all articles were categorized as of moderate-to-high quality. Based on the GRADE assessment, significant associations between specific types of PFASs and low birth weight, tetanus vaccine response, and triglyceride levels showed high certainty of evidence. Moreover, moderate certainty of evidence with statistical significance was observed between PFASs and health outcomes including lower BMI z-score in infancy, poor sperm progressive motility, and decreased risk of preterm birth as well as preeclampsia. Fifty-two (33%) associations (e.g., PFASs and gestational hypertension, cardiovascular disease, etc) presented low certainty evidence. Additionally, eighty-five (55%) associations (e.g., PFASs with infertility, lipid metabolism, etc) presented very low certainty evidence. CONCLUSION: High certainty of evidence supported that certain PFASs were associated with the incidence of low birth weight, low efficiency of the tetanus vaccine, and low triglyceride levels.

Therapeutic future of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy: An ongoing way to explore.

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is one of the most common corneal diseases that causes loss of visual acuity in the world. FECD is a genetically and pathogenetically heterogeneous disease that results in the failure of corneal endothelial cells to maintain fluid balance and functional homeostasis of the cornea. Corneal edema, central guttae formation, and bullae development are common corneal pathologies. Currently, the mainstay of FECD treatment is surgery. However, limited sources of corneal graft and postsurgical complications remain problematic. In recent years, with advances in medical science and technology, there have been a few promising trials of new treatment modalities for FECD. In addition to new surgical methods, novel modalities can be classified into pharmacological-associated treatment, cell therapy-associated treatment, and gene therapy-associated treatment. In this article, our primary focus is on the most recent clinical trials related to FECD, and we present a stepwise approach to enhance FECD management and ultimately improve patient outcomes. We thoroughly searched for FECD clinical trials and reviewed the study designs, methodologies, and outcomes of each trial conducted within the past decade. It is imperative for physicians to stay up-to-date with these cutting-edge treatment approaches.

Multi-level bioinformatics resources support drug target discovery of protein-protein interactions.

Drug discovery often begins with a new target. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are crucial to multitudinous cellular processes and offer a promising avenue for drug-target discovery. PPIs are characterized by multi-level complexity: at the protein level, interaction networks can be used to identify potential targets, whereas at the residue level, the details of the interactions of individual PPIs can be used to examine a target's druggability. Much great progress has been made in target discovery through multi-level PPI-related computational approaches, but these resources have not been fully discussed. Here, we systematically survey bioinformatics tools for identifying and assessing potential drug targets, examining their characteristics, limitations and applications. This work will aid the integration of the broader protein-to-network context with the analysis of detailed binding mechanisms to support the discovery of drug targets.

Small Molecules Accelerate Skin Wound Healing: Shikonin Efficacy and Mechanism of Action in Mice / Las Moléculas Pequeñas Aceleran la Curación de Heridas en la Piel: Eficacia de Shikonin y Mecanismo de Acción en Ratones

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic wound healing potential and molecular mechanisms of shikonin as small molecules in vitro. A mouse burn model was used to explore the potential therapeutic effect of shikonin; we traced proliferating cells in vivo to locate the active area of skin cell proliferation. Through the results of conventional pathological staining, we found that shikonin has a good effect on the treatment of burned skin and promoted the normal distribution of skin keratin at the damaged site. At the same time, shikonin also promoted the proliferation of skin cells at the damaged site; importantly, we found a significant increase in the number of fibroblasts at the damaged site treated with shikonin. Most importantly, shikonin promotes fibroblasts to repair skin wounds by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This study shows that shikonin can effectively promote the proliferation of skin cell, and local injection of fibroblasts in burned skin can play a certain therapeutic role.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar el potencial terapéutico de cicatrización de heridas y los mecanismos moleculares de la shikonina como moléculas pequeñas in vitro. Se utilizó un modelo de quemaduras en ratones para explorar el posible efecto terapéutico de la shikonina; Rastreamos las células en proliferación in vivo para localizar el área activa de proliferación de células de la piel. A través de los resultados de la tinción para patología convencional, encontramos que la shikonina tiene un buen efecto en el tratamiento de la piel quemada y promueve la distribución normal de la queratina de la piel en el sitio dañado. Al mismo tiempo, la shikonina también promovió la proliferación de células de la piel en el sitio dañado. Es importante destacar que encontramos un aumento significativo en la cantidad de fibroblastos en el sitio dañado tratado con shikonina. Lo más importante es que la shikonina promueve la función reparadora de fibroblastos en las heridas de la piel regulando la vía de señalización PI3K/ AKT. Este estudio muestra que la shikonina puede promover eficazmente la proliferación de células de la piel y que la inyección local de fibroblastos en la piel quemada puede desempeñar un cierto papel terapéutico.

