Climate change and human activities have significantly influenced soil loss and the soil conservation service, posed threats to regional ecological sustainability. However, the relationships and underlying driving forces between potential soil loss, actual soil loss, and soil conservation service have not been well understood. Utilizing the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, we evaluated the soil conservation service on the Tibetan plateau from 1990 to 2020. We analyzed the spatial and temporal trends and examined the driving factors using linear regression, Pearson correlation, and random forest regression. The soil conservation service exhibited a complex pattern of increase followed by a decrease, with a turning point around 2010. Soil conservation service and soil loss demonstrated non-trade-off changes. The potential soil loss dominated the spatiotemporal patterns of soil conservation service on the Tibetan Plateau. Climatic factors significantly influenced the spatiotemporal patterns of soil conservation service, with annual precipitation emerging as the dominant driving factor, contributing approximately 20%. However, the impacts of human activities became more pronounced since 2010, and the contribution of vegetation to changes in soil conservation service was increased. The impact of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) on soil conservation service for the grades I, II, and III increased by 13.19%, 3.08%, and 3.41%, respectively. Conversely, in northern Tibet before 2010 and eastern Three-River-Source after 2010, soil conservation service exhibited an increasing trend driven by both climate factors and human activities. Which indicates that the implementation of ecological restoration measures facilitated vegetation improvement and subsequently reduced actual soil loss. This study provides a scientific basis for resource management, land development strategies, and the formulation of ecological restoration measures on the Tibetan Plateau.
Black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets are widely used in the flame retardant field because of their excellent properties, but the immature preparation methods have resulted in extremely high preparation cost, which greatly limits their development and application. In this paper, various preparation methods of black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets are described in detail, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed in depth, the flame-retardant mechanism and application of black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets in flame retardants are discussed, and the subsequent development direction of black phosphorus and black phosphorus nanosheets is proposed.
Although conductive hydrogels have been widely developed currently, their low sensitivity and poor stability severely limited their practical application in flexible wearable devices. Herein, a green "stencil" anchoring strategy was proposed in this study to engineer an ultra-stable and supersensitive hydrogel by virtue of polydopamine decorating sodium alginate molecular chains as "stencil" to anchor polyaniline as conductive component. The dispersion of polyaniline was significantly improved by the sodium alginate "stencil" in the conductive hydrogel. The developed conductive hydrogel exhibited outstanding properties that outperformed most conventional ones, including extraordinary sensitivity with a gauge factor of 38.2 and excellent stability with negligible shifting upon long-term cyclic stretching. Moreover, the conductive hydrogel displayed great self-adhesion and reliable self-healing performance endowed by its abundant catechol groups, hydrogen bondings and π-π stackings, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogel was also assembled as flexible strain and self-powered sensors, which displayed excellent sensing performance, indicating great potential in human-machine interactions, information transmission and road transportation.
Single-network hydrogels are often too fragile to withstand mechanical loading, whereas double-network hydrogels typically exhibit significant hysteresis during cyclic stretching-releasing process due to the presence of a sacrificial network. Consequently, it is a considerable challenge for designing hydrogels that are both low in hysteresis and high in toughness for applications requiring dynamic mechanical loads. Herein, the study introduced a novel "sliding tangle island" strategy for creating tough and low-hysteresis hydrogels, which are prepared through in situ polymerization of highly concentrated acrylamides (AM) to form numerous entanglements within the MXene spacing without any chemical crosslinker. The MXene entangled with long polyacrylamide (PAM) chains to form tangle island that served as a relay station to transmit stress to neighboring molecular chains. This mechanism helps alleviate stress concentration and enhances energy dissipation efficiency, thereby reducing mechanical hysteresis. The resulting hydrogel exhibited exceptional properties, including high stretchability (≈900%), low hysteresis (less than 7%), high toughness (1.34 MJ m-3), and excellent sensing performance to rival the commercial hydrogel electrode. Therefore, this work sheds light on feasible design of energy dissipation structure to reduce the hysteresis of the composite hydrogels.
