[Research progress on the mechanism of the impact of maternal childhood trauma on intergenerational transmission]. / æ¯äº²ç«¥å¹´æœŸåˆ›ä¼¤å¯¹ä»£é™ ä¼ é€’å½±å“æœºåˆ¶çš„ç ”ç©¶è¿›å±•.

Childhood trauma refers to trauma experiences encountered during childhood and adolescence. Maternal childhood trauma experiences have a lasting impact on the next generation, affecting their physical and mental well-being. The mechanisms involved include the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammatory factors, brain structure and function, gene interactions, and parenting styles. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of the impact of maternal childhood trauma on intergenerational transmission, providing insights for the prevention of intergenerational transmission of childhood trauma.

Two new baccharane triterpenes isolated from Rhus chinensis.

Two new baccharane triterpenes, 17,24-epoxy-23-en-baccharan-3-one (1) and 17,24(S)-epoxy-25-en-21-hydroxy-baccharan-3-one (2) were isolated from Rhus chinensis Mill. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

Transition metal-free [3 + 3] annulation of cyclopropanols with ß-enamine esters to assemble nicotinate derivatives.

A metal-free and efficient approach for the synthesis of structurally important nicotinates through 4-HO-TEMPO-mediated [3 + 3] annulation of cyclopropanols with ß-enamine esters is presented. This protocol features high atom efficiency, green waste, simple operation and broad substrate scope. Moreover, the experiments of gram-scale synthesis and recovery of oxidants make this strategy more sustainable and practical.

A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study of sarcopenia-related traits and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background: There is increasing evidence pointing to a close relationship between sarcopenia and inflammatory bowel disease. However, it remains unclear whether or in which direction causal relationships exist, because these associations could be confounded. Methods: We conducted a two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization analysis using data from European genome-wide association studies of the appendicular lean mass(n = 450,243), walking pace(n = 459,915), grip strength (left hand, n = 461,026; right hand, n = 461,089), inflammatory bowel disease (25,042 patients and 34,915 controls), ulcerative colitis (12,366 patients and 33,609 controls), and Crohn's disease (12,194 patients and 28,072 controls) to investigate the causal relationship between sarcopenia-related traits and inflammatory bowel disease and its subtypes on each other. The inverse-variance weighted method was used as the primary analysis method to assess the causality, and a comprehensive sensitivity test was conducted. Results: Genetically predicted appendicular lean mass was significantly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (OR = 0.916, 95%CI: 0.853-0.984, P = 0.017), ulcerative colitis (OR =0.888, 95%CI: 0.813-0.971, P = 0.009), and Crohn's disease (OR = 0.905, 95%CI: 0.820-0.999, P = 0.049). Similar results also revealed that the usual walking pace was causally associated with Crohn's disease (OR = 0.467, 95%CI: 0.239-0.914, P = 0.026). Reverse mendelian randomization analysis results found that genetic susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease, and Crohn's disease were associated with lower appendicular lean mass. A series of sensitivity analyses ensured the reliability of the present research results. Conclusion: The mendelian randomization study supports a bidirectional causality between inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease and appendicular lean mass, but no such bidirectional causal relationship was found in ulcerative colitis. In addition, genetically predicted usual walking pace may reduce the risk of Crohn's disease. These findings have clinical implications for sarcopenia and inflammatory bowel disease management.

Polymer Dielectrics with Outstanding Dielectric Characteristics via Passivation with Oxygen Atoms through C-F Vacancy Carbonylation.

The development of advanced electrical equipment necessitates polymer dielectrics with a higher electric strength. Unfortunately, this bottleneck problem has yet to be solved because current material modification methods do not allow direct control of deep traps. Here, we propose a method for directly passivating deep traps. Measurements of nanoscale microregion charge characteristics and trap parameters reveal a significant reduction in the number of deep traps. The resulting polymer dielectric has an impressively high electrical strength, less surface charge accumulation, and a significantly increased flashover voltage and breakdown strength. In addition, the energy storage density is increased without sacrificing the charge-discharge efficiency. This reveals a new approach to increasing the energy storage density by reducing the trap energy levels at the electrode-dielectric interface. We further calculated and analyzed the microscopic physical mechanism of deep trap passivation based on density functional theory and characterized the contributions of orbital composition and orbital hybridization.

