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The further practical applications of Li-rich layered oxides are impeded by voltage decay and redox asymmetry, which are closely related to the structural degradation involving irreversible transition metal migration. It has been demonstrated that the superstructure ordering in O2-type materials can effectively suppress voltage decay and redox asymmetry. Herein, we elucidate that the absence of this superstructure ordering arrangement in a Ru-based O2-type oxide can still facilitate the highly reversible transition metal migration. We certify that Ru in superstructure-free O2-type structure can unlock a quite different migration path from Mn in mostly studied cases. The highly reversible migration of Ru helps the cathode maintain the structural robustness, thus realizing terrific capacity retention with neglectable voltage decay and inhibited oxygen redox asymmetry. We untie the knot that the absence of superstructure ordering fails to enable a high-performance Li-rich layered oxide cathode material with suppressed voltage decay and redox asymmetry.
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Reconstruction-engineered electrocatalysts with enriched high active Ni species for urea oxidation reaction (UOR) have recently become promising candidates for energy conversion. However, to inhibit the over-oxidation of urea brought by the high valence state of Ni, tremendous efforts are devoted to obtaining low-value products of nitrogen gas to avoid toxic nitrite formation, undesirably causing inefficient utilization of the nitrogen cycle. Herein, we proposed a mediation engineering strategy to significantly boost high-value nitrite formation to help close a loop for the employment of a nitrogen economy. Specifically, platinum-loaded nickel phosphides (Pt-Ni2P) catalysts exhibit a promising nitrite production rate (0.82â mol kWh-1 cm-2), high stability over 66â h of Zn-urea-air battery operation, and 135â h of co-production of nitrite and hydrogen under 200â mA cm-2 in a zero-gap membrane electrode assembly (MEA) system. The in situ spectroscopic characterizations and computational calculations demonstrated that the urea oxidation kinetics is facilitated by enriched dynamic Ni3+ active sites, thus augmenting the "cyanate" UOR pathway. The C-N cleavage was further verified as the rate-determining step for nitrite generation.
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O3-type layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted extensive attention due to their inherently sufficient Na content, which have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for practical applications. However, influenced by the irreversible oxygen loss and the phase transition of O3-P3, the O3-type cathodes are always limited by low cutoff voltages (typically <4.2 V), restraining the full release of the capacity. In this study, we originally propose a dual-reductive coupling mechanism in a novel O3-type Na0.8Li0.2Fe0.2Ru0.6O2 cathode with the suppressed O3-P3 phase transition, aiming at improving the reversibility of oxygen redox at high voltage regions. Consequently, thanks to the formation of the strong covalent Fe/Ru-(O-O) bonding and inhibited slab gliding from the O to P phase, the cathode delivers the preeminent cyclic stability among the numerous O3-type cathodes within a high voltage of 4.5 V (a capacity retention of 95.4% after 100 cycles within 1.5-4.5 V). More importantly, HAADF-STEM and 7Li solid-state NMR results reveal the absence of transition metal migration and the presence of reversible Li migration during cycling, which further contributes to the improved structural robustness of the cathode. This study proposes an innovative strategy to boost the reversibility of anionic redox and to achieve stable high-voltage O3-type layered oxides, promoting the further development of SIBs.
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Electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production (EHPP) via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e- ORR) provides a promising alternative to replace the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. M-N-C electrocatalysts, which consist of atomically dispersed transition metals and nitrogen-doped carbon, have demonstrated considerable EHPP efficiency. However, their full potential, particularly regarding the correlation between structural configurations and performances in neutral media, remains underexplored. Herein, a series of ultralow metal-loading M-N-C electrocatalysts are synthesized and investigated for the EHPP process in the neutral electrolyte. CoNCB material with the asymmetric Co-C/N/O configuration exhibits the highest EHPP activity and selectivity among various as-prepared M-N-C electrocatalyst, with an outstanding mass activity (6.1 × 105 A gCo-1 at 0.5 V vs. RHE), and a high practical H2O2 production rate (4.72 mol gcatalyst-1 h-1 cm-2). Compared with the popularly recognized square-planar symmetric Co-N4 configuration, the superiority of asymmetric Co-C/N/O configurations is elucidated by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy analysis and computational studies.
