The aim of this study is to examine the role of Compassion towards others as a mediator between Social Job Resources (social support climate, coordination, and positive leadership), Healthy Employees (psychological well-being such as resilience, engagement, and optimism) and Healthy Organisational Outcomes (in-role performance, extra-role performance and commitment) from a gender perspective in healthcare professionals. Through the multiple analyses of variance, structural equation models, and multiple-group analyses in a sample of 1420 healthcare professionals from different public and private hospitals in Spain, this study proved the existence of gender differences, with women perceiving higher levels of Compassion. Moreover, this study shows that Compassion partially mediates the relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Employees. In addition, Compassion partially mediates the relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. Finally, Healthy Employees mediate the positive relationship between Social Job Resources and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. This is an innovative contribution to the limited research examining Compassion towards others as a personal resource that can have a positive impact in the workplace. The results also propose a way to develop and conduct interventions in order to increase Compassion towards others in the healthcare context.
Empathy , Health Personnel , Cross-Sectional Studies , Delivery of Health Care , Female , Health Personnel/psychology , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Workplace/psychology
In this study, we analyzed how organization-level demands and organizational-level social support relate to the core dimensions of burnout and work engagement, controlling for individual resources (i.e., proactive coping) and demands (i.e., acute demands) using the Job Demands-Resources Theory. In a sample of 1487 Portuguese firefighters nested within 70 fire brigades, hierarchical linear modeling indicated that: (1) proactive coping was related to lower burnout and higher work engagement, whereas acute demands were related to higher burnout and lower work engagement (for vigor only); (2) proactive coping moderated the relationship between acute demands and vigor; and (3) unexpectedly, social support from colleagues was not related to firefighters' well-being, whereas organization-level demands were related to higher burnout and lower work engagement. These results suggest the need to implement practices and policies to guarantee the relevant conditions for improving the well-being of firefighters, to develop coping strategies in a proactive way, and finally, to enhance support from colleagues.
Burnout, Professional , Firefighters , Burnout, Professional/epidemiology , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Portugal , Surveys and Questionnaires , Work Engagement , Workload
The aim of the study is to evaluate the mediating role of psychological well-being between the satisfaction/frustration of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and Healthy Organisational Outcomes, with a gender perspective. In a sample of 565 workers (65% women, response rate 72%) from two Colombian food companies, using Multigroup Structural Equation Models to test the invariance among gender, the study hypotheses were partially supported. The results show that: (1) psychological well-being fully mediates the relationship between BPN satisfaction and Healthy Organisational Outcomes; and (2) only work engagement mediates the relationship between BPN frustration and Healthy Organisational Outcomes. Specifically, people (women and men) whose basic needs are satisfied experience greater well-being and better Healthy Organisational Outcomes. In contrast, people whose BPN are frustrated experience lower levels of work engagement, which, in turn, influences their Healthy Organisational Outcomes. However, structural differences were observed among the variables, attending to gender, when invariance model grouping by gender was tested. Furthermore, ANOVA by gender found significant differences in the autonomy dimension of frustration and organisational affective commitment, in favour of men. The present study contributes to the scarce research on the role of BPN levels as a relevant driver in the development of psychological well-being and Healthy Organisational Outcomes.
Personal Autonomy , Personal Satisfaction , Female , Frustration , Humans , Male , Organizations , Work Engagement
Abstract Objectives: In this study, we analyzed the validation and effects of a brief intervention of Attachment-Based Compassion Therapy (ABCT). Specifically, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of this brief protocol in improving compassion and other related variables. Method: The intervention consists of two five-hour sessions, in a controlled trial with one intervention group (ABCT) and one control group. Before and after the intervention, a short questionnaire was administered, focused on compassion and other related variables (i.e. transcendence beliefs, happiness, endo-group solidarity, and global identity). Participants in the experimental group were 17 healthy adults (i.e., students and university teachers) attending a compassion intervention based on ABCT. The control group was composed of 44 participants who did not attend the intervention. Results: Results showed that, compared to the control group, the brief ABCT intervention significantly improved compassion, which was the main aim of the intervention, and further analysis showed that it also significantly increased transcendence beliefs and endo-group solidarity. Moreover, the ABCT intervention were empirically validated. Conclusions: These results confirm and validate the potential of a brief ABCT intervention.