Four sesquiterpenes isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum.

One new sesquiterpene, (6S,7R,11S)-13-carboxy-1(10)-en-dihydroartemisinic acid (1), together with three known sesquiterpenes, ainsliaea acid B (2), mongolicumin B (3), and 11ß,13-dihydroxydeacetylmatricarin (4) were isolated from Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. The structures were established on the basis of UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, ECD spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 was found to have potential anti-inflammatory activity and could reduce LPS-induced NO levels in murine macrophage, with inhibitory rate of 37%.

DNA Double-Strand Break-Related Competitive Endogenous RNA Network of Noncoding RNA in Bovine Cumulus Cells.

(1) Background: DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most serious form of DNA damage that affects oocyte maturation and the physiological state of follicles and ovaries. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in DNA damage and repair. This study aims to analyze and establish the network of ncRNAs when DSB occurs and provide new ideas for next research on the mechanism of cumulus DSB. (2) Methods: Bovine cumulus cells (CCs) were treated with bleomycin (BLM) to construct a DSB model. We detected the changes of the cell cycle, cell viability, and apoptosis to determine the effect of DSBs on cell biology, and further evaluated the relationship between the transcriptome and competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and DSBs. (3) Results: BLM increased γH2AX positivity in CCs, disrupted the G1/S phase, and decreased cell viability. Totals of 848 mRNAs, 75 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 68 circular RNAs (circRNAs), and 71 microRNAs (miRNAs) in 78 groups of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, 275 groups of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks, and five groups of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA co-expression regulatory networks were related to DSBs. Most differentially expressed ncRNAs were annotated to cell cycle, p53, PI3K-AKT, and WNT signaling pathways. (4) Conclusions: The ceRNA network helps to understand the effects of DNA DSBs activation and remission on the biological function of CCs.

CiRS-187 regulates BMPR2 expression by targeting miR-187 in bovine cumulus cells treated with BMP15 and GDF9.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in regulating biological processes. However, the contributions of circRNAs to BMPR2 regulation during follicle development remain unknown. In this study, we first verified the optimal conditions for BMP15 and GDF9 treatment in bovine cumulus cells. Then, we screened and identified candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that may target the BMPR2 3'UTR with TargetScan, a luciferase reporter assay and RT-qPCR. Next, we transfected miR-187 into bovine cumulus cells, and the results showed that miR-187 regulated BMPR2 and inhibited its expression. To explore the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism, we predicted the sponging circRNAs of miR-187 and identified ciRS-187. We further detected miR-187 and BMPR2 expression and apoptosis levels upon knockdown of ciRS-187 and found that ciRS-187 upregulated BMPR2 expression. The results provide a theoretical basis for a ceRNA mechanism of circRNAs related to follicle development.

Silencing circ_0000644 inhibits papillary thyroid cancer cell malignancy by combining with miR-671-5p to release the inhibition on ANXA2.

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is life-threatening due to its malignant progression. Considerable evidence demonstrates that circular RNA (circRNA) regulates PTC development. This study aims to explore the mechanism of circ_0000644 modulating PTC malignant progression. METHODS: The RNA levels of circ_0000644, microRNA-671-5p (miR-671-5p) and annexin A2 (ANXA2) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot was performed to check protein expression. Cell proliferation and cell apoptosis were investigated by 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine and flow cytometry. Angiogenic capacity, migration and invasion were analyzed by tube formation assay and transwell assay. The interaction between miR-671-5p and circ_0000644 or ANXA2 was identified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was performed to analyze the effect of circ_0000644 on tumor formation in vivo. RESULTS: Circ_0000644 and ANXA2 expression was significantly upregulated, while miR-671-5p was downregulated in PTC tissues and cells when compared with control groups. Circ_0000644 knockdown inhibited PTC cell proliferation, tube formation, migration, and invasion, but induced apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, circ_0000644 knockdown led to delayed tumorigenesis in vivo. In addition, circ_0000644 acted as a miR-671-5p sponge and mediated PTC cell tumor properties through miR-671-5p. ANXA2 was identified as a target gene of miR-671-5p, and its overexpression relieved miR-671-5p-induced effects in PTC cells. Furthermore, circ_0000644 depletion inhibited ANXA2 production by combining with miR-671-5p. CONCLUSION: Circ_0000644 depletion repressed PTC cell tumor properties through the miR-671-5p/ANXA2 axis.