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Hydrogen production from water electrolysis provides a green and sustainable route. Platinum (Pt)-based materials have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the large-scale commercialization of Pt-based catalysts suffers from the high cost. Therefore, ultralow-Pt-loading electrocatalysts, which can reach the balance of low cost and high HER performance, have attracted much attention. In this review, representative promising synthetic strategies, including wet chemistry, annealing, electrochemistry, photochemistry, and atomic layer deposition are summarized. Further, the interaction between different electrocatalyst components (transition metals and their derivatives) and Pt is discussed. Notably, this interaction can effectively accelerate the kinetics of the HER, enhancing the catalytic activity. At last, current challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed.
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The electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) via a two-electron (2 e- ) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process provides a promising alternative to replace the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Herein, we develop a facile template-protected strategy to synthesize a highly active quinone-rich porous carbon catalyst for H2 O2 electrochemical production. The optimized PCC900 material exhibits remarkable activity and selectivity, of which the onset potential reaches 0.83â V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1â M KOH and the H2 O2 selectivity is over 95 % in a wide potential range. Comprehensive synchrotron-based near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy combined with electrocatalytic characterizations reveals the positive correlation between quinone content and 2 e- ORR performance. The effectiveness of chair-form quinone groups as the most efficient active sites is highlighted by the molecule-mimic strategy and theoretical analysis.
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The critical current density Jc is an important indicator of superconducting materials in practical applications. And the third harmonic voltage method is a simple, efficient and damage-free method for measuring Jc of high-temperature superconducting films. In order to more effectively measure the Jc of high-temperature superconducting REBa2Cu3O7-δ films and improve the signal-to-noise ratio based on the third harmonic voltage method, a double-sided measurement method was hereby proposed. By integrating the electromagnetic shielding effect and the 2-coil measurement system, the Meissner effect was used to reduce the harmonic voltage noise in the pickup coil. Comparing the double-sided measurement system using the new method to the 2-coil measurement system, the signal-to-noise ratio increases by 10 dB to 20 dB in the case of a Jc measured in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz. The bullet points of the method can be listed as:â¢The noise in the pickup coil is reduced and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1000 Hz by using the Meissner effect.â¢The measurement bandwidth is increased, making it possible to conduct low-frequency measurement in the future by the double-sided measurement method.â¢The method provides an improvement direction for superconducting thin films with a high critical current density in the future.
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A stable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) is crucial for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), but it is less investigated. Commercial binder poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used without scrutinizing its suitability and cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) in AZIBs. A water-soluble binder is developed that facilitated the in situ formation of a CEI protecting layer tuning the interfacial morphology. By combining a polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) with a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the surface morphology, and charge storage kinetics can be confined from diffusion-dominated to capacitance-controlled processes. The underpinning mechanism investigates experimentally in both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives demonstrate that the COO- from SA acts as an anionic polyelectrolyte facilitating the adsorption of Zn2+ ; meanwhile fluoride atoms on PTFE backbone provide hydrophobicity to break desolvation penalty. The hybrid binder is beneficial in providing a higher areal flux of Zn2+ at the CEI, where the Zn-Birnessite MnO2 battery with the hybrid binder exhibits an average specific capacity 45.6% higher than that with conventional PVDF binders; moreover, a reduced interface activation energy attained fosters a superior rate capability and a capacity retention of 99.1% in 1000 cycles. The hybrid binder also reduces the cost compared to the PVDF/NMP, which is a universal strategy to modify interface morphology.
