Mechanism of Action of Dihydroquercetin in the Prevention and Therapy of Experimental Liver Injury.

Liver disease is a global health problem that affects the well-being of tens of thousands of people. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is a flavonoid compound derived from various plants. Furthermore, DHQ has shown excellent activity in the prevention and treatment of liver injury, such as the inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation after administration, the normalization of oxidative indices (like SOD, GSH) in this tissue, and the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory molecules (such as IL-6 and TNF-α). DHQ also exerts its therapeutic effects by affecting molecular pathways such as NF-κB and Nrf2. This paper discusses the latest research progress of DHQ in the treatment of various liver diseases (including viral liver injury, drug liver injury, alcoholic liver injury, non-alcoholic liver injury, fatty liver injury, and immune liver injury). It explores how to optimize the application of DHQ to improve its effectiveness in treating liver diseases, which is valuable for preparing potential therapeutic drugs for human liver diseases in conjunction with DHQ.

Structural properties and antioxidant capacity of different aminated starch-phenolic acid conjugates.

Different aminated starch (AS) [EEAS (introducing ethylenediamine into starch using cross-linking-etherification-amination method (CEA)), EPAS (introducing o-phenylenediamine using CEA), OEAS (introducing ethylenediamine using cross-linking-oxidation-amination method (COA)), and OPAS (introducing o-phenylenediamine using COA)] were synthesized. The AS-phenolic acids [gallic acid (GA), syringic acid (SA), and vanillic acid (VA)] conjugates were prepared by laccase-catalyzed reaction. The grafting efficiency of EEAS on GA, SA, and VA was 36.59%, 69.71%, and 68.85%, respectively. SA reduced the maximum depolymerization rate of EEAS. The relative crystallinity of EEAS and EPAS grafted phenolic acid increased, and their particles showed severe breakage in appearance. OEAS-phenolic acid conjugates lost its granular structure and behaved as flakes and lumps, while the surface of OPAS-phenolic acid conjugates remained smooth after grafting phenolic acid. GA increased the DPPH· scavenging efficiency of EEAS from 16.12% to 79.92%. The increased antioxidant capacity of the conjugates suggested that AS-phenolic acids conjugates have high potential for applications.

Comparing Transbrachial and Transradial as Alternatives to Transfemoral Access for Large-Bore Neuro Stenting: Insights From a Propensity-Matched Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of transbrachial access (TBA) and transradial access (TRA) compared to transfemoral access (TFA) for large-bore neuro stenting (≥7 F). METHODS: From January 2019 to January 2024, 4752 patients received large-bore neuro stenting in our center. The primary outcomes were procedural metrics. Safety outcomes were significant access site complications, including substantial hematoma, pseudoaneurysm, artery occlusion, and complications requiring treatment (medicine, intervention, or surgery). After propensity score matching with a ratio of 1:1:2 (TBA: TRA: TFA), adjusting for age, gender, aortic arch type, and neuro stenting as covariates, outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: 46 TBA, 46 TRA and 92 TFA patients were enrolled. The mean age was 67.8 ± 11.2 years, comprising 127 (69.0%) carotid artery stenting and 57 (31.0%) vertebral artery stenting. The rates of technical success (TBA: 100%, TRA: 95.7%, TFA: 100%) and significant access site complications (TBA: 4.3%, TRA: 6.5%, TFA: 1.1%) were comparable between the groups (P > 0.05). Compared to TFA, the TRA cohort exhibited significant delays in angiosuite arrival to puncture time (14 vs. 8 min, P = 0.039), puncture to angiography completion time (19 vs. 11 min, P = 0.027), and procedural duration (42 vs. 29 min, P = 0.031). There were no substantial differences in procedural time metrics between TBA (10, 14, and 31 min, respectively) and TFA. CONCLUSION: TBA and TRA as the primary access for large-bore neuro stenting are safe and effective. Procedural delays in TRA may favor TBA as the first-line alternative access to TFA.

Selective CO2 Photoreduction into CH4 Triggered by the Synergy between Oxygen Vacancy and Ru Substitution under Near-Infrared Light Irradiation.