Self-assembled wide bandgap nanocoatings enabled outstanding dielectric characteristics in the sandwich-like structure polymer composites.

Polymer dielectrics are insulators or energy storage materials widely used in electrical and electronic devices. Polymer dielectrics are needed with outstanding dielectric characteristics than current technologies. In this study, the self-assembly of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) was applied to form an inorganic-organic nanocoating on various common polymer dielectrics. It is inexpensive and easy to fabricate this thin coating on a large scale. The coating has a wide bandgap and thus can significantly improve the breakdown strength of polymer dielectrics. The charge characteristics and trapping parameters of nano-domains on the surfaces of polymer dielectrics were measured, and the coating had shallow trap levels. This facilitated the dissipation of surface charges and thus greatly increased the flashover voltage. The coating also effectively improved the temperature stability and dielectric constant of the polymer dielectric. This nanocoating shows potential as a method to effectively improve the dielectric characteristics of polymer dielectrics and outperform existing composite polymer dielectrics, which are crucial for large-scale applications in energy storage and power and electronic devices.

Insights Into to the KX (X = Cl, Br, I) Adsorption-Assisted Stabilization of CsPbI2 Br Surface.

Despite the excellent optoelectronic properties, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) still present significant challenges in terms of ambient stability. CsPbI2 Br, a member of all-inorganic perovskites, may respond to this challenge because of its inherent high stability against light, moisture, and heat, and therefore has gained tremendous attraction recently. However, the practical application of CsPbI2 Br is still impeded by the notorious phenomenon of photoinduced halide segregation. Herein, by applying first-principles calculations, the stability, electronic structure, defect properties, and ion-diffusion properties of the stoichiometric CsPbI2 Br (110) surface and that with the adsorption of KX (X = Cl, Br, I) are systematically investigated. It is found that the adsorbed KX can serve as an external substitute of the halogen vacancies on the surface, therefore inhibiting halogen segregation and improving the stability of the CsPbI2 Br surface. The KX can also eliminate deep-level defect states caused by antisites, thereby contributing to the promoted optoelectronic properties of CsPbI2 Br. The mechanistic understanding of surface passivation in this work can lay the foundation for the future design of CsPbI2 Br PSCs with optimized optoelectronic performance.

Two new sesquiterpene dimers isolated from the roots of Saussurea lappa (Yunmuxiang).

Two new sesquiterpene dimers, lappadimers A and B, were isolated from the roots of Saussurea lappa (Yunmuxiang). Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods. They were found to have potential anti-inflammatory activity at 10 µM and could reduce LPS-induced NO levels in murine macrophage, with inhibitory rates of 67% and 47%, respectively.

Insights into the Electrochemical Stability and Lithium Conductivity of Li4MS4 (M = Si, Ge, and Sn).

The design of solid electrolytes with a wide electrochemical stability window and high Li-ion conductivity is a prerequisite for the realization of all solid-state Li batteries, which promises to enable extraordinary levels of safety for the battery system and may potentially revolutionize the energy storage field. Among all the promising inorganic solid electrolytes, Li4MS4 (M = Si, Ge, and Sn) with a crystal structure of Pnma symmetry have recently been recommended due to their good air stability and ionic conductivity. Here, we employ ab initio simulations to conduct a systematic investigation of the electrochemical stability and Li conductivity of Li4MS4 compounds. Our computation results reveal that the edge-sharing and face-sharing characteristics of LiS4 and LiS6 polyhedra not only facilitate the formation of a percolating Li diffusion network but would severely destabilize the crystal structure as well, thus resulting in a rather narrow electrochemical window. Although the stronger M-S bonds manifested in Li4SiS4 can benefit the overall stability, unfortunately, it also contributes to a more rugged energy landscape that inhibits Li diffusion. Li4SnS4 with a less densely packed lattice exhibits a substantially lower energy for Li ions to be accommodated at interstitial sites, which is a trigger for high Li conductivity in the bulk material, reaching 11 mS/cm at room temperature. The fast Li diffusion occurs through the concerted migration of multiple Li ions at lattice and interstitial sites. These findings open up new possibilities for the rational design of Li4MS4 (M = Si, Ge, and Sn) solid electrolytes for next-generation Li batteries.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of long noncoding RNAs in longissimus muscle tissue from Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle.