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Training machines to understand natural language and interact with humans is one of the major goals of artificial intelligence. Recent years have witnessed an evolution from matching networks to pretrained language models (PrLMs). In contrast to the plain-text modeling as the focus of the PrLMs, dialog texts involve multiple speakers and reflect special characteristics, such as topic transitions and structure dependencies, between distant utterances. However, the related PrLM models commonly represent dialogs sequentially by processing the pairwise dialog history as a whole. Thus, the hierarchical information on either utterance interrelation or speaker roles coupled in such representations is not well addressed. In this work, we propose compositional learning for holistic interaction across the utterances beyond the sequential contextualization from PrLMs, in order to capture the utterance-aware and speaker-aware representations entailed in a dialog history. We decouple the contextualized word representations by masking mechanisms in transformer-based PrLM, making each word only focus on the words in the current utterance, other utterances, and two speaker roles (i.e., utterances of the sender and utterances of the receiver), respectively. In addition, we employ domain-adaptive training strategies to help the model adapt to the dialog domains. Experimental results show that our method substantially boosts the strong PrLM baselines in four public benchmark datasets, achieving new state-of-the-art performance over previous methods.
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There has been a growing interest in developing co-inoculum of Oenococcus oeni and Saccharomyces cerevisiae/non-Saccharomyces for simultaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF) and alcoholic fermentation (AF) of wines. This study sought to elucidate the effects of two crucial factors (inoculation timing and paired yeast) on the fermentation performance and aroma production of Merlot wine. O. oeni used for MLF was concurrently or sequentially inoculated with two yeast cultures (i.e., single S. cerevisiae and mixed S. cerevisiae /Pichia fermentans H5Y-28) used for AF. Inoculation timing determined the overall vinification duration, and conditioned the production of principle higher alcohols, terpene and O. oeni-mediated volatiles. In contrast, paired yeast improved O. oeni viability, and showed significant effect on aromatic esters and volatile fatty acids. Possibly due to lower ethanol stress, co-inoculum allowed O. oeni to initiate MLF during AF, resulting in 45% reduction of total fermentation time. Meanwhile, O. oeni growth was stimulated by P. fermentans, with 1.7-fold of the maximum population higher than that in co-fermentation without P. fermentans. Such stimulation of O. oeni growth also occurred in sequential fermentation where P. fermentans had been replaced by S. cerevisiae. Only in sequential inoculum, P. fermentans induced high levels of 3-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate, which may result in enhanced fresh fruity trait of wines. These findings suggested a positive effect of P. fermentans H5Y-28 on O. oeni and MLF. This work provides an alternative approach to improve wine MLF and aroma outcomes using friendly non-Saccharomyces yeast with appropriate inoculation strategy.
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Vino , Fermentación , Odorantes , Oenococcus , Pichia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Vino/análisisRESUMEN
Oenococcus oeni is an important microorganism in wine-making-related engineering, and it improves wine quality and stability through malolactic fermentation. Although the genomes of more than 200 O. oeni strains have been sequenced, only a few include completed genome maps. Here, the genome sequence of O. oeni SD-2a, isolated from Shandong, China, has been determined. It is a fully assembled genome sequence of this strain. The complete genome is 1,989,703 bp with a G+C content of 37.8% without a plasmid. The genome includes almost all the essential genes involved in central metabolic pathways and the stress genes reported in other O. oeni strains. Some natural competence-related genes, like comEA, comEC, comFA, comG operon, and comFC, suggest that O. oeni SD-2a may have natural transformation potential. A comparative genomics analysis revealed 730 gene clusters in O. oeni SD-2a homologous to those in four other lactic acid bacteria species (O. oeni PSU-1, O. oeni CRBO-11381, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UNQLp11, and Pediococcus pentosaceus KCCM40703). A collinearity analysis showed poor collinearity between O. oeni SD-2a and O. oeni PSU-1, indicating great differences in their evolutionary histories. The results provide general knowledge of O. oeni SD-2a and lay the foundation for specific gene function analyses.