Resumen Objetivos: Este estudio pretende analizar la validación y los efectos de una intervención breve centrada en la Terapia de compasión basada en los estilos de apego (ABCT). Específicamente, se trata de evaluar la eficacia de este breve protocolo para mejorar la compasión y otras variables relacionadas. Método: La intervención consta de dos sesiones de cinco horas, en un ensayo controlado con un grupo de intervención (ABCT) y un grupo control. Antes y después de la intervención, se administró un cuestionario, centrado en la compasión y otras variables relacionadas (creencias de trascendencia, felicidad, solidaridad endogrupal e identidad global). Los participantes en el grupo experimental fueron 17 adultos sanos (estudiantes y profesores universitarios) que asistieron a una intervención de compasión basada en ABCT. El grupo de control estuvo compuesto por 44 participantes que no asistieron a la intervención. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que en comparación con el grupo control, la intervención breve ABCT mejoró significativamente la compasión, que era el objetivo principal de la intervención, y un análisis posterior mostró que también aumentaron significativamente las creencias de trascendencia y la solidaridad endogrupal. Además, la intervención ABCT fue validada empíricamente. Conclusiones: Estos resultados confirman y validan el potencial de una intervención breve en ABCT.
Humans , Male , Female , Empathy
Two different mindfulness-based interventions were deployed in a sample of white-collar workers to explore the differential effects on different facets of mindfulness, dimensions of psychological wellbeing, work engagement, performance, and stress of a participant. A total of 28 participants completed one of the different programs, and their results were compared between groups and against 27 participants randomly allocated to a waiting list control group. Results suggest both mindfulness intervention programs were successful at increasing the levels of psychological wellbeing, work engagement, and performance of the participants, as well as decreasing their levels of stress. Significant differences were found between the two programs in all outcome variables. Results suggest that brief and customized mindfulness interventions at work are as successful as lengthier programs.
This study tests organizational trust as the psychosocial mechanism that explains how healthy organizational practices and team resources predict multilevel performance in organizations and teams, respectively. In our methodology, we collect data in a sample of 890 employees from 177 teams and their immediate supervisors from 31 Spanish companies. Our results from the multilevel analysis show two independent processes predicting organizational performance (return on assets, ROA) and performance ratings by immediate supervisors, operating at the organizational and team levels, respectively. We have found evidence for a theoretical and functional quasi-isomorphism. First, based on social exchange theory, we found evidence for our prediction that when organizations implement healthy practices and teams provide resources, employees trust their top managers (vertical trust) and coworkers (horizontal trust) and try to reciprocate these benefits by improving their performance. Second, (relationships among) constructs are similar at different levels of analysis, which may inform HRM officers and managers about which type of practices and resources can help to enhance trust and improve performance in organizations. The present study contributes to the scarce research on the role of trust at collective (i.e., organizational and team) levels as a psychological mechanism that explains how organizational practices and team resources are linked to organizational performance.
Organizational Culture , Trust , Multilevel Analysis , Organizations
The aim of this study is to investigate whether people who exercise regularly have higher levels of psychological well-being at work. Doing physical exercise is a habit that not only has consequences for physical and mental health, but it can also have positive consequences for organizations because physical exercise makes it easier for the employee to recover from physical, mental, and emotional effort during the workday, thus showing higher levels of engagement the next day. Through the analysis of structural equation models in a sample of 485 workers from different Spanish and Latin American companies, this study shows that subjects who exercise more have higher levels of vigor in physical exercise, which is positively related to high levels of well-being at work. This means that organizations that promote activities related to physical exercise among their employees are building a process of resource recovery, which, through the vigor of these activities, makes workers feel less stressed and more satisfied, thus experiencing greater well-being at work. Therefore, at a practical level, these results suggest that the practice of physical exercise is a tool for organizations that want to promote their employees' psychological well-being.