Human-virus protein-protein interactions maps assist in revealing the pathogenesis of viral infection.

Many significant viral infections have been recorded in human history, which have caused enormous negative impacts worldwide. Human-virus protein-protein interactions (PPIs) mediate viral infection and immune processes in the host. The identification, quantification, localization, and construction of human-virus PPIs maps are critical prerequisites for understanding the biophysical basis of the viral invasion process and characterising the framework for all protein functions. With the technological revolution and the introduction of artificial intelligence, the human-virus PPIs maps have been expanded rapidly in the past decade and shed light on solving complicated biomedical problems. However, there is still a lack of prospective insight into the field. In this work, we comprehensively review and compare the effectiveness, potential, and limitations of diverse approaches for constructing large-scale PPIs maps in human-virus, including experimental methods based on biophysics and biochemistry, databases of human-virus PPIs, computational methods based on artificial intelligence, and tools for visualising PPIs maps. The work aims to provide a toolbox for researchers, hoping to better assist in deciphering the relationship between humans and viruses.

Single-Plane Retroperitoneoscopic Adrenalectomy Guided by Indocyanine Green Dye: An Optimized Step.

Background: The objective of this study was to explore the perioperative outcomes of single-plane posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy (SPRA) guided by indocyanine green dye (ICG) fluorescence imaging. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent SPRA from April to September 2023 in our center was conducted. Patients were divided into the ICG group and the non-ICG group, based on whether they received intraoperative ICG fluorescence guided or not. Baseline and perioperative data were recorded and analyzed by R software (R 4.3.1). Results: A total of 23 patients were enrolled in the study, with 12 in the ICG group and 11 in the non-ICG group. The demographics including age, gender, body mass index, or American Society of Anesthesiologists classification showed no significant differences between groups. There were obvious advantages in shortening adrenal gland localization time and total operative time, as well as reducing estimated blood loss in the ICG group compared with the non-ICG group (5.58 ± 0.36 minutes vs 7.55 ± 0.62 minutes, p < 0.001; 27.50 ± 5.46 minutes vs 45.00 ± 10.99 minutes, p < 0.001; 22.91 ± 7.57 mL vs 54.54 ± 18.90 mL, p < 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, patients in the ICG group exhibited significantly lower visual analog pain scale scores at 24 hours postoperatively and at discharge (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). The oral intake intervals, hospital stays, and perioperative complications were comparable between groups. Conclusions: ICG-guided SPRA could be a safe and effective procedure for patients with adrenal tumors. This technique improves the accuracy and efficacy of adrenal gland localization and has shown benefits in perioperative outcomes. The use of ICG fluorescence guidance represents a promising clinical application.

Tautomeric cinnamoylphloroglucinol-monoterpene adducts from Cleistocalyx operculatus and their antiviral activities.

Guided by 1H NMR spectroscopic experiments using the characteristic enol proton signals as probes, three pairs of new tautomeric cinnamoylphloroglucinol-monoterpene adducts (1-3) were isolated from the buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus. Their structures with absolute configurations were established by spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher's method, and quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculation. Compounds 1-3 represent a novel class of cinnamoylphloroglucinol-monoterpene adducts featuring an unusual C-4-C-1' linkage between 2,2,4-trimethyl-cinnamyl-ß-triketone and modified linear monoterpenoid motifs. Notably, compounds 1-3 exhibited significant in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Myopia: Its Status and Environmental Correlations Among School Students in Fushun, China.

