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1.
Cad Saude Publica ; 40(5): e00064423, 2024.
Article Pt | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38775609

Difficult access to birth care services is associated with infant and neonatal mortality and maternal morbidity and mortality. In this study, data from the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS) were used to map the evolution of geographic accessibility to hospital birth of usual risk in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, corresponding to 418,243 admissions in 2010-2011 and 2018-2019. Travel flows, distances traveled, and intermunicipal travel time between the pregnant women's municipality and hospital location were estimated. An increase from 15.9% to 21.5% was observed in the number of pregnant women who needed to travel. The distance traveled increased from 24.6 to 26km, and the travel time from 76.4 to 96.1 minutes, with high variation between Health Regions (HR). Pregnant women living in HR Central-South traveled more frequently (37.4-48.9%), and those living in the HRs Baía da Ilha Grande and Northwest traveled the largest distances (90.9-132.1km) and took more time to get to the hospital in 2018-2019 (96-137 minutes). The identification of municipalities that received pregnant women from many other municipalities and municipalities that treated a higher number of pregnant women (hubs and attraction poles, respectively) reflected the unavailability and disparities in access to services. Regional inequalities and reduced accessibility highlight the need to adapt supply to demand and review the distribution of birth care services in the state of Rio de Janeiro. This study contributes to research and planning on access to maternal and child health services and can be used as a reference study for other states in the country.


A dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de atenção ao parto está associada à mortalidade infantil e neonatal e à morbimortalidade materna. Neste estudo, dados do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) foram utilizados para mapear a evolução da acessibilidade geográfica ao parto hospitalar de risco habitual no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, correspondentes a 418.243 internações nos biênios 2010-2011 e 2018-2019. Foram estimados os fluxos de deslocamento, as distâncias percorridas e o tempo de deslocamento intermunicipal entre o município de residência e de internação das gestantes. Houve um crescimento de 15,9% para 21,5% na proporção de gestantes que precisaram se deslocar. A distância percorrida aumentou de 24,6 para 26km, e o tempo de deslocamento de 76,4 para 96,1 minutos, com grande variação entre as Regiões de Saúde (RS). As gestantes residentes na RS Centro Sul se deslocaram mais frequentemente (37,4-48,9%), e as residentes nas RS Baía da Ilha Grande e Noroeste percorreram as maiores distâncias (90,9-132,1km) e levaram mais tempo para chegar ao hospital no último biênio (96-137 minutos). A identificação dos municípios que receberam gestantes de muitos outros municípios e daqueles que atenderam maior volume de gestantes (núcleos e polos de atração, respectivamente) refletiu a indisponibilidade e as disparidades no acesso aos serviços. As desigualdades regionais e a redução da acessibilidade alertam para a necessidade de adequar a oferta à demanda e de revisar a distribuição dos serviços de atenção ao parto no Rio de Janeiro. O estudo contribui para as pesquisas e o planejamento sobre o acesso a serviços de saúde materno-infantil, além de servir como referência para outros estados do país.


La dificultad para acceder a los servicios de atención al parto está asociada con la mortalidad infantil y neonatal, y con la morbimortalidad materna. En este estudio, se utilizaron datos del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) para mapear la evolución de la accesibilidad geográfica al parto hospitalario de riesgo habitual en el estado de Río de Janeiro, Brasil, correspondiente a 418.243 hospitalizaciones en los bienios 2010-2011 y 2018-2019. Se estimaron los flujos de desplazamiento, las distancias recorridas y el tiempo de desplazamiento intermunicipal entre el municipio de residencia y la hospitalización de las mujeres embarazadas. Hubo un aumento del 15,9% al 21,5% en la proporción de mujeres embarazadas que necesitaron desplazarse. La distancia recorrida aumentó de 24,6 a 26km y el tiempo de desplazamiento de 76,4 a 96,1 minutos, con gran variación entre las Regiones de Salud (RS). Las mujeres embarazadas residentes en la RS Centro Sul se desplazaron con mayor frecuencia (37,4-48,9%), y las residentes en las RS Baía da Ilha Grande y Noroeste recorrieron las mayores distancias (90,9-132,1km) y tardaron más en llegar al hospital en el últimos bienio (96-137 minutos). La identificación de los municipios que recibieron mujeres embarazadas de muchos otros municipios y de aquellos que atendieron a un mayor volumen de mujeres embarazadas (núcleos y polos de atracción, respectivamente) reflejó la indisponibilidad y las disparidades en el acceso a los servicios. Las desigualdades regionales y la reducida accesibilidad alertan sobre la necesidad de adaptar la oferta a la demanda, y de revisar la distribución de los servicios de atención al parto en el estado de Rio de Janeiro. El estudio contribuye a las investigaciones y a la planificación sobre el acceso a los servicios de salud materno-infantil, y puede servir como referencia para otros estados del país.