Exercise , Mental Health , Work , Habits , Humans , Job Satisfaction , Personal Satisfaction
The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between resources and performance, and the invariance of the HEalthy & Resilient Organizations model (HERO) depending on physical exercise. Moreover, the study examines whether there are differences in the perception of these variables based on workout and gender. The sample consisted of 319 employees (156 sedentary and 163 non-sedentary employees). The results show that engagement mediates between resources and performance in both groups, which demonstrates the invariance of the model. Additionally, the findings revealed that, generally speaking, non-sedentary people are more empathetic and more absorbed in their job tasks and, specifically, that non-sedentary men are more empathetic and more vigorous at work than sedentary men. No differences were found between sedentary and non-sedentary women. Finally, regarding gender differences in variables, women are more empathetic and have better performance than men
El objetivo de este estudio ha sido investigar el papel mediador del engagement en el trabajo en la relación entre los recursos y el desempeño y la invariabilidad del modelo de organizaciones saludables y resilientes en función del ejercicio físico. Además, el estudio examina si hay diferencias en la percepción de estas variables según el ejercicio físico y el género. La muestra está compuesta por 319 empleados (156 sedentarios y 163 no sedentarios). Los resultados muestran que el engagement media entre los recursos y el desempeño en ambos grupos, lo que demuestra la invariancia del modelo. Además, los resultados revelaron que, en general, las personas no sedentarias son más empáticas y están más absortas en sus tareas laborales y, específicamente, que los hombres no sedentarios son más empáticos y más vigorosos en el trabajo que los hombres sedentarios. No se encontraron diferencias entre mujeres sedentarias y no sedentarias. Finalmente, con respecto a las diferencias de género en las variables, las mujeres son más empáticas y tienen un mejor rendimiento que los hombres
Humans , Work Engagement , Work Performance/statistics & numerical data , Exercise/psychology , Models, Organizational , 16360 , Job Satisfaction , Sex Distribution
This brief report proposes a model in which academic psychological capital (PsyCap) mediates between the satisfaction of student's basic psychological needs and their academic performance, as assessed by students' GPA. Participants were 407 adolescents, aged 12-18, recruited from three Chilean schools. Through structural equation modeling, direct and indirect effects were calculated. Results show that academic PsyCap (assessed at time 2) fully mediates the relationship between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (assessed at time 1) and academic performance (assessed at time 3). This means that students whose basic psychological needs are satisfied at school experience more hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism (PsyCap), which, in turn, leads to better academic performance. Both theoretical and practical implications of the results are addressed, as well as strengths and weaknesses and directions for future research.
Resumen Basado en la "teoría cognitiva social", el objetivo del presente trabajo es poner a prueba la invarianza estructural de un modelo sociocognitivo en donde la autoeficacia profesional desempeña un rol predictor del burnout y del engagement en el trabajo, en dos muestras independientes y heterogéneas de trabajadores españoles (N =1.406) y argentinos (N = 687). Se realizó un estudio ex post facto prospectivo utilizando ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) y análisis multivariante de la varianza (MANOVA) para analizar la invarianza del modelo y determinar si existen diferencias en las variables estudiadas en función del país. Los resultados de SEM y MANOVA muestran que: a) luego de incorporar algunas re-especificaciones al modelo de relaciones de la autoeficacia, burnout y engagement, este es invariante en las dos muestras (x2 = 209.61, gl = 16, p<.001, CFI = .94, IFI = .94, TLI = .94 RMSEA = .07); b) la autoeficacia profesional tiene una influencia negativa sobre el corazón del burnout (β Argentina = -.25 y β España = -.22, p < .001) y positiva con el corazón del engagement (β Argentina = .34 y β España = .41, p < .001), y c) existen diferencias significativas en función del país, mostrando en los trabajadores argentinos puntuaciones significativamente más altas en autoeficacia (F =107.13, p<.001). Los resultados corroboran la importancia de las creencias de autoeficacia sobre el burnout y engagement tanto en Argentina como en España.
Abstract Building upon Social Cognitive Theory, the purpose of the current study was to test a model in which self-efficacy beliefs influence job burnout and engagement, and to examine its invariance across Spanish (n = 1406) and Argentinean (n = 687) employees from private and public sectors. A prospective expo facto study was carried out, using a structural equation model (SEM), and analyzes were also carried out on the internal consistency of the scales (α Cronbach) and MANOVA to analyze differences in the variables studied according to the country. The results of SEM and Analysis of Variance show that: (a) after incorporating some respecifications into the relationship model of self-efficacy, burnout and engagement, this is invariant in the two samples (X 2= 209.61, gl = 16, p <. 001, CFI = .94, IFI = .94, TLI = .94 RMSEA = .07); (b) professional self-efficacy has a negative and significant influence on the heart of burnout (β Argentina = -.25 and β Spain = -.22, p <.001), while the influence is significant and positive with the heart of the engagement (β Argentina = .34 and β Spain = .41, p <.001). while it is positively associated with engagement levels, regardless of the country; (c) there are significant differences according to the country, showing the Argentine workers scores significantly higher in self-efficacy (F = 107.13, p <.001). The results show that self-efficacy influences both burnout and engagement and this is maintained in both countries.
