[The public health profession in Spain: an urgent challenge to strengthen its practice]. / La profesión de la salud pública en España: un reto urgente para fortalecer su práctica.

The recent health crises have highlighted the weakness of public health structures in Spain. The causes are, among others, the scarcity of economic resources and the delay in their institutional modernization. In addition, there is the weakness of the training processes and the employability. The Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Administration (SESPAS) has developed a White paper of the public health profession with the aim of contributing to strengthening professional practice. The sociodemographic characteristics of the associations federated to SESPAS have been described and the discourse of professionals has been analyzed through six focus groups and 19 interviews (72 people). To agree on the conclusions and recommendations, a meeting was organized with the participation of 29 participants. The demographic and employment data of the 3467 people belonging to seven SESPAS societies show that, overall, about 60% are women and 40% were under 50 years of age. Undergraduate degrees were medicine (35.9%), nursing (17.4%) and pharmacy and veterinary medicine (10.4%). Key aspects of the meaning of public health, training, employability and career and institutionalization of public health were collected through interviews and focus groups. The final meeting agreed on 25 conclusions and 24 recommendations that aim to contribute to strengthening professionals and the public health profession in Spain. Some of them, related to training, employability and professional career, have been shared in a workshop at the School of Public Health of Menorca with public health officials from the Ministry of Health and some autonomous communities.

La profesión de la salud pública en España: un reto urgente para fortalecer su práctica / The public health profession in Spain: an urgent challenge to strengthen its practice

Las últimas crisis sanitarias han puesto de manifiesto la debilidad de las estructuras de salud pública en España. Las causas son, entre otras, la escasez de recursos económicos y el retraso en su modernización institucional, junto a la debilidad de los procesos formativos y de la empleabilidad. La Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) ha impulsado la elaboración del Libro blanco de la profesión de salud pública con el objetivo de contribuir a fortalecer el ejercicio profesional. Para ello se han descrito las características sociodemográficas de las asociaciones federadas a SESPAS y se ha analizado el discurso de los profesionales a través de seis grupos focales y 19 entrevistas en profundidad (72 personas). Con este material se realizó una reunión (29 personas) para consensuar conclusiones y recomendaciones. De las 3467 personas pertenecientes a las siete sociedades de SESPAS que proporcionaron datos, alrededor del 60% son mujeres y el 40% tienen menos de 50 años, siendo los estudios de grado de medicina (35,9%), enfermería (17,4%), farmacia y veterinaria (10,4%) los más frecuentes. En las entrevistas y grupos focales se identificaron como temas centrales la formación, la empleabilidad y la carrera profesional. En la reunión final se acordaron 25 conclusiones y 24 recomendaciones que pretenden contribuir a fortalecer a los/las profesionales y la profesión de la salud pública en España. Las relacionadas con la formación, la empleabilidad y la carrera profesional fueron compartidas en un Encuentro en la Escuela de Salud Pública de Menorca con responsables de salud pública del Ministerio de Sanidad y de algunas comunidades autónomas.(AU)

The recent health crises have highlighted the weakness of public health structures in Spain. The causes are, among others, the scarcity of economic resources and the delay in their institutional modernization. In addition, there is the weakness of the training processes and the employability. The Spanish Society of Public Health and Health Administration (SESPAS) has developed a White paper of the public health profession with the aim of contributing to strengthening professional practice. The sociodemographic characteristics of the associations federated to SESPAS have been described and the discourse of professionals has been analyzed through six focus groups and 19 interviews (72 people). To agree on the conclusions and recommendations, a meeting was organized with the participation of 29 participants. The demographic and employment data of the 3467 people belonging to seven SESPAS societies show that, overall, about 60% are women and 40% were under 50 years of age. Undergraduate degrees were medicine (35.9%), nursing (17.4%) and pharmacy and veterinary medicine (10.4%). Key aspects of the meaning of public health, training, employability and career and institutionalization of public health were collected through interviews and focus groups. The final meeting agreed on 25 conclusions and 24 recommendations that aim to contribute to strengthening professionals and the public health profession in Spain. Some of them, related to training, employability and professional career, have been shared in a workshop at the School of Public Health of Menorca with public health officials from the Ministry of Health and some autonomous communities.(AU)

Características y contenidos de los programas de maestría en salud pública en España / Characteristics and contents of the master's programs in public health in Spain

Objetivo: Comparar las principales características académicas y los contenidos de los distintos programas de máster en salud pública ofertados actualmente en España. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en el Registro de Universidades, Centros y Títulos del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Se analizaron las principales características académicas y los contenidos (obligatorios y optativos) de los programas de 11 másteres oficiales con la acreditación renovada en 2018 de acuerdo con los datos publicados en las páginas web de las universidades. Resultados: La mayoría de los programas son de 60 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System), presenciales, se imparten en español e incluyen en su plan de estudios la realización de un trabajo de fin de máster, pero no las prácticas profesionales. Los contenidos relacionados con estadística y epidemiología básica, y la actividad formativa del trabajo de fin de máster, son las únicas materias en las que coinciden todos los programas. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los programas de máster en salud pública muestran una cierta homogeneidad respecto a sus características académicas, pero una gran heterogeneidad en relación con sus contenidos. También existe mucha variabilidad en los créditos que se otorgan a las diferentes asignaturas, sobre todo a las optativas. Sería recomendable definir uncorecomún, especialmente en los contenidos obligatorios. (AU)

Objective: To compare the main academic characteristics and contents of the different master's programs in public health currently offered in Spain. Method: A systematic search has been carried out in the Register of Universities, Centers and Degrees of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The main academic characteristics and the contents (mandatory and optional) of the programs of 11 official master's degrees with the renewed accreditation in 2018 were analyzed based on the data published on the universities' web pages. Results: Most programs are 60 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System), face-to-face, taught in Spanish, include in their curriculum the completion of a master's thesis but not professional practices. Only contents related to statistics and basic epidemiology, and the training activity of master's thesis, are offers by all programs. Conclusions: The majority of public health master's programs in Spain shows a certain homogeneity regarding their academic characteristics, but a great heterogeneity in relation to their contents. There is also a great heterogeneity in the credits granted to the different subjects, especially optional subjects. It would be advisable to standardize a common core, especially in the mandatory contents. (AU)

[Characteristics and contents of the Master's programs in public health in Spain]. / Características y contenidos de los programas de maestría en salud pública en España.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the main academic characteristics and contents of the different master's programs in public health currently offered in Spain. METHOD: A systematic search has been carried out in the Register of Universities, Centers and Degrees of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The main academic characteristics and the contents (mandatory and optional) of the programs of 11 official master's degrees with the renewed accreditation in 2018 were analyzed based on the data published on the universities' web pages. RESULTS: Most programs are 60 ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System), face-to-face, taught in Spanish, include in their curriculum the completion of a master's thesis but not professional practices. Only contents related to statistics and basic epidemiology, and the training activity of master's thesis, are offers by all programs. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of public health master's programs in Spain shows a certain homogeneity regarding their academic characteristics, but a great heterogeneity in relation to their contents. There is also a great heterogeneity in the credits granted to the different subjects, especially optional subjects. It would be advisable to standardize a common core, especially in the mandatory contents.