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified in many species, and some of them have been shown to play important roles in muscle development and myogenesis. However, the differences in lncRNAs between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle remain undefined; therefore, we aimed to confirm whether lncRNAs are differentially expressed in the longissimus dorsi between these two types of cattle and whether differentially expressed lncRNAs regulate muscle differentiation. METHODS: We used RNA-seq technology to identify lncRNAs in longissimus muscles from these cattle. The expression of lncRNAs were analyzed using StringTie (1.3.1) in terms of the fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads values of the encoding genes. The differential expression of the transcripts in the two samples were analyzed using the DESeq R software package. The resulting false discovery rate was controlled by the Benjamini and Hochberg's approach. KOBAS software was utilized to measure the expression of different genes in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathways. We randomly selected eight lncRNA genes and validated them by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: We found that 182 lncRNA transcripts, including 102 upregulated and 80 downregulated transcripts, were differentially expressed between Kazakh cattle and Xinjiang brown cattle. The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the sequencing results. Enrichment analysis and functional annotation of the target genes revealed that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3k)/Akt signaling pathways. We also constructed a lncRNA/mRNA coexpression network for the PI3k/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Our study provides insights into cattle muscle-associated lncRNAs and will contribute to a more thorough understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying muscle growth and development in cattle.

CPEB3 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of bovine cumulus cells.

Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) is a member of the Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding family, which has been found to regulate the translation of dormant and masked mRNA in Xenopus oocytes and plays potential roles in regulating biological functions in cells and tissues. However, its role in cumulus cells is not clear. In this study, the mRNA expression of CPEB3 in bovine cumulus cells was inhibited with small interfering RNA. Cell cycle progression, proliferation, and apoptosis were measured after inhibition of CPEB3. Subsequently, changes in intracellular Reactive oxygen species content, mitochondrial membrane potential and expansion-related gene expression were examined. The results showed that after CPEB3 inhibition, cumulus cells had an abnormal cell cycle, the numbers of cells in the S and G2/M phases were significantly increased, cell proliferation was increased and apoptosis rates were decreased. These effects were likely due CPEB3 inhibition-induced decreases in intracellular Reactive oxygen species levels; increases in mitochondrial membrane potential; decreases in apoptosis; downregulation of CCNA, CCND, CCNE, CDK2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27 mRNA expression; and upregulation of CCNB, CDK1, HAS2, PTGS2, PTX3, and CEBPB mRNA expression. Therefore, CPEB3 plays potential roles in regulating the biological and physiological functions of bovine cumulus cell.

[Moderated mediation analysis for symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder with the symptoms of anxiety in children].

OBJECTIVE: To study the moderated mediation for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with the symptoms of anxiety in children. METHODS: A total of 12 271 students were included with an average age of 8.9±1.9 years, including 6 743 male students and 5 508 female students, and 20 students with missing data on gender. Child psychological trauma questionnaires (parents version) and Conners questionnaires (parent version) were completed by the parents of primary school students. The data was studied by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis and moderated mediation analysis. RESULTS: The results of the univariate analysis showed that in all subjects, boys, and girls, the scores of hyperactivity index and childhood trauma were positively correlated with the score of anxiety (P<0.01), and ADHD and childhood trauma positively predicted anxiety disorder (P<0.001). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that in all subjects, boys, and girls, the scores of hyperactivity index (ADHD symptoms) and childhood trauma positively predicted the score of anxiety (P<0.001), and both ADHD and childhood trauma positively predicted anxiety disorder (P<0.001). The results of the moderated mediation analysis showed that childhood trauma was a mediating factor for the relationship between hyperactivity index and anxiety index in boys and girls (P<0.05), and sex moderated the relationship between hyperactivity index and anxiety index (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ADHD symptoms/ADHD are closely associated with anxiety symptoms/anxiety disorder. Childhood trauma exerts a mediating effect on the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety symptoms, and sex moderates the relationship between ADHD symptoms and anxiety symptoms.