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Oenococcus , Vino , Fermentación , Genómica , Oenococcus/genética , Vino/análisis , Vino/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The exotic plant Spartina alterniflora is expanding rapidly along China's coast regions, seriously threatening native ecosystems. Soil bacteria are important for biogeochemical cycles, including those of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, in wetland ecosystems. There is growing evidence that microorganisms are important in case of plant invasion. In the present study, we studied the interlacing area of S. alterniflora and Suaeda heteroptera, selected soil of invaded and non-invaded regions and explored the effect of the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in coastal wetlands. The bacterial community composition of invasive and noninvasive areas was subjected to high-throughput sequencing. In the five areas tested, the main bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and Acidobacteria; the richness of the bacterial community in the soil increased after S. alterniflora invasion, most changes occurred at the genus level. The relative abundances of Desulfobulbus and Sulfurovum were higher in invasive areas than in noninvaded areas. PCA, RDA, and LEfSe analyses found that the S. alterniflora invasion significantly influenced the bacterial community and physicochemical properties of wetland soil. In conclusion, soil microbial community composition was tightly associated with S. alterniflora invasion. This study provide an important scientific basis for further research on the invasion mechanism of S. alterniflora.
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Bioengineering majors require students to acquire excellent abilities of thinking and analyzing complex problems and have high requirements for students' comprehensive practical skills. Because of the professional characteristics, it is necessary to develop students' abilities to solve complex problems via the teaching of a series of experiments. Therefore, it is particularly important to reform the traditional experiment teaching for students majoring in bioengineering to improve the teaching quality, which have great significance for the cultivation of comprehensive talents. In this study, with the advantages of geographical location and resources to cultivate application-oriented innovative talents, the course group of Comprehensive Experiment of Bioengineering has designed the course based on virtual simulation technology in Binzhou University. Taking the experiment of extraction and bioactivity analysis of Suaeda salsa (growing in the Yellow River Delta) polysaccharide in fermentation as a case, we studied the course design idea, experimental process, teaching method and result analysis, and have improved the teaching performance. This case analysis provides new ideas and content reference for the teaching reform of similar courses.
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Ingeniería Biomédica , Estudiantes , Bioingeniería/educación , Ingeniería Biomédica/educación , Humanos , Tecnología , UniversidadesRESUMEN
Parthenium hysterophorus L., as an invasive plant, has negatively impacted the ecosystem functioning and stability of the terrestrial ecosystem in China. However, little information was available for its effects on microorganisms in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), the biggest newly-formed wetland in China. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to obtain the bacterial community in soils and roots of different plant species, including P. hysterophorus and some native ones in the YRD. Our results showed that the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, and Actinobacteriota were dominant in the rhizosphere soils of P. hysterophorus (84.2%) and Setaria viridis (86.47%), and the bulk soils (80.7%). The Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota were dominant within the root of P. hysterophorus. A total of 2468 bacterial OTUs were obtained from different groups among which 140 were observed in all the groups; 1019 OTUs were shared by P. hysterophorus non-rhizosphere soil bacteria (YNR) P. hysterophorus rhizosphere soil bacteria (YRR) groups. The indexes of the ACE (823.1), Chao1 (823.19), Simpson (0.9971), and Shannon (9.068) were the highest in the YRR groups, showing the greatest bacterial community diversity. Random forest analysis showed that the Methylomirabilota and Dadabacteria (at the phylum level) and the Sphingomonas, and Woeseia (at the genus level) were identified as the main predictors among different groups. The LEfSe results also showed the essential role of the Acidobacteriota in the YRR group. The SourceTracker analysis of the bacterial community of the YRR group was mainly from GBS groups (average 53.14%) and a small part was from YNR groups (average 6.56%), indicating that the P. hysterophorus invasion had a more significant effect on native plants' rhizosphere microorganisms than soil microorganisms. Our observations could provide valuable information for understanding the bacterial diversity and structure of the soil to the invasion of P. hysterophorus.