Psychological Theory , Self Efficacy , Occupational Stress , Burnout, Psychological , Social Cognition , Patient Participation , Work , Efficacy , Multivariate Analysis , Analysis of Variance , Culture , Methodology as a Subject , Occupational Groups
The present study analyzes the mediator role of work-team trust (i.e., horizontal trust) in the relationship between transformational leadership, as a social resource, and team performance (i.e., in and extra role performance), as suggested by HERO Model (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations Model; Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, & Martínez, 2012). The sample corresponds to 388 workers nested in 54 teams from four organizations in the healthcare sector. Horizontal trust and transformational leadership were assessed by the work teams, and performance was assessed by the supervisors of these teams. Structural equation models revealed, as expected, that horizontal trust has a fully mediating role between transformational leadership perceived at the team level and team performance assessed by the supervisor
En el presente estudio analizamos el rol mediador de la confianza en el equipo de trabajo (i.e., confianza horizontal) entre el liderazgo transformacional, como recurso social, y el desempeño en equipo (i.e., desempeño intra y extra rol), tal como sugiere el Modelo HERO (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations Model; Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, & Martínez, 2012). La muestra corresponde a 388 trabajadores/as agrupados/as en 54 equipos de trabajo pertenecientes a cuatro organizaciones del sector sanitario. La confianza horizontal y el liderazgo transformacional fueron evaluados por los equipos de trabajo y el desempeño fue evaluado por los/as supervisores/as de esos equipos. Los modelos de Ecuaciones Estructurales revelaron, tal como se esperaba, que la confianza horizontal, tiene un papel mediador entre el liderazgo transformacional percibido por el equipo y el desempeño en equipo evaluado por el/la supervisor/a
Humans , Group Processes , Leadership , Trust , Health Personnel/organization & administration , Interpersonal Relations , Social Behavior , Organizational Culture
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar los principales resultados obtenidos por el equipo de investigación WANT Prevención Psicosocial y Organizaciones Saludables sobre el Modelo HERO (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations) para conceptualizar, evaluar e intervenir en el desarrollo de personas, grupos y organizaciones positivas. En primer lugar, se presenta el modelo teórico, metodología y herramientas para la evaluación de HEROs. Estas herramientas se administran a nivel colectivo y se aplican a diferentes stakeholders o agentes clave en la organización: entrevistas a dirección, y cuestionarios dirigidos a empleados distribuidos en grupos naturales, supervisores, y clientes. En segundo lugar, se presentan los principales resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de la metodología HERO en diferentes contextos socioeconómicos. En la última parte del trabajo se muestran distintas opciones de intervenciones positivas, así como recientes experiencias de intervención HERO que se han llevado a cabo desde nuestro equipo bajo el paradigma de la Psicología Organizacional Positiva
The aim of the current paper is to show the main results obtained by the WANT Research team on the HERO Model (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations) to conceptualize, evaluate and intervene in the development of healthy and positive people, groups and organizations. First, we present the theoretical model, methodology and tools to evaluate HEROs. These tools are collectively administered and applied to different stakeholders in the organization: interviews with CEOs, and questionnaires aimed at employees distributed in natural groups, supervisors and clients. Secondly, we present the main results obtained from the application of the HERO methodology in different socio-economic contexts. The last part of the paper is dedicated to highlighting the different options of positive interventions, as well as recent experiences in the HEROs intervention carried out by WANT based on Positive Organizational Psychology
Humans , Psychological Techniques/methods , Reinforcement, Psychology , Psychology, Applied/methods , Models, Organizational , Adaptation, Psychological , Healthy People Programs , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions
Objetivo. Analizar la relación entre la similitud de las características demográficas (género, tipo de contrato y años trabajando en la empresa) y la similitud en los afectos positivos en equipos de trabajo, a partir de la teoría del contagio emocional. Método. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 691 empleados, anidados en 110 equipos de trabajo, de 21 empresas españolas. Resultados. Los análisis de regresión revelan que la similitud en cuanto al tipo de contrato y años trabajando en la empresa fueron predictores significativos y positivos de la similitud en términos de afectos positivos en equipos de trabajo. Conclusión. Los afectos positivos se comparten en mayor medida en equipos de trabajo que están integrados por personas que comparten características sociodemográficas similares.