The biaxially-oriented PA56/512 has excellent mechanical strength, extensibility and water-oxygen barrier properties and has broad application prospects in green packaging, lithium battery diaphragm and medical equipment materials. The correlation between the aggregation structure evolution and macroscopic comprehensive properties of copolymer PA56/512 under biaxial stretching has been demonstrated in this work. The structure of the random copolymerization sequence was characterized by 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The typical isodimorphism behavior of the co-crystallization system of PA56/512 and its BOPA-56/512 films was revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. And the aggregation structure, including the hydrogen bond arrangement, crystal structure and crystal morphology of PA56/512 before and after biaxial stretching, was investigated by XRD, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) tests. Furthermore, the effect of the biaxially-oriented stretching process on the mechanical properties of PA56/512 has been demonstrated. In addition, a deep insight into the influence of the structure on the crystallization process and physical-mechanical performance has been presented. The lowest melting point at a 512 content of 60 mol% is regarded as a "eutectic" point of the isodimorphism system. Due to the high disorder of the structural units in the polymer chain, the transition degree of the folded chain (gauche conformation) is relatively lowest when it is straightened to form an extended chain (trans conformation) during biaxially-oriented stretching, and part of the folded chain can be retained. This explains why biaxially stretched PA56/512 has high strength, outstanding toughness and excellent barrier properties at the pseudo-eutectic point. In this study, using the unique multi-scale aggregation structure characteristics of a heterohomodymite polyamide at the pseudo-eutectic point, combined with the new material design scheme and the idea of biaxial-stretching processing, a new idea for customized design of high-performance multifunctional polyamide synthetic materials is provided.
Biaxially oriented polyamide 6 (BOPA6) films were prepared by extrusion casting and biaxial stretching with polyamide 6. The effects of different biaxially oriented on the macroscopic properties of BOPA6 were investigated by characterizing the rheological, crystallization, optical, barrier and mechanical properties. The results show that the increase of stretching temperature leads to the diffusion and regular stacking rate of BOPA6 chain segments towards crystal nuclei increases, the relative crystallinity increases, reaching 27.87% at 180 °C, and the mechanical strength and optical performance decrease. Heat-induced crystallization promotes the transformation of ß-crystals to α-crystals in BOPA6, resulting in a more perfect crystalline structure and enhancing oxygen barrier properties. BOPA6 chains are oriented, and strain-induced crystallization (SIC) occurs during the biaxial stretching. Further increasing the stretch ratio, the relative crystallinity increased to 30.34%. The machine direction (MD) and transverse direction (TD) tensile strength of BOPA6 (B-33) are nearly two times higher than the unstretched film, reaching 134.33 MPa and 155.28 MPa, respectively. In addition, the permeation decreases to 57.61 cc·mil/(m2 day), and the oxygen barrier performance has improved by nearly 30% compared to the sample B-22. BOPA6 has a high storage modulus at a high stretching rate (300%/s). Rapid chain relaxation would promote the molecular chain disorientation, destroy the entangled network of the molecular chain, and lead to a decrease in tensile strength, reducing to about 110 MPa.
A dynamic STIRPAT model used in the current study is based on panel data from the eight most populous countries from 1975 to 2020, revealing the nonlinear effects of urbanization routes (percentage of total urbanization, percentage of small cities and percentage of large cities) on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Using "Dynamic Display Unrelated Regression (DSUR)" and "Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS)" regressions, the outcomes reflect that percentage of total urbanization and percentage of small cities have an incremental influence on carbon dioxide emissions. However, square percentage of small cities and square percentage of total urbanization have significant adverse effects on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The positive relationship between the percentage of small cities, percentage of total urbanization and CO2 emissions and the negative relationship between the square percentage of small cities, square percentage of total urbanization and CO2 emissions legitimize the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis. The impact of the percentage of large cities on carbon dioxide emissions is significantly negative, while the impact of the square percentage of large cities on carbon dioxide emissions is significantly positive, validating a U-shaped EKC hypothesis. The incremental effect of percentage of small cities and percentage of total urbanization on long-term environmental degradation can provide support for ecological modernization theory. Energy intensity, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), industrial growth and transport infrastructure stimulate long-term CO2 emissions. Country-level findings from the AMG estimator support a U-shaped link between the percentage of small cities and CO2 emissions for each country in the entire panel except the United States. In addition, the Dumitrescu and Hulin causality tests yield a two-way causality between emission of carbon dioxide and squared percentage of total urbanization, between the percentage of the large cities and emission of carbon dioxide, and between energy intensity and emission of carbon dioxide. This study proposes renewable energy options and green city-friendly technologies to improve the environmental quality of urban areas.