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Quantum statistics plays a fundamental role in the laws of nature. Haldane fractional exclusion statistics (FES) generalizes the Pauli exclusion statistics, and can emerge in the properties of elementary particles and hole excitations of a quantum system consisting of conventional bosons or fermions. FES has a long history of intensive studies, but its simple realization in interacting physical systems is rare. Here we report a simple non-mutual FES that depicts the particle-hole symmetry breaking in interacting Bose gases at a quantum critical point. We show that the FES distribution directly comes from particle-hole symmetry breaking. Based on exact solutions, quantum Monte Carlo simulations and experiments, we find that, over a wide range of interaction strengths, the macroscopic physical properties of these gases are determined by non-interacting quasi-particles that obey non-mutual FES of the same form in one and two dimensions. Whereas strongly interacting Bose gases reach full fermionization in one dimension, they exhibit incomplete fermionization in two dimensions. Our results provide a generic connection between interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking (depicted by FES) and macroscopic properties of many-body systems in arbitrary dimensions. Our work lays the groundwork for using FES to explore quantum criticality and other novel many-body phenomena in strongly correlated quantum systems.
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It is extremely challenging but desirable to regulate the photophysical and photochemical processes of aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) in distinct states in a controllable manner. Herein, we design two groups of AIEgens based on a triphenylacrylonitrile (TPAN) skeleton with through-space conjugation (TSC) property, demonstrate controlled regulation of photophysical emission efficiency/color and photochemical photochromic and photoactivatable fluorescence behaviours of these compounds, and further validate design principles to achieve highly efficient and emission-tuning AIEgens and to accomplish photo-dependent color switches and fluorescence changes. It is surprisingly found that the introduction of heavy halogens like bromine into a TPAN skeleton dramatically enhances the emission efficiency, and such an abnormal phenomenon against the heavy-atom effect is attributed to the specific through-space conjugation nature of the AIE-active skeleton, effective intermolecular halogen-bond-induced restriction of intramolecular motions, and heavy atom-induced vibration reduction. The incorporation of two electron-donating amino groups into the TPAN skeleton cause the luminogens to undergo a bathochromic shifted emission due to the formation of a D-A pattern. Apart from the regulation of photophysical processes in the solid state, the construction of the D-A pattern in luminogens also results in extremely different photochemical reactions accompanying reversible/irreversible photochromism and photoactivatable fluorescence phenomena in a dispersed state. It is revealed that photo-triggered cyclization and decyclization reactions dominantly contribute to reversible photochromism of the TPAN family, and the photo-induced cyclization-dehydrogenation reaction is responsible for the irreversible color changes and photoactivatable fluorescence behaviours of the NTPAN family. The demonstrations of multiple-mode signaling in photoswitchable patterning and information encryption highlight the importance of controlled regulation of photophysics and photochemistry of fused chromic and AIE-active luminogens in distinct states.
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Phragmites australis and Chloris virgata are native, dominant, salt-tolerant grass species that grow in the Yellow River Delta, China, and have potential applications in the phytoremediation of petroleum-polluted saline soil. The characteristics of endophytic bacterial communities of Phragmites australis and Chloris virgata and their functions in hydrocarbon degradation and plant growth promotion have been studied using both high-throughput sequencing and conventional microbial techniques. Through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we found five bacterial phyla that were dominant among the endophytic bacterial communities of the two grass species, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Tenericutes. The phylum Proteobacteria was common among the endophytic bacterial communities of the two grass species. The diversity in the endophytic bacterial community of Chloris virgata was generally higher than that in the community of Phragmites australis. Thirty-eight hydrocarbon-degrading endophytic bacteria were isolated from the two grasses via culturing techniques. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the bacterial isolates were classified into the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. The majority of strains belonged to the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas. More than 70% of the isolates of hydrocarbon-degrading endophytes exhibited the ability to stimulate plant growth. These isolates mainly belonged to Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Beijerinckia sp., Serratia sp., Acinetobacter sp., Microbacterium sp., and Rhizobium sp. Altogether, the present study revealed that Phragmites australis and Chloris virgata growing on petroleum-polluted saline soil in the Yellow River Delta harbor several diverse species of endophytic bacteria and serve as novel sources of beneficial bacteria and hydrocarbon degradation.