Objective. Based on emotional contagion theory, this paper analyzes the relationship between the similarity of demographic characteristics (gender, type of contract, and company tenure) and the similarity in positive effects within working teams. Method. The sample consisted of 691 employees nested within 110 teams in 21 Spanish companies. Results. Regression analyses showed that similarity in type of contract and number of years of employment in the company, were significantly and positively associated with similarity in terms of positive effect in work teams. Conclusion. Thus, team members sharing demographic characteristics are more similar in terms of positive affect.
Escopo. Analisar a relação entre a similitude das características demográficas (gênero, tipo de contrato e anos trabalhando na empresa) e a similitude nos afetos positivos em equipes de trabalho, a partir da teoria do contágio emocional. Metodologia. A amostra está composta por 691 empregados agrupados em 110 equipes de trabalho de 21 empresas espanholas. Resultados. Os análises de regressão revelam que a similitude em quanto ao tipo de contrato e anos trabalhando na empresa foram preditores significativos e positivos da similitude em termos de afetos positivos em equipes de trabalho. Conclusão. Os afetos positivos são compartilhados em maior medida em equipes de trabalho que estão integradas por pessoal que comparte características sócio-demográficas similares.
Humans , Affect , Disease Transmission, Infectious
This study examines the role of supporting leadership and selfefficacy in the development of work engagement. We evaluate the mediating role of self-efficacy between leadership and work engagement in a sample of 271 employees from a Public Administration (City Hall). Results from the Structural Equation Modeling Analysis reveal that self-efficacy mediates the relationship between leadership and work engagement. The perception of having supporting leaders relates significantly with employees' self-efficacy, which in turns, positively relates to work engagement
En el presente estudio se analiza el papel del liderazgo de apoyo y de la autoeficacia en el desarrollo del engagement en el trabajo. Concretamente, se evalúa el papel mediador que desempeña la autoeficacia entre el liderazgo y el engagement en el trabajo. La muestra está compuesta por 271 empleados que pertenecen a una Administración Pública (Ayuntamiento). Análisis de Ecuaciones Estructurales revelan que la autoeficacia media la relación entre liderazgo y engagement en el trabajo. La percepción de tener un liderazgo de apoyo se relaciona de manera significativa con la autoeficacia de los empleados, que a su vez, se relaciona positivamente con el engagement en el trabajo
Leadership , Self Efficacy , Labor Relations , Employee Incentive Plans/trends , 16360 , Reinforcement, Psychology
The objective of the current study is to analyze the role of professional self-efficacy as a predictor of psychosocial well-being (i.e., burnout and engagement) following the Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura (1997). Structural Equation Modeling was performed in a sample of secondary school teachers (n = 460) and users of Information and Communication Technology (n = 596). Results show empirical support for the predicting role that professional self-efficacy plays in the perception of challenge (i.e., mental overload) and hindrance demands (i.e., role conflict, lack of control, and lack of social support), which are in turn related to burnout (i.e., erosion process) and engagement (i.e., motivational process). Specifically, employees with more professional self-efficacy will perceive more challenge demands and fewer hindrance demands, and this will in turn relate to more engagement and less burnout. A multi-group analysis showed that the research model was invariant across both samples. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Burnout, Professional/psychology , Employment/psychology , Faculty , Professional Competence , Self Efficacy , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar una síntesis de las principales aportaciones prácticas basadas en la evidencia científica que el equipo WoNT de la Universitat Jaume I ha llevado a cabo en materia de Psicología de la Salud Ocupacional y Psicología Organizacional Positiva en contextos de crisis. En concreto, se presenta la metodología RED (Recursos-Experiencias-Demandas) para la evaluación de riesgos y daños psicosociales, y estados emocionales positivos. Además, se muestra una metodología heurística basada en la Psicología Organizacional Positiva, que apuesta por la evaluación e intervención en Organizaciones Saludables y Resilientes (HEROs) (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations) como una estrategia para ofrecer resultados más cercanos a la realidad laboral y social de la crisis
The objective of the current paper is to summarize the main evidence-based practical contributions of the WoNT team from Universitat Jaume I carried out on Occupational Health Psychology and Positive Organizational Psychology in crises settings. Specifically, we show the RED (Resources-Experiences- Demands) methodology that allows assessing risks and psychosocial damages, and emotional positive states. Furthermore, we also propose a heuristic methodology that, focused on Positive Psychology, facilitates the evaluation and intervention of HEROs (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations) as a way to adapt to the occupational and social reality of the crisis
Humans , 16360 , Economic Recession , Organizational Policy , Psychology, Applied/trends , Occupational Health/trends , Social Support , Occupational Risks , Personal Construct Theory
The aim of this study was to establish a typology of employee well-being, together with its psychosocial antecedents and consequences. Results obtained with a sample of 786 full-time employees from different occupational sectors show four types of employee well-being: 9-to-5 or relaxed, work engaged or enthusiastic, workaholic or tense, and burned-out or fatigued, each having different relationships with job and personal characteristics. This study provides evidence of a parsimonious, theory-based classification of employee well-being and contributes to the existing literature about work investment because meaningful relations were found between various types of employee well-being, and heavy and soft work investors.
