An Immunomodulatory Zinc-Alum/Ovalbumin Nanovaccine Boosts Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy Through Erythrocyte-Assisted Cascade Immune Activation.

Cancer therapeutic vaccines are powerful tools for immune system activation and eliciting protective responses against tumors. However, their efficacy has often been hindered by weak and slow immune responses. Here, the authors introduce an immunization strategy employing senescent erythrocytes to facilitate the accumulation of immunomodulatory zinc-Alum/ovalbumin (ZAlum/OVA) nanovaccines within both the spleen and solid tumors by temporarily saturating liver macrophages. This approach sets the stage for boosted cancer metalloimmunotherapy through a cascade immune activation. The accumulation of ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines in the spleen substantially enhances autophagy-dependent antigen presentation in dendritic cells, rapidly initiating OVA-specific T-cell responses against solid tumors. Concurrently, ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines accumulated in the tumor microenvironment trigger immunogenic cell death, leading to the induction of individualized tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell responses and increased T cell infiltration. This erythrocyte-assisted cascade immune activation using ZAlum/OVA nanovaccines results in rapid and robust antitumor immunity induction, holding great potential for clinical cancer metalloimmunotherapy.

Nanozyme-Integrated Thermoresponsive In Situ Forming Hydrogel Enhances Mesenchymal Stem Cell Viability and Paracrine Effect for Efficient Spinal Cord Repair.

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the hostile microenvironment of SCI, which can adversely affect the survival and paracrine effect of the implanted MSCs, severely limits the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. Here, we report on a ceria nanozyme-integrated thermoresponsive in situ forming hydrogel (CeNZ-gel) that can enable dual enhancement of MSC viability and paracrine effect, leading to highly efficient spinal cord repair. The sol-gel transition property of the CeNZ-gel at body temperature ensures uniform coverage of the hydrogel in injured spinal cord tissues. Our results demonstrate that the CeNZ-gel significantly increases the viability of transplanted MSCs in the microenvironment by attenuating oxidative stress and, more importantly, promotes the secretion of angiogenic factors from MSCs by inducing autophagy of MSCs. The synergy between the oxidative stress-relieving effect of CeNZs and the paracrine effect of MSCs accelerates angiogenesis, nerve repair, and motor function recovery after SCI, providing an efficient strategy for MSC-based SCI therapy.

Ultrafast Dynamic Pressure Sensors Based on Graphene Hybrid Structure.

Mechanical flexible electronic skin has been focused on sensing various physical parameters, such as pressure and temperature. The studies of material design and array-accessible devices are the building blocks of strain sensors for subtle pressure sensing. Here, we report a new and facile preparation of a graphene hybrid structure with an ultrafast dynamic pressure response. Graphene oxide nanosheets are used as a surfactant to prevent graphene restacking in aqueous solution. This graphene hybrid structure exhibits a frequency-independent pressure resistive sensing property. Exceeding natural skin, such pressure sensors, can provide transient responses from static up to 10 000 Hz dynamic frequencies. Integrated by the controlling system, the array-accessible sensors can manipulate a robot arm and self-rectify the temperature of a heating blanket. This may pave a path toward the future application of graphene-based wearable electronics.