Health Services Accessibility , Travel , Humans , Brazil , Female , Health Services Accessibility/statistics & numerical data , Pregnancy , Travel/statistics & numerical data , Socioeconomic Factors , Healthcare Disparities/statistics & numerical data , Time Factors , Maternal Health Services/statistics & numerical data , Maternal Health Services/supply & distribution , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , Delivery, Obstetric/statistics & numerical data , Infant, Newborn
2.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 18(4): 441-4, 2014.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24835621

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of RNA interference to inhibit herpes simplex virus type-1 replication in vitro. For herpes simplex virus type-1 gene silencing, three different small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the herpes simplex virus type-1 UL39 gene (sequence si-UL 39-1, si-UL 39-2, and si-UL 39-3) were used, which encode the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase, an essential enzyme for DNA synthesis. Herpes simplex virus type-1 was isolated from saliva samples and mucocutaneous lesions from infected patients. All mucocutaneous lesions' samples were positive for herpes simplex virus type-1 by real-time PCR and by virus isolation; all herpes simplex virus type-1 from saliva samples were positive by real-time PCR and 50% were positive by virus isolation. The levels of herpes simplex virus type-1 DNA remaining after siRNA treatment were assessed by real-time PCR, whose results demonstrated that the effect of siRNAs on gene expression depends on siRNA concentration. The three siRNA sequences used were able to inhibit viral replication, assessed by real-time PCR and plaque assays and among them, the sequence si-UL 39-1 was the most effective. This sequence inhibited 99% of herpes simplex virus type-1 replication. The results demonstrate that silencing herpes simplex virus type-1 UL39 expression by siRNAs effectively inhibits herpes simplex virus type-1 replication, suggesting that siRNA based antiviral strategy may be a potential therapeutic alternative.


Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology , RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology , Saliva/virology , Skin Diseases, Viral/virology , Virus Replication/drug effects , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics , Humans , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Vero Cells , Viral Plaque Assay , Virus Replication/genetics , Virus Replication/physiology
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2010. xv,92 p. ilus, tab, graf, mapas.
Thesis Pt | LILACS | ID: lil-588847

O vírus da hepatite A (HVA) possui genoma RNA de fitas simples de 7,5 Kb e polaridade positiva. Este vírus pertence à família Picornaviridae, gênero Hepatovirus, com propriedades biológicas únicas, em particular, o crescimento lento em cultura celular com ausência de efeito citopático. O HAV causa uma infecção autolimitada normalmente com pouco ou nenhum sintoma em pacientes jovens (abaixo de 5 anos). Já em pacientes adultos, sintomas graves podem aparecer com 1por cento dos casos podendo evoluir para uma hepatite fulminante. A inibição da replicação viral pode retardar a infecção pelo vírus prevenindo uma hepatite fulminante. Pequenos RNAs de interferência (siRNAs) que agem com base na degradação sequência-específica do genoma, pode constituir uma nova estratégia para a inibição específica de vários tipos de vírus. A interferência por siRNA é um processo onde fitas duplas de RNA (dsRNA) são capazes de silenciar as funções específicas de um gene alvo. A via de siRNA pode ser induzida em células por transfecção de oligômeros sintéticos de 21-23 nucleotídeos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o silenciamento produzido por três sequências especificas de siRNAs, uma para região 2C (helicase), e duas para 3D (protease) do genoma do HAV. Vinte e quatro horas antes da infecção, células FRHK-4 foram cultivadas em placas de 24 poços, com meio de 199 e densidade de 105 células por poço...


Base Sequence , Gene Silencing , Hepatitis A/epidemiology , Virus Replication , Hepatitis A virus/genetics
4.
Vet J ; 182(3): 474-80, 2009 Dec.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18805029

Active hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections in two Brazilian swine herds were investigated. In study 1, 26 piglets born to five anti-HEV positive sows were monitored from birth to post-partum week 22. Serum samples were screened for the detection of anti-HEV antibodies and a nested RT-PCR used to examine the HEV genome. Passive transfer of immunity was confirmed. At week 22, 23/26 (88.4%) of the piglets had seroconverted. Genome amplification was achieved in a feces pool from one holding pen and in one serum sample, both from 13-week-old animals. Histology was suggestive of a potential HEV infection. In the second study, 47 piglets born to six anti-HEV-positive sows were monitored after weaning. Seroconversion was determined in eight animals at 6-8 weeks of age. HEV RNA was detected in two pools from a holding pen for 12-16-week-old animals. Brazilian isolates were classified as genotype 3. This is the first molecular evidence of HEV infection in Brazilian pig herds.


Antibodies, Viral/blood , Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis E/veterinary , RNA, Viral/analysis , Swine Diseases/epidemiology , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Brazil/epidemiology , Disease Reservoirs/veterinary , Disease Reservoirs/virology , Female , Gene Amplification , Genotype , Hepatitis E/epidemiology , Hepatitis E/transmission , Hepatitis E/virology , Hepatitis E virus/classification , Hepatitis E virus/genetics , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/veterinary , Male , Molecular Epidemiology , Phylogeny , Pregnancy , Public Health , Retrospective Studies , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Swine , Swine Diseases/transmission , Swine Diseases/virology , Zoonoses
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