Our objective was to investigate the status and influence of myopia among primary school students in Fushun, Liaoning Province, China. We aimed to provide a theoretical and epistemological basis for implementing myopia prevention initiatives. We employed cluster sampling and surveyed 5216 primary school students from grades 1-6 across eight primary schools in Fushun City. Our participants included 2606 males and 2610 females whose average age was 9.25 (SD = 1.76) years. The rate of myopia among these primary school students was 29.54%, with statistically significant differences among students of different genders and grades. Logistic regression analysis further identified several possible protective factors, including appropriate reading distance, adequate home lighting, regular breaks between classes, conscientious eye exercises, and daily outdoor physical activity. Conversely, the associated risk factors were being female, being in a higher grade level, spending more than 4 hours on homework, occasionally reading while lying down, and having one or both parents with myopia. Overall, our results indicated a high incidence of myopia, highlighting the need for scientifically controlled interventions to manage and mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia in this population.

Bladder neck contracture following transurethral surgery of prostate: a retrospective single-center study.

PURPOSE: Bladder neck contracture (BNC) is a rare but intolerant complication after transurethral surgery of prostate. The present study aims to investigate the incidence and risk factors of BNC in patients diagnosed benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and following transurethral resection or enucleation of the prostate (TURP/TUEP). METHODS: This retrospective study included 1008 BPH individuals who underwent transurethral surgery of the prostate between January 2017 and January 2022. Patients' demographics, medical comorbidities, urologic characteristics, perioperative parameters, and the presence of BNC were documented. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 2% (20/1008) BPH patients developed BNC postoperatively and the median occurring time was 5.8 months. Particularly, the incidences of BNC were 4.7% and 1.3% in patients underwent Bipolar-TURP and TUEP respectively. Preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI), elevated PSA, smaller prostate volume (PV), bladder diverticulum (BD), and B-TURP were significantly associated with BNC in the univariate analysis. Further multivariate logistic regression demonstrated preoperative UTI (OR 4.04, 95% CI 2.25 to 17.42, p < 0.001), BD (OR 7.40, 95% CI 1.83 to 31.66, p < 0.001), and B-TURP (OR 3.97, 95% CI 1.55 to 10.18, p = 0.004) as independent risk factors. All BNC patients were treated with transurethral incision of the bladder neck (TUIBN) combined with local multisite injection of betamethasone. During a median follow-up of 35.8 months, 35% (7/20) of BNC patients recurred at a median time of 1.8 months. CONCLUSION: BNC was a low-frequency complication following transurethral surgery of prostate. Preoperative UTI, BD, and B-TURP were likely independent risk factors of BNC. TUIBN combined with local multisite injection of betamethasone may be promising choice for BNC treatment.

Secoiridoid glycosides from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity.

Seven new secoiridoid glycosides (1-7), together with a known analogue (8), were isolated from the fruits of Ligustrum lucidum. Their structures with absolute configurations were determined by HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopic analysis, as well as biogenetic consideration. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first examples of secoiridoid glycoside dimers featuring a rare rearranged oleoside-type secoiridoid moiety, and compounds 3-7 represent a new class of oleoside-type secoiridoid glycosides with unusual stereochemistry at C-1 position. A plausible biosynthetic pathway for this group of unusual secoiridoid glycosides was also proposed herein. In addition, the isolates were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity, and all tested compounds exhibited modest inhibitory effects against nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.

Clinical characteristics, treatment, and survival of 30 patients with gastrointestinal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the second most frequent extranasal involvement site for ENKTL. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathological features, treatment models, survival outcomes, and prognosis of gastrointestinal ENKTL (GI-ENKTL). METHODS: The clinical data of GI-ENKTL patients were extracted from the China Lymphoma Collaborative Group (CLCG) database and were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients were enrolled, with a male/female ratio of 4:1 and a median age of 42 years. Twenty-nine patients received chemotherapy, of whom 15 patients received asparaginase-based (ASP-based) regimens. Moreover, seven received surgery and three received radiotherapy. The overall response an d complete remission rates were 50.0% and 30.0% for the whole cohort, 50.0% and 37.5% for patients treated with ASP-based regimens, and 50.0% and 25.0% for those treated with non-ASP-based regimens, respectively. The median follow-up was 12.9 months and the 1-year overall survival rate was 40.0% for the whole cohort. For those patients in an early stage, ASP-based regimens resulted in a superior 1-year progression-free survival rate compared to non-ASP-based regimens (100.0% vs. 36.0%, p = .07). However, ASP-based regimens did not improve survival in patients at an advanced stage. CONCLUSION: GI-ENKTL still has a poor prognosis, even in the era of modern asparaginase-based treatment strategies.