Near-infrared (NIR) light powdered CO2 photoreduction reaction is generally restricted to the separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers and the supply of active hydrogen (*H). Herein, the study reports a retrofitting hydrogenated MoO3-x (H-MoO3-x) nanosheet photocatalysts with Ru single atom substitution (Ru@H-MoO3-x) fabricated by one-step solvothermal method. Experiments together with theoretical calculations demonstrate that the synergistic effect of Ru substitution and oxygen vacancy can not only inhibit the recombination of photogenerated carriers, but also facilitate the CO2 adsorption/activation as well as the supply of *H. Compared with H-MoO3-x, the Ru@H-MoO3-x exhibit more favorable formation of *CHO in the process of *CO conversion due to the fast *H generation on electron-rich Ru sites and transfer to *CO intermediates, leading to the preferential photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 with high selectivity. The optimized Ru@H-MoO3-x exhibits a superior CO2 photoreduction activity with CH4 evolution rate of 111.6 and 39.0 µmol gcatalyst -1 under full spectrum and NIR light irradiation, respectively, which is 8.8 and 15.0 times much higher than that of H-MoO3-x. This work provides an in-depth understanding at the atomic level on the design of NIR responsive photocatalyst for achieving the goal of carbon neutrality.

Automatic detection of pulmonary embolism on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram scan using a three-dimensional convolutional neural network.

OBJECTIVE: To propose a convolutional neural network (EmbNet) for automatic pulmonary embolism detection on computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) scans and to assess its diagnostic performance. METHODS: 305 consecutive CTPA scans between January 2019 and December 2021 were enrolled in this study (142 for training, 163 for internal validation), and 250 CTPA scans from a public dataset were used for external validation. The framework comprised a preprocessing step to segment the pulmonary vessels and the EmbNet to detect emboli. Emboli were divided into three location-based subgroups for detailed evaluation: central arteries, lobar branches, and peripheral regions. Ground truth was established by three radiologists. RESULTS: The EmbNet's per-scan level sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value were 90.9%, 75.4%, 48.4%, and 97.0% (internal validation) and 88.0%, 70.5%, 42.7%, and 95.9% (external validation). At the per-embolus level, the overall sensitivity and PPV of the EmbNet were 86.0% and 61.3% (internal validation), and 83.5% and 57.5% (external validation). The sensitivity and PPV of central emboli were 89.7% and 52.0% (internal validation), and 94.4% and 43.0% (external validation); of lobar emboli were 95.2% and 76.9% (internal validation), and 93.5% and 72.5% (external validation); and of peripheral emboli were 82.6% and 61.7% (internal validation), and 80.2% and 59.4% (external validation). The average false positive rate was 0.45 false emboli per scan (internal validation) and 0.69 false emboli per scan (external validation). CONCLUSION: The EmbNet provides high sensitivity across embolus locations, suggesting its potential utility for initial screening in clinical practice.

Chitosan-modified dihydromyricetin liposomes promote the repair of liver injury in mice suffering from diabetes mellitus.

Liver injury caused by type-II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public-health concern worldwide. We used chitosan (CS) to modify dihydromyricetin (DHM)-loaded liposomes (DL) through charge interaction. The effect of CS-modified DL (CDL) on liver injury in mice suffering from DM was investigated in vivo and in vitro. CDL exhibited superior antioxidant capacity and stability. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed a 3.23- and 1.92-fold increase in the drug concentration-time curve (953.60 ± 122.55 ng/mL/h) in the CDL-treated group as opposed to the DHM-treated group (295.15 ± 25.53 ng/mL/h) and DL-treated group (495.31 ± 65.21 ng/mL/h). The maximum drug concentration in blood (Tmax) of the CDL group saw a 2.26- and 1.21-fold increase compared with that in DHM and DL groups. We observed a 1.49- and 1.31-fold increase in the maximum drug concentration in blood (Cmax) in the CDL group compared with that in DHM and DL groups. Western blotting suggested that CDL could alleviate liver injury in mice suffering from DM by modulating inflammatory factors and the transforming growth factor-ß1/Smad2/Smad3 signaling pathway. In conclusion, modification of liposomes using CS is a viable approach to address the limitations of conventional liposomes and insoluble drugs.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of Danshen combined with mesalazine for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Purpose: Current pharmacological treatments for Ulcerative Colitis (UC) have limitations. Therefore, it is important to elucidate any available alternative or complementary treatment, and Chinese herbal medicine shows the potential for such treatment. As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Danshen-related preparations have been reported to be beneficial for UC by improving coagulation function and inhibiting inflammatory responses. In spite of this, the credibility and safety of this practice are incomplete. Therefore, in order to investigate whether Danshen preparation (DSP) is effective and safe in the treatment of UC, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and CQVIP Database were searched for this review.The main observation indexes were the effect of DSP combined with mesalazine or DSP on the effective rate, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of UC. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The selected studies were evaluated for quality and data processing using RevMan5.4 and Stata17.0 software. Results: A total of 37 studies were included. Among them, 26 clinical trials with 2426 patients were included and 11 animal experimental studies involving 208 animals were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with mesalazine alone, combined use of DSP can clearly improve the clinical effective rate (RR 0.86%, 95% CI:0.83-0.88, p < 0.00001) of UC. Furthermore it improved blood coagulation function by decreasing serum PLT and increasing MPV levels, and controlled inflammatory responses by reducing serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 levels in patients. Conclusion: Combining DSP with mesalazine for UC can enhance clinical efficacy. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the results of this review due to its flaws, such as allocation concealment and uncertainty resulting from the blinding of the study. Systematic Review Registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero.php, identifier PROSPERO: CRD42022293287.