Carbon Dioxide , Urbanization , Carbon Dioxide/analysis , Cities , Gross Domestic Product , Least-Squares Analysis , Economic Development
The poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films have been widely used due to their biological degradability and excellent comprehensive properties. However, the reports regarding biodegradable PLA/PBAT films are rather scarce. In this work, systematical investigations of biaxially stretched PLA/PBAT films were performed. Compared with unstretched films, the PLA/PBAT 75/25 films with the stretching ratio of 5 × 1 exhibited an improvement on the crystallinity of PLA from 6 % to 58.6 %. According to 2D-WAXS results, the orientation of the α crystal in the MD increased with the increase of the stretching ratio. The stretched films showed favorable barrier properties. The oxygen permeability (OP) of 2 × 2 PLA/PBAT 75/25 films shows a decrement of 22 % compared with that of the unstretched films. Interestingly, the uniaxially stretched PLA/PBAT 75/25 films exhibits increased surface roughness (Ra) for 3 × 1 film whereas decreased Ra for the 5 × 1 film, which could be related to the phase separation under stretching. The tensile strength in the machine direction (MD) of the PLA/PBAT 75/25 films was improved up to 51.6 MPa for 5 × 1 film, which is 45 % higher than that of unstretched counterpart. The stretched films exhibit excellent mechanical and barrier properties, which could be utilized in packaging industry with high potential.
Oxygen , Polyesters , Oxygen/chemistry , Polyesters/chemistry , Food Packaging/methods , Adipates/chemistry
Population aging, economic globalization, and economic growth simultaneously cause changes in environmental quality, but so far no studies have integrated these key factors into the same environmental policy framework. Thus, this study uses the more robust Westerlund cointegration test and the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator (robust to cross-sectional dependence (CD), heterogeneity, and endogeneity) to estimate the long-term relationship between population aging, economic globalization, economic growth, and per capita carbon emissions in East Asian countries during the period 1975-2018. The analysis results reflect that population aging significantly reduces the long-term per capita carbon emissions of specific East Asian countries. However, energy generation and economic globalization make significant contributions to long-run per capita carbon emissions. Moreover, the impact of economic growth on long-term per capita carbon emissions is significantly positive, while the impact of square of economic growth on long-run per capita carbon emissions is significantly negative, thus validating the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for specific East Asian countries. The results of the causality test indicated a two-way causality between energy generation and per capita carbon dioxide emission, supporting the feedback hypothesis. There is also a two-way causal relationship between aging population and per capita carbon dioxide emission. Policy recommendations are discussed in response to the empirical findings of this study.
Carbon Dioxide , Economic Development , Aged , Humans , Aging , Cross-Sectional Studies , East Asian People , Internationality
Iron-oxide-based biomagnetic nanocomposites, recognized for their significant properties, have been utilized in MRI and cancer treatment for several decades. The expansion of clinical applications is limited by the occurrence of adverse effects. These limitations are largely attributed to suboptimal material design, resulting in agglomeration, reduced magnetic relaxivity, and inadequate functionality. To address these challenges, various synthesis methods and modification strategies have been used to tailor the size, shape, and properties of iron oxide nanoparticle (FeONP)-based nanocomposites. The resulting modified nanocomposites exhibit significant potential for application in diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic contexts, including MRI, drug delivery, and anticancer and antimicrobial activity. Yet, their biosafety profile must be rigorously evaluated. Such efforts will facilitate the broader clinical translation of FeONP-based nanocomposites in biomedical applications.
Drug Delivery Systems , Nanocomposites , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
The realization of red-emitting InGaN quantum well (QW) is a hot issue in current nitride semiconductor research. It has been shown that using a low-Indium (In)-content pre-well layer is an effective method to improve the crystal quality of red QWs. On the other hand, keeping uniform composition distribution at higher In content in red QWs is an urgent problem to be solved. In this work, the optical properties of blue pre-QW and red QWs with different well width and growth conditions are investigated by photoluminescence (PL). The results prove that the higher-In-content blue pre-QW is beneficial to effectively relieve the residual stress. Meanwhile, higher growth temperature and growth rate can improve the uniformity of In content and the crystal quality of red QWs, enhancing the PL emission intensity. Possible physical process of stress evolution and the model of In fluctuation in the subsequent red QW are discussed. This study provides a useful reference for the development of InGaN-based red emission materials and devices.
The hydrogel-based sensors suffer from poor stability and low sensitivity, severely limiting their further development. It is still "a black box" to understand the effect of the encapsulation as well as the electrode on the performance of the hydrogel-based sensors. To address these problems, we prepared an adhesive hydrogel that could robustly adhere to Ecoflex (adhesive strength is 4.7 kPa) as an encapsulation layer and proposed a rational encapsulation model that fully encapsulated the hydrogel within Ecoflex. Owing to the excellent barrier and resilience of Ecoflex, the encapsulated hydrogel-based sensor can still work normally after 30 days, displaying excellent long-term stability. In addition, we performed theoretical and simulation analyses on the contact state between the hydrogel and the electrode. It was surprising to find that the contact state significantly affects the sensitivity of the hydrogel sensors (the maximum difference in sensitivity was 333.6%), indicating that the reasonable design of the encapsulation and electrode are indispensable parts for fabricating successful hydrogel sensors. Therefore, we paved the way for a novel insight to optimize the properties of the hydrogel sensors, which is greatly favorable to developing hydrogel-based sensors to be applied in various fields.