Inhibition of glutamatergic neurons in layer II/III of the medial prefrontal cortex alleviates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and anxiety.

Paclitaxel-treated patients frequently experience chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and mood changes, such as anxiety. Layer II/III of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is vital for generating pain and emotions. However, it is unclear whether glutamatergic neurons in layer II/III of the mPFC are involved in regulating paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and anxiety. Here, we determined the role of glutamatergic neurons in layer II/III of the mPFC in paclitaxel (4 mg/kg/d, consecutive 8 days, intraperitoneal injection, cumulative dose: 32 mg/kg)-induced pain and anxiety by using a combination of behavior testing's, immunostaining, chemogenetics, optogenetics, fiberphotometry, and morphological approaches. The number of c-Fos-positive neurons expressing calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) (CaMKII-positive neurons) were increased in layer II/III of the mPFC in paclitaxel-treated mice. Selectively inhibiting CaMKII-positive neurons in layer II/III of the mPFC with chemogenetic or optogenetic approaches relieved paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and anxiety. Furthermore, paclitaxel treatment increased calcium signals in layer II/III of the mPFC CaMKII-positive neurons expressed GCaMP6m. In addition, Golgi staining was performed to analyze that basal and apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in layer II/III of the mPFC. Compared with vehicle-treated mice, paclitaxel-treated mice displayed longer and more branches and increased spine density in layer II/III of the mPFC. Further electron microscopy analysis revealed that asymmetrical synapses and postsynaptic density 95 thickness were significantly increased in layer II/III of the mPFC in paclitaxel-treated mice. These data suggest that CaMKII neurons in the mPFC layer II/III are importantly involved in paclitaxel-induced pain and anxiety.

Paclitaxel induces cognitive impairment via necroptosis, decreased synaptic plasticity and M1 polarisation of microglia.

CONTEXT: Paclitaxel (PTX) leads to chemotherapy brain (chemo-brain) which is characterised by cognitive impairment. It has been reported that necroptosis is associated with cognitive impairment in some neurodegenerative diseases, but it is not clear whether it is related to the development of chemo-brain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of necroptosis and related changes in PTX-induced cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C57bl/6n mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, vehicle, and different concentrations of PTX (6, 8, 10 mg/kg). Two additional groups received pre-treatment with Gdcl3 or PBS through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection before PTX-treatment. Cognitive function, necroptosis, synaptic plasticity and microglia polarisation were analysed. RESULTS: PTX (10 mg/kg) induced significant cognitive impairment, accompanied by changes in synaptic plasticity, including decreased density of PSD95 (0.65-fold), BDNF (0.44-fold) and dendritic spines (0.57-fold). PTX induced necroptosis of 53.41% (RIP3) and 61.91% (MLKL) in hippocampal neurons, with high expression of RIP3 (1.58-fold) compared with the control group. MLKL (1.87-fold) exhibited the same trend, reaching a peak on the 14th day. The increased expression of iNOS (1.63-fold) and inflammatory factors such as TNF-α (1.85-fold) and IL-ß (1.89-fold) compared to the control group suggests that M1 polarisation of microglia is involved in the process of cognitive impairment. Pre-treatment with Gdcl3 effectively reduced the number of microglia (0.50-fold), inhibited the release of TNF-α (0.73-fold) and IL-ß (0.56-fold), and improved cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: We established a stable animal model of PTX-induced cognitive impairment and explored the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. These findings can guide the future treatment of chemo-brain.

A previous hemorrhagic stroke protects against a subsequent stroke via microglia alternative polarization.