Poly (vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan multifunctional hydrogel loading HKUST-1 nanoenzymes for diabetic wound healing.

Bacterial infection, hyperinflammation and hypoxia, which can lead to amputation in severe cases, are frequently observed in diabetic wounds, and this has been a critical issue facing the repair of chronic skin injuries. In this study, a copper-based MOF (TAX@HKUST-1) highly loaded with taxifolin (TAX) with a drug loading of 41.94 ± 2.60 % was prepared. In addition, it has excellent catalase activity, and by constructing an oxygen-releasing hydrogel (PTH) system with calcium peroxide (CaO2), it can be used as a nano-enzyme to promote the generation of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to provide sufficient oxygen to the wound, and at the same time, solve the problem of the oxidative stress damage caused by excess H2O2 to the cells during the oxygen-releasing process. On the other hand, TAX and HKUST-1 in PTH synergistically promoted antimicrobial and anti-oxidative stress properties, and the bacterial inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 90 %. In vivo experiments have shown that PTH hydrogel is able to treat diabetic skin repair by inhibiting the expression of inflammation-related proteins and promoting epidermal neogenesis, angiogenesis and collagen deposition.

Secreted phospholipase PLA2G2E contributes to regulation of T cell immune response against influenza virus infection.

The involvement of secreted phospholipase A2s in respiratory diseases, such as asthma and respiratory viral infections, is well-established. However, the specific role of secreted phospholipase A2 group IIE (PLA2G2E) during influenza virus infection remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the role of PLA2G2E during H1N1 influenza virus infection using a targeted mouse model lacking Pla2g2e gene (Pla2g2e-/-). Our findings demonstrated that Pla2g2e-/- mice had significantly lower survival rates and higher viral loads in lungs compared to wild-type mice following influenza virus infection. While Pla2g2e-/- mice displayed comparable innate and humoral immune responses to influenza virus challenge, the animals showed impaired influenza-specific cellular immunity and reduced T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This indicates that PLA2G2E is involved in regulating specific T cell responses during influenza virus infection. Furthermore, transgenic mice expressing the human PLA2G2E gene exhibited resistance to influenza virus infection along with enhanced influenza-specific cellular immunity and T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Pla2g2e deficiency resulted in perturbation of lipid mediators in the lung and T cells, potentially contributing to its impact on the anti-influenza immune response. Taken together, these findings suggest that targeting PLA2G2E could hold potential as a therapeutic strategy for managing influenza virus infections.IMPORTANCEThe influenza virus is a highly transmissible respiratory pathogen that continues to pose a significant public health concern. It effectively evades humoral immune protection conferred by vaccines and natural infection due to its continuous viral evolution through the genetic processes of antigenic drift and shift. Recognition of conserved non-mutable viral epitopes by T cells may provide broad immunity against influenza virus. In this study, we have demonstrated that phospholipase A2 group IIE (PLA2G2E) plays a crucial role in protecting against influenza virus infection through the regulation of T cell responses, while not affecting innate and humoral immune responses. Targeting PLA2G2E could therefore represent a potential therapeutic strategy for managing influenza virus infection.

Hydrogel loaded with thiolated chitosan modified taxifolin liposome promotes osteoblast proliferation and regulates Wnt signaling pathway to repair rat skull defects.