A new bio-based polyamide 56/512 (PA56/512) has been synthesized with a higher bio-based composition compared to industrialized bio-based PA56, which is considered a lower carbon emission bio-based nylon. In this paper, the one-step approach of copolymerizing PA56 units with PA512 units using melt polymerization has been investigated. The structure of the copolymer PA56/512 was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Other measurement methods, including relative viscosity tests, amine end group measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), were used to analyze the physical and thermal properties of the PA56/512. Furthermore, the non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of PA56/512 have been investigated with the analytical model of Mo's method and the Kissinger method. The melting point of copolymer PA56/512 exhibited a eutectic point at 60 mol% of 512 corresponding to the typical isodimorphism behavior, and the crystallization ability of PA56/512 also displayed a similar tendency.
In this study, the structural and property changes induced in the highly ordered structure of preoriented poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) PHBV films containing the ß-form during annealing were investigated. The transformation of the ß-form was investigated by means of in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) using synchrotron X-rays. The comparison of PHBV films with the ß-form before and after annealing was performed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The evolution mechanism of ß-crystal transformation was elucidated. It was revealed that most of the highly oriented ß-form directly transforms into the highly oriented α-form, and there might be two kinds of transformations: (1) The ß-crystalline bundles may be transformed one by one rather than one part by one part during annealing before a certain annealing time. (2) The ß-crystalline bundles crack or the molecular chains of the ß-form are separated from the lateral side after annealing after a certain annealing time. A model to describe the microstructural evolution of the ordered structure during annealing was established based on the results obtained.
Conditioning therapy is an essential procedure prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), imposing a great impact on the outcomes of recipients. We performed a prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the outcome of HSCT recipients with myeloid malignancies after receiving the conditioning therapy consisting of modified BUCY (mBUCY), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), and decitabine. Enrolled patients were randomly allocated to either Arm A (decitabine, day -12 to -10; NAC, day -9 to +30; mBUCY, day -9 to -2), or Arm B (mBUCY regimen followed by stem cells infusion). Seventy-six patients in Arm A and 78 patients in Arm B were finally evaluated. The results showed platelet recovery accelerate in Arm A, with more patients achieving a platelet count of ≥50 × 109 /L than Arm B at day +30 and +60 (p = .004 and .043, respectively). The cumulative incidence of relapse is 11.8% (95% CI 0.06-0.22) in Arm A, and 24.4% (95% CI 0.16-0.35) in Arm B (p = .048). The estimated 3-year overall survival rate was 86.4% (±4.4%) and 79.9% (±4.7%) in 2 arms, respectively (p = .155). EFS at 3 years was 79.2% (±4.9%) in Arm A and 60.0% (±5.9%) in Arm B (p = .007). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was found to be reversely correlated with platelet recovery, and fewer patients in Arm A displayed excessive ROS within hematopoietic progenitor cells compared to Arm B. In conclusion, the addition of decitabine and NAC to mBUCY is a feasible and promising conditioning therapy for myeloid malignancies patients.
Graft vs Host Disease , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Myeloproliferative Disorders , Neoplasms , Humans , Decitabine , Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use , Busulfan , Prospective Studies , Reactive Oxygen Species , Myeloproliferative Disorders/complications , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods , Behavior Therapy , Neoplasms/complications , Transplantation Conditioning/adverse effects , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Graft vs Host Disease/etiology
BACKGROUND: NOTCH mutations (NOTCHmut ) are recognized as major oncogenic drivers associated with controversial clinical impact on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), whereas their clinical value on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poorly defined. METHODS: A study involving 878 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with AML was undertaken in an institution with available clinical data to unravel the impact of NOTCHmut on prognosis. RESULTS: In the study, NOTCHmut were discovered in 3.6% (32/878) of included patients with AML and composed substitution-missense, frameshift mutation, substitution-nonsense, and insertion-in frame. These mutations were more commonly associated with low platelet (29 vs 42 × 109 /L, p = .024) count and coexisted with BCOR/BCORL1 (15.6% vs 3.2%, p = .001), DNMT3A (28.1% vs 12.5%, p = .021), and MPL (9.4% vs 0.8%, p = .004) mutations compared with NOTCH wild-type (NOTCHwt ). No significant difference was observed in treatment responses between NOTCHmut and NOTCHwt . The presence of NOTCHmut was associated with worse overall survival ([OS], 1 year-OS: 68.0% vs 84.2%; 3 year-OS: 48.3% vs 59.6%; p = .059) and relapse-free survival ([RFS], 1 year-RFS: 78.3% vs 85.4%; 3 year-RFS: 54.5% vs 76.9%; p = .018), especially within the European Leukemia Net 2017 intermediate-risk group. Furthermore, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might abrogate the dismal impact of NOTCHmut on RFS. In multivariate analysis, NOTCHmut were found to be an independent factor negatively influencing RFS (hazard ratio, 2.153; 95% CI, 1.166-3.975; p = .014). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that NOTCHmut may serve as an indicator for poor prognosis of AML. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Although NOTCH mutations (NOTCHmut ) are well studied in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), less is known about their incidence and prognostic implications in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A total of 878 newly diagnosed patients with AML was retrospectively analyzed; it was found that the frequency of NOTCHmut was relatively low but was associated with an adverse prognosis.