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Poaceae , Ríos , Bacterias/genética , China , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genéticaRESUMEN
Textile-based triboelectric nanogenerators (T-TENGs), combining the functions of energy harvesting and self-powered sensing with advantages of breathability and flexibility, have received intensive attention, which is vital to the rapid advancements in smart textiles. However, there exists few reports of T-TENGs applied to fires under the intelligent era of high requirements for devices with versatility and multiscenario practicability. Here, in combination with flame-retardant conductive cotton fabric, polytetrafluoroethylene-coated cotton fabric, and a divider, a low-cost and environmentally friendly flame-retardant textile-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FT-TENG) is developed, which is endowed with excellent fire resistance and outstanding energy harvesting capabilities. The cotton fabrics treated with a layer-by-layer self-assembly method show great self-extinguishing performance. Besides, the maximum peak power density of the FT-TENG can reach 343.19 mW/m2 under the tapping frequency of 3 Hz. Furthermore, the FT-TENG still keeps 49.2% of the initial electrical output even after being burned at 17 different positions; 34.48% of the electrical output is also retained when the FT-TENG is exposed to 220 °C. Moreover, the FT-TENGs are successfully applied as energy harvesters for firefighters and self-powered sensors for forest self-rescue and fire alarm systems. This work may provide a promising potential for multifunctional smart textiles in energy harvesting, self-powered sensing, and life or property security.
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Oenococcus oeni is a lactic acid bacterium that is widely used in wine-making to conduct malolactic fermentation (MLF). During MLF, O. oeni undergoes acid and ethanol stress that impairs its growth. In order to investigate the role that the ctsR gene plays in acid-ethanol stress, the ctsR gene from O. oeni was expressed heterologously in Lactobacillus plantarum. The transcription level of the ctsR gene and 10 additional stress response genes in L. plantarum were analyzed by RT-qPCR. Physiological assays to assess reactive oxygen species accumulation, cell membrane integrity, intracellular ATP and GSH levels, Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase activities were also performed. Results showed that the recombinant strain WCFS1-CtsR exhibited stronger growth performance than the control strain WCFS1-Vector, and the expression of ctsR, clp and hsp genes were significantly increased under acid-ethanol stress. Furthermore, WCFS1-CtsR displayed 1.08- and 1.39-fold higher ATP and GSH concentrations, respectively, compared with the corresponding values for WCFS1-Vector under acid-ethanol stress. ROS accumulation and PI value of WCFS1-CtsR were decreased by 46.52 and 42.80%, respectively, compared with the control strain. In addition, the two ATPase activities in WCFS1-CtsR increased significantly compared with WCFS1-Vector. This is the first report demonstrating that ctsR gene enhances the acid-ethanol tolerance of L. plantarum.
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Ácidos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Etanol/metabolismo , Lactobacillus plantarum/genética , Oenococcus/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Lactobacillus plantarum/metabolismo , Oenococcus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estrés Fisiológico , Vino/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Oenococcus oeni is the main bacteria extensively used in malolactic fermentation due to its high tolerance against stress factors in wine production. Among these, ethanol is one of the main challenges to O. oeni, and its ethanol tolerance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the puuE gene related to ethanol tolerance from O. oeni SD-2a was heterologously expressed in Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Results showed that the recombinant strain (W-pMG36epuuE) exhibited better growth performance and survival rate compared to the control strain (W-pMG36e) under ethanol-stress conditions. In addition, it was found that the activities of superoxide dismutase and the concentration of glutathione of W-pMG36epuuE were significantly higher than those of W-pMG36e. This resulted in the decrease of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation (10.34% lower than control). Moreover, heterologous expression of puuE in WCFS1 exhibited improved activities of two ATPases in membrane, increasing the cell membrane integrity (37.67% higher than control). These results revealed the role of the puuE gene in improving ethanol tolerance in O. oeni by decreasing ROS accumulation and enhancing cell membrane integrity.