To alleviate skull defects and enhance the biological activity of taxifolin, this study utilized the thin-film dispersion method to prepare paclitaxel liposomes (TL). Thiolated chitosan (CSSH)-modified TL (CTL) was synthesized through charge interactions. Injectable hydrogels (BLG) were then prepared as hydrogel scaffolds loaded with TAX (TG), TL (TLG), and CTL (CTLG) using a Schiff base reaction involving oxidized dextran and carboxymethyl chitosan. The study investigated the bone reparative properties of CTLG through molecular docking, western blot techniques, and transcriptome analysis. The particle sizes of CTL were measured at 248.90 ± 14.03 nm, respectively, with zeta potentials of +36.68 ± 5.43 mV, respectively. CTLG showed excellent antioxidant capacity in vitro. It also has a good inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition rates of 93.88 ± 1.59 % and 88.56 ± 2.83 % respectively. The results of 5-ethynyl-2 '-deoxyuridine staining, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining showed that CTLG also had the potential to promote the proliferation and differentiation of mouse embryonic osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1). The study revealed that CTLG enhances the expression of osteogenic proteins by regulating the Wnt signaling pathway, shedding light on the potential application of TAX and bone regeneration mechanisms.

Abscisic acid ameliorates d-galactose -induced aging in mice by modulating AMPK-SIRT1-p53 pathway and intestinal flora.

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant hormone with various biological activities. Aging is a natural process accompanied by cognitive and physiological decline, and aging and its associated diseases pose a serious threat to public health, but its mechanisms remain insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effects of ABA on d-galactose (D-Gal)-induced aging in mice and to delve into its molecular mechanisms. Aging model was es-tablished by theintraperitoneal injection of D-Gal. We evaluated the oxidative stress by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) levels in serum. Proteins content in brain were determined by Western blot. D-Gal-induced brain damage was monitored by measuring the levels of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) content and hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E). To evaluate the effects of ABA on aging, we measured the gut microbiota. The results demonstrated that ABA increased SOD, CAT and AChE, decreased MDA level. H&E staining showed that ABA could improve D-Gal-induced damage. In addition, ABA regulated the B-cell-lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, while further regulating the acetylation of p53 protein by modulating the AMPK pathway and activating SIRT1 protein, thereby inhibiting the apoptosis of brain neurons and thus regulating the aging process. Interestingly, ABA improved the ratio of intestinal bacteria involved in regulating multiple metabolic pathways in the aging process, such as Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Ak-kermansia. In conclusion, the present study suggests that ABA may be responsible for improving and delaying the aging process by enhancing antioxidant activity, anti-apoptosis and regulating intestinal flora.

Synthesis of Taxifolin-Loaded Polydopamine for Chemo-Photothermal-Synergistic Therapy of Ovarian Cancer.

Chemotherapy is a well-established method for treating cancer, but it has limited effectiveness due to its high dosage and harmful side effects. To address this issue, researchers have explored the use of photothermal agent nanoparticles as carriers for precise drug release in vivo. In this study, three different sizes of polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA-1, PDA-2, and PDA-3) were synthesized and evaluated. PDA-2 was selected for its optimal size, encapsulation rate, and drug loading rate. The release of the drug from PDA-2@TAX was tested at different pH and NIR laser irradiation levels. The results showed that PDA-2@TAX released more readily in an acidic environment and exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency when exposed to an 808 nm laser. In vitro experiments on ovarian cancer cells demonstrated that PDA-2@TAX effectively inhibited cell proliferation, highlighting its potential for synergistic chemotherapy-photothermal treatment.

CO-Assisted Methane Oxidation into Oxygenates over Surface Platinum-Titanium Alloyed Layers.

Methane oxidation using molecular oxygen remains a grand challenge in which the obstacle is not only the activation of methane but also the reaction with oxygen, considering the mismatch of the ground spin states. Herein, we report TiO2-supported Pt nanocrystals (Pt/TiO2) with surface Pt-Ti alloyed layers that directly convert methane into oxygenates by using O2 as the oxidant with the assistance of CO. The oxygenate yield reached 749.8 mmol gPt-1 in a H2O aqueous solution over 0.1% Pt/TiO2 under 31 bar of mixed gas (20:5:6 CH4:CO:O2) at 150 °C for 3 h, while the CH3OH selectivity was 62.3%. On the basis of the control experiments and spectroscopic results, we identified the surface Pt-Ti alloy as the active sites. Moreover, CO promoted the dissociation of O2 on the surface of Pt-Ti alloyed layers and the subsequent activation of CH4 to form oxygenated products.

Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels loaded with taxifolin liposomes promote diabetic wound healing by inhibiting inflammation and regulating autophagy.

With the improvement of modern living standards, the challenge of diabetic wound healing has significantly impacted the public health system. In this study, our objective was to enhance the bioactivity of taxifolin (TAX) by encapsulating it in liposomes using a thin film dispersion method. Additionally, polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl chitosan-based hydrogels were prepared through repeated freeze-thawing. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to investigate the properties of the hydrogel and its effectiveness in promoting wound healing in diabetic mice. The results of the experiments revealed that the encapsulation efficiency of taxifolin liposomes (TL) was 89.80 ± 4.10 %, with a drug loading capacity of 17.58 ± 2.04 %. Scanning electron microscopy analysis demonstrated that the prepared hydrogels possessed a porous structure, facilitating gas exchange and the absorption of wound exudates. Furthermore, the wound repair experiments in diabetic mice showed that the TL-loaded hydrogels (TL-Gels) could expedite wound healing by suppressing the inflammatory response and promoting the expression of autophagy-related proteins. Overall, this study highlights that TL-Gels effectively reduce wound healing time by modulating the inflammatory response and autophagy-related protein expression, thus offering promising prospects for the treatment of hard-to-heal wounds induced by diabetes.

A Poloxamer 407/chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel dressing for diabetic wound healing via oxygen production and dihydromyricetin release.

The current clinical treatment of diabetic wounds is still based on oxygen therapy, and the slow healing of skin wounds due to hypoxia has always been a key problem in the repair of chronic skin injuries. To overcome this problem, the oxygen-producing matrix CaO2NPS based on the temperature-sensitive dihydromyricetin-loaded hydrogel was prepared. In vitro activity showed that the dihydromyricetin (DHM) oxygen-releasing temperature-sensitive hydrogel composite (DHM-OTH) not only provided a suitable oxygen environment for cells around the wound to survive but also had good biocompatibility and various biological activities. By constructing a T2D wound model, we further investigated the repairing effect of DHM-OTH on chronic diabetic skin wounds and the mechanisms involved. DHM-OTH was able to reduce inflammatory cells and collagen deposition and promote angiogenesis and cell proliferation for diabetic wound healing. These in vitro and in vivo data suggest that DHM-OTH accelerates diabetic wound repair as a novel method to efficiently deliver oxygen to wound tissue, providing a promising strategy to improve diabetic wound healing.

Dopamine-grafted oxidized hyaluronic acid/gelatin/cordycepin nanofiber membranes modulate the TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway to promote diabetic wound healing.

Due to impaired immune function, diabetic wounds are highly susceptible to the development of excessive inflammatory responses and prolonged recurrent bacterial infections that impede diabetic wound healing. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop a wound dressing that controls bacterial infection and inhibits excessive inflammatory response. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) was modified using dopamine (DA). Subsequently, cordycepin (COR) was loaded into dopamine-modified hyaluronic acid (OHDA)/gelatin (GEL) nanofiber wound dressing by electrostatic spinning technique. The constructed COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membrane has good thermal stability, hydrophilicity, and air permeability. In vitro experiments showed that the obtained COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes had good antimicrobial efficacy (S. aureus: 95.60 ± 0.99 %, E. coli: 71.17 ± 6.87 %), antioxidant activity (>90 %), and biocompatibility. In vivo experiments showed that COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes could promote wound tissue remodeling, collagen deposition, and granulation tissue regeneration. Western blot experiments showed that COR/OHDA/GEL nanofibrous membranes could inhibit the excessive inflammatory response of wounds through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, COR/OHDA/GEL nanofiber membranes could promote diabetic wound healing by modulating the inflammatory response. The results showed that the designed nanofiber wound dressing is expected to provide a new strategy for treating chronic wounds.

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies protect against human adenovirus type 55 infection in transgenic mice and tree shrews.