Attitude , Employment/psychology , Job Satisfaction , Occupational Health/classification , Work/psychology , Adult , Burnout, Professional/psychology , Cluster Analysis , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Fatigue/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Models, Psychological , Motivation , Multivariate Analysis , Personnel Loyalty , Professional Competence , Surveys and Questionnaires , Workload/psychology , Young Adult
Emotional contagion theory applied to work and organizations posits that positive emotions are shared among team members, thus enabling them to converge in desirable shared states such as team work engagement. The aim of this study is to analyze how similarity among team members in terms of gender and company tenure is related to convergence in work engagement at the team level. Similarity in terms of gender and company tenure was expected to be positively related to convergence in team work engagement. Hierarchical regression modeling in 161 teams showed that similarity in terms of gender was positively related to convergence in team work engagement, whereas, unexpectedly, similarity in company tenure was negatively related to convergence in team work engagement (AU)
La teoría del contagio emocional aplicada al trabajo y a las organizaciones plantea que las emociones positivas se comparten con los miembros del equipo, a los que capacita para la convergencia en estados deseables compartidos como el engagement con el trabajo en equipos. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar en qué sentido la similitud entre los miembros del equipo en cuanto a sexo y antigüedad en la empresa se relaciona con la convergencia en el engagement con el trabajo en equipos. Se esperaba que la similitud en cuanto a género y antigüedad en la empresa se relacionase positivamente con la convergencia en el engagement con el trabajo en equipos. Los modelos de regresión multinivel aplicados a 161 equipos de trabajo muestran que la similitud de los miembros en cuanto a género se relaciona positivamente con la convergencia en engagement con el trabajo en equipos mientras que, inesperadamente, la similitud en antigüedad en la empresa se relaciona negativamente con la convergencia en engagement con el trabajo en equipos (AU)
Humans , Group Processes , Motivation , 16359 , Reinforcement, Psychology , Work Schedule Tolerance/psychology , 16360 , Efficiency, Organizational
We describe how (positive) organizations can be enhanced from the framework of Positive Psychology, being healthy from a psychological point of view, as well as resilient in times of crisis and turmoil. Thus, Healthy & Resilient Organizations (HEROs) make systematic, planned, and proactive efforts to improve employees' and organizational processes and outcomes (Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, & Martínez, 2012). These efforts involve fostering healthy organizational resources and practices aimed at improving the work environment, especially during changing times. Despite its relevance in modern societies, research on how to develop HEROs is scarce. Therefore, in this article first we focus on its concept and the measurement, and then, we review the main research conducted on interventions to promote HEROs based on Positive Psychology from a collective (teams and organizations) and an individual (employee) point of view. Lastly, we develop a set of best practices on positive interventions in the organizational context.
Describimos cómo las organizaciones (positivas) pueden mejorar desde la Psicología Positiva, siendo saludables desde un punto de vista psicológico, y resilientes en tiempos de crisis y confusión. Las organizaciones saludables y resilientes (Healthy & Resilient Organizations - HEROs) hacen esfuerzos sistemáticos, planificados, y proactivos para mejorar la salud de sus empleados, y los procesos y resultados de la organización (Salanova, Llorens, Cifre, y Martínez, 2012). Estos esfuerzos incluyen fomentar recursos y prácticas organizacionales saludables para mejorar el trabajo, especialmente durante tiempos de cambios. A pesar de su importancia en las sociedades modernas, la investigación sobre cómo desarrollar HEROs es escasa. En este artículo revisamos su concepto y medida, así como las principales investigaciones sobre intervenciones para promover HEROs basadas en la psicología positiva, tanto a nivel colectivo (equipos y organizaciones) como individual (empleado). Por último, se describen cuáles son las "mejores prácticas" en materia de intervenciones positivas en el contexto organizacional.
Humans , Workplace/psychology , Organizations , Occupational Health , Leadership , Resilience, Psychological , Job Satisfaction