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma , Humans , Retrospective Studies , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy , Mutation , Prognosis
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a frequent target organ in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), which can determine the morbidity and nonrelapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Donor T cells recognize allogeneic Ags presented by host APCs, proliferate, and differentiate into Th1 and Th17 cells that drive GVHD pathogenesis. IL-12 has been shown to play an important role in amplifying the allogeneic response in preclinical and clinical studies. This study demonstrates that IL-12Rß2 expression on recipient nonhematopoietic cells is required for optimal development of aGVHD in murine models of allo-HCT. aGVHD attenuation by genetic depletion of IL-12R signaling is associated with reduced MHC class II expression by intestinal epithelial cells and maintenance of intestinal integrity. We verified IL-12Rß2 expression on activated T cells and in the GI tract. This study, to our knowledge, reveals a novel function of IL-12Rß2 in GVHD pathogenesis and suggests that selectively targeting IL-12Rß2 on host nonhematopoietic cells may preserve the GI tract after allo-HCT.
Graft vs Host Disease , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Animals , Mice , Acute Disease , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Graft vs Host Disease/genetics , Intestines/pathology , Transplantation, Homologous
The sensing mechanism of the quinoline-derived Schiff base HL (concentrated from 8-hydroxyquinoline with 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) as a highly selective fluorescent probe for Zn2+ was investigated by theoretical calculations with DFT and TDDFT. The conformations of the HL molecule, its ketone form and its Zinc complex structure, were optimized in the ground and excited states. The systems have been studied in depth in terms of structural parameters, frontier molecular orbitals, absorption and fluorescence spectra as well as potential energy curves analysis and approximately density gradient analysis. The present theoretical calculations propose a different detection mechanism from that proposed experimentally. The theoretical results predict that the fluorescence quenching in HL is attributed to the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) rather than the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) of benzene to electrons. When Zn2+ is introduced, Zn2+ takes the place of the H atom, creating a complex that blocks the ESIPT reaction and restores fluorescence.
Quinolines , Schiff Bases , Protons , Fluorescence , Zinc
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of uptake ratios in the extraocular muscles (EOMs), lacrimal glands, and optic nerves to detect the inflammation activity of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) using quantitative analysis of 99m technetium (99mTc)-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) orbital single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images. The patients were categorized into an active stage (clinical activity score ≥ 3/7, n=23) or an inactive stage (clinical activity score < 3/7, n=38), based on their clinical activity score. The uptake ratio was manually determined by placing a region of interest within the area of highest uptake, as agreed upon by consensus, in the EOMs, lacrimal gland, and optic nerve on SPECT images corrected for CT attenuation. Patients with active GO exhibited significantly higher uptake ratios in the EOMs, lacrimal glands, and optic nerves compared to patients with inactive GO (all P < 0.01). These parameters have been proven effective in differentiating between active and inactive disease.
With the rapid development of the packaging industry, people have high requirements for the functionality of packaging materials. As a representative biodegradable packaging material, polylactic acid (PLA) still has some problems. Multifunctional additives in PLA are an effective modification method. In this paper, cerium lactate (Ce-LA) was synthesized by a precipitation method and integrated into PLA to prepare a functional PLA composite. The results showed that Ce-LA not only significantly improved the crystallinity but also imparted antibacterial ability to PLA. When the concentration of Ce-LA was 0.9 %, the crystallinity of PLA reached 39.35 %, which was 77 % higher than that of pure PLA. When the addition of Ce-LA was 1.8 %, the antibacterial rates of PLA against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli reached 93 % and 85 %, respectively. This study provides a beneficial solution for the development of PLA packaging materials with high crystallinity and antibacterial properties.
Cerium , Lactic Acid , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Cerium/pharmacology , Escherichia coli , Food Packaging/methods , Humans , Polyesters , Polymers