Microglia in hemorrhagic stroke contribute to both acute-phase exacerbation and late-phase attenuation of injury. Here, by using the mouse model, we reported that the shift in polarization of microglia from M1 to M2 phenotype could be altered by a past 'mini' stroke, resulting in better neurological function recovery, faster attenuation of lesion volume, and better survival. In mice with a previous stroke, M2 predominance appeared markedly in advance compared to mice without a previous stroke. Mechanistically, the RBC-mediated M2 polarization of microglia was synergistically enhanced by T cells: microglia cocultured with RBCs alone resulted in mild alterations to M2 markers, whereas in the presence of T cells, they expressed an early and sustained M2 response. These results suggest that by harnessing the microglia-mediated M2 polarization response, we could help mitigate devastating sequelae before a prospective hemorrhagic stroke even happens.

[Research progress of graft application in promoting rotator cuff tendon-bone healing].

The incidence of re-tearing after rotator cuff repair is very high. The main reason is that the tendon-osseous junction after the operation is scar healed. In response to this problem, research in recent years has focused on the application of grafts, including cell transplantation, periosteum transplantation, cartilage transplantation, and biosynthetic transplantation. Cell transplantation is mainly a variety of stem cells from different sources. The current research has confirmed that it can achieve better results. The combined application of exosomes and stem cells may be the future development direction. Periosteum transplantation is a promising intervention method, but few clinical applications at present, and there are problems such as limited sources of materials and secondary trauma from the materials. Tissue engineered periostium and artificial bionic periostium may be alternatives to periosteal;cartilage transplantation can promote the regeneration of cartilage at the tendon-osseous junction and facilitate tendon-bone healing. However, there are also limited materials and secondary damage. There is no better solution to this problem. The slow degradation of inorganic composites and the poor effect of single use limit its application; biological derivatives have immunogenicity, poor biomechanics and other issues, there is currently no proper solution; organic synthetic grafts pay more attention to simulating the structure of the physiological tendon-osseointegration zone, and show good results in tendon-bone healing, and have good application prospects. In addition, most of the above-mentioned application research of different grafts stays at the cellular and animal level, and more research is needed in clinical application. This article briefly reviews the application status, advantages, disadvantages and development trends of the above-mentioned different grafts, in order to provide certain guidance for the clinical treatment of rotator cuff tears.

[Comparative study on arthroscopic double posterior medial approach versus open surgery for acute simple posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To compare difference in clnical efficacy between arthroscopic double posterior internal approach and incisional surgery for acute simple posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures. METHODS: Totally 52 patients with acute simple posterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures treated from June 2016 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into two groups according to different surgical protocols, 27 patients in arthroscopic group were treated with arthroscopic double posterior internal approach, including 16 males and 11 females, aged from 19 to 52 years old, with an average age of (34.9±9.2) years old;25 patients in open reduction group were treated with posterior medial knee incision, including 14 males and 11 females, aged from 18 to 54 years old , with an average age of(33.7±8.4) years old. Operation time, incision length, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization days, hospitalization cost, fracture healing, complications, postoperative Lysholm score and IKDC score at 12 months were observed and compared between two groups. RESULTS: All patients in both groups were completed opertaion successfully without vascular or nerve injury, and 52 patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of (15.0±1.7) months. Operation time and hospitalization cost in arthroscopic group were significantly greater than those in open reduction group(P<0.05);intraoperative bleeding, incision length, and hospitalization days in arthroscopic group were less than those in open reduction group(P<0.05);preoperative Lysholm score in arthroscopic group and open reduction group were 49.1±2.3 and 48.9±1.1 respectively, and improved to 95.9±1.7 and 86.4±1.2 at 12 months after operation respectively(P<0.05);preoperative IKDC scores in arthroscopic group and open reduction group were 47.6±4.1 and 48.1±3.9 respectively, and improved to 96.9±1.5 and 87.1±1.4 at 12 months after operation(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic double posterior internal approach for acute simple posterior cruciate ligament tibial stop avulsion fracture has satisfactory early results and better efficacy than traditional open surgery, which has advantages of less trauma, faster recovery and easier operation.