Imperatorin improves in vitro porcine embryo development by reducing oxidative stress and autophagy.

Imperatorin (IMP), a furanocoumarin derivative with many biological properties and pharmacological activities, is widely used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, cardiovascular and neuroprotective agent. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of IMP on early embryo development in pigs as well as the potential mechanisms. Our results showed that IMP can enhance the developmental competence of porcine early embryos. Supplementation of in vitro culture medium with 40 µM IMP significantly increased the blastocyst rate and total cell number. At the same time, apoptosis of blastocysts was also significantly decreased in the supplemented group compared with the control group, in accordance with the subsequent results of FAS and CASP3 gene expression analysis. Furthermore, IMP attenuated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. Importantly, IMP not only improved the activity of mitochondria but also inhibited the occurrence of autophagy. In addition, pluripotency-related genes (OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2) and a growth and metabolism regulatory gene (mTOR) were upregulated after IMP supplementation on Day 7. These results demonstrate that IMP exerts a beneficial effect on preimplantation embryo development by reducing oxidative stress and autophagy.

ssc-miR-204 regulates porcine preadipocyte differentiation and apoptosis by targeting TGFBR1 and TGFBR2.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) take part in a variety of biological processes by regulating target genes. Transforming growth factor ß receptor 1 (TGFBR1) and TGFBR2 are crucial members of the TGF-ß family and are serine/threonine kinase receptors. The aim of this study was to explore the functions of ssc-miR-204 in porcine preadipocyte differentiation and apoptosis with regard to the TGFß/Smad pathway. We identified miRNAs predicted to target TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 using a database and selected ssc-miR-204 as a candidate miRNA. ssc-miR-204 overexpression dramatically reduced the levels of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. However, after transfection with ssc-miR-204 inhibitor, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 levels were dramatically increased. ssc-miR-204 overexpression dramatically promoted porcine preadipocyte differentiation and apoptosis. After transfection with ssc-miR-204 inhibitor, porcine preadipocyte differentiation and apoptosis were dramatically inhibited. After transfection with ssc-miR-204 mimics, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 protein levels significantly decreased, and adipogenesis was regulated by inhibiting the TGF-ß/Smad3 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results verified that ssc-miR-204 regulates porcine preadipocyte differentiation and apoptosis by targeting TGFBR1 and TGFBR2.

Green Emission Induced by Intrinsic Defects in All-Inorganic Perovskite CsPb2Br5.

All-inorganic perovskites with improved stability are expected to be better candidates for optoelectronics, compared to organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites. A new member of all-inorganic perovskites, CsPb2Br5, has attracted great attention for its promising applications in optoelectronic devices. However, the origins of the green emission in CsPb2Br5 have been actively debated. By using first-principles calculations, we find that CsPb and VBr are dominant intrinsic defects independent of the growth conditions within the stable region of CsPb2Br5. Interestingly, we suggest that individual intrinsic defects do not lead to the green emission of CsPb2Br5, while the donor-acceptor pair recombination of CsPb and VBr possibly does. Our findings provide new insights into the experimental controversy about the green emission and its origins in CsPb2Br5 from the perspective of intrinsic defects, which help to extend the application of CsPb2Br5 in optoelectronic devices.

Metagenomic analysis reveals the effects of long-term antibiotic pressure on sludge anaerobic digestion and antimicrobial resistance risk.

Continuous stirred-tank digesters with tetracyclines and sulfonamides were operated to investigate the impacts of antibiotic pressure on sludge anaerobic digestion. The versatile methanogen Methanosarcinales and strictly hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanobacteriales increased and decreased by 21.1% and 10.9% under antibiotic pressure, respectively. KEGG analysis revealed that hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenesis pathways were all affected. The decrease in abundance of function genes involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and fatty acid degradation, would lead to a reduction in methane production by 25%. Network analysis indicated positive associations among tetracycline residuals, abundance of resistance genes (ARGs), and specific member of potential hosts. Over 1000 ARG subtypes were widely detected in sludge, including macrolide (28%), tetracycline (24%), fluoroquinolone (20%), and peptide (20%) resistance genes. AD process exposed to long-term antibiotic would increase the diversity and abundance of ARG, enhance the association of ARG with specific microbes, and select bacteria able to perform chemotaxis mechanism.