Re-emerging human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) has become a significant threat to public health due to its widespread circulation and the association with severe pneumonia, but an effective anti-HAdV55 agent remains unavailable. Herein, we report the generation of macaque-derived, human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protecting against HAdV55 infection with high potency. Using fluorophore-labelled HAdV55 virions as probes, we isolated specific memory B cells from rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) that were immunized twice with an experimental vaccine based on E1-, E3-deleted, replication-incompetent HAdV55. We cloned a total of 19 neutralizing mAbs, nine of which showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations below 1.0 ng/ml. These mAbs recognized the hyper-variable-region (HVR) 1, 2, or 7 of viral hexon protein, or the fibre knob. In transgenic mice expressing human desmoglein-2, the major cellular receptor for HAdV55, a single intraperitoneal injection with hexon-targeting mAbs efficiently prevented HAdV55 infection, and mAb 29C12 showed protection at a dose as low as 0.004 mg/kg. Fibre-targeting mAb 28E8, however, showed protection only at a dose up to 12.5 mg/kg. In tree shrews that are permissive for HAdV55 infection and disease, mAb 29C12 effectively prevented HAdV55-caused pneumonia. Further analysis revealed that fibre-targeting mAbs blocked the attachment of HAdV55 to host cells, whereas hexon-targeting mAbs, regardless of their targeting HVRs, mainly functioned at post-attachment stage via inhibiting viral endosomal escape. Our results indicate that hexon-targeting mAbs have great anti-HAdV55 activities and warrant pre-clinical and clinical evaluation.

New resource food-arabinogalactan improves DSS-induced acute colitis through intestinal flora and NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Colitis can significantly impact daily life. This study utilized DSS to induce acute colitis in mice and examined the regulatory effect of arabinogalactan (AG). The findings demonstrated that AG intake effectively alleviated the phenotype of DSS-induced colitis in mice and protected against small intestine damage. Furthermore, AG suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1ß, while promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. It also inhibited the secretion of LPS in serum and MPO in colon tissue. Additionally, AG regulated the NF-κB/MAPK/PPARγ signaling pathway and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway, thereby ameliorating DSS-induced colitis inflammation in mice. AG also influenced the metabolism of short-chain fatty acids, particularly butyrate, in the intestinal tract of mice. Moreover, AG modulated and enhanced the composition of intestinal flora in mice with colitis, increasing the diversity of dominant flora and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. These results highlight the protective effects of arabinogalactan against colitis and its potential applications in the food industry.

Periprocedural thromboembolic complications of LEO baby stent in endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms: Experience in 149 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To report periprocedural thromboembolic complications of LEO Baby stent-assisted coiling of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms and to analyze the possible influencing factors. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 149 patients with aneurysms who underwent LEO Baby stent-assisted embolization between October 2018 and March 2022. Clinical and radiographic data of patients were reviewed to determine whether a thromboembolic event had occurred. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to identify significant factors associated with thromboembolic events. RESULTS: Successful stent deployment of the stent was achieved in all patients in the target artery. There were 66 patients (44.3%) with acutely ruptured aneurysms and 83 patients (55.7%) with unruptured aneurysms. Fourteen (9.4%, 95% confidence interval: 4.7%-14.1%) patients were confirmed to have developed a thromboembolic event, including nine patients with acute intraoperative thrombosis and five patients with postoperative thromboembolic events. The rate of thromboembolic events was 6.0% (5/83) in patients with unruptured aneurysms and 13.6% (9/66) in patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms. There was a trend toward an increased rate of thromboembolic events in patients with acute ruptured aneurysms (p = 0.087). Thromboembolic events were significantly associated with the parent-artery diameter (p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates a low rate of thromboembolic complications in unruptured aneurysms treated with LEO Baby stent. Thromboembolic events appear to be more common in ruptured aneurysms. A small diameter of the parent artery is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic complications, and more relevant studies are still needed.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan-loaded dihydromyricetin-based nanofiber membrane promotes diabetic wound healing by anti-inflammatory and regulating autophagy-associated protein expression.

The healing of wounds in diabetics is commonly delayed by recurring infections and persistent inflammation at the wound site. For this reason, we conducted a study using the electrospinning technique to create nanofiber membranes consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan (PVP/CS) and incorporated dihydromyricetin (DHM) into them. Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the nanofiber membrane. Experimental results in vitro have shown that PVP/CS/DHM has exceptional properties such as hydrophilicity, porosity, water vapor transport rate, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity. Moreover, our study has demonstrated that the application of PVP/CS/DHM can significantly improve wound healing in diabetic mice. After an 18-day treatment period, a remarkable wound closure rate of 88.63 ± 1.37 % was achieved. The in vivo experiments revealed that PVP/CS/DHM can promote diabetic wound healing by suppressing the activation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and enhancing autophagy-related protein as well as CD31 and HIF-1α expression in skin tissues. This study showed that PVP/CS/DHM is a promising wound dressing.