Intestinal microbial diversity of swines fed with different sources of lithium.

A drug that is widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorder is lithium (Li) salts. The people who make therapeutic use of this drug develop a series of side effects. Through metataxonomic data, this study assessed the impacts of lithium, as Li carbonate or Li-enriched mushrooms, on the microbial composition of the ileum, colon, and feces of piglets. Employing Bray-Curtis metric, no differences were observed among the treatments evaluated. Nevertheless, the alpha diversity indices showed differences in the Simpson, Shannon, and Chao-1 indices in the colon and Chao-1 in the feces in the diets with Li compared with the diets without Li. The taxa with the highest relative abundance varied among the ileum, colon, and feces, with a predominance of the phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria in diets with Li. Many groups of microorganisms that are important for the health of the host (e.g., Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae, Enterorhabdus, Muribaculaceae, and Coprococcus) had their relative abundance increased in animals that received diets with the recommended dose of lithium. Furthermore, there was an increase in the abundance of Prevotellaceae and Bacteroidales (in the diet with Li-enriched mushroom) and Clostridia, Ruminococcus, Burkholderia, and Bacteroidales (diets with Li carbonate) at the recommended dosages. This is the first study to show the effects of Li carbonate and Li-enriched mushrooms on the intestinal microbiota of piglets. Thus, the effects of lithium on the body may be related to its ability to change the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03938-3.

Lentinula edodes lignocellulolases and lipases produced in Macaúba residue and use of the enzymatic extract in the degradation of textile dyes.

Agro-industrial residue and textile effluents have caused environmental damage to soil and water bodies. The production of fungal enzymes using agro-industrial residues and the use of these enzymes in the degradation of textile dyes can be a viable alternative to reduce these environmental damages. Lentinula edodes is a white rot fungus with high nutritional value that produces edible mushrooms and enzymes of commercial interest. Thus, the objectives of this study were to produce, purify, and biochemically characterize the lignocellulolytic enzymes and lipases produced for L. edodes in Macaúba coconut and to evaluate their potential for the degradation of textile dyes. The L. edodes UFV 73 had maximum enzymatic activity at 37 days of incubation. After the purification steps, the laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP), cellulase, and, xylanase yields were 489.01, 264.2, 105.02, and 9.5%. The optimum temperature of cellulase activity did not change from 4 to 60 °C. The MnP, laccase, and lipase had activity directly proportional to the increase in temperature, while the cellulase and xylanase activity did not change. The optimum pH varied among analyzed enzymes. All the enzymes analyzed are according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The lignocellulolytic enzymes were stable up to 8 h of incubation and lipase had a reduction of activity after one hour. The discoloration rate of indigo dye by partially purified enzymatic extract (PPPE) was 40%, which shows its potential for degradation of dyes from textile industries.

Bioavailability of Li-enriched mushrooms and protection against oxidative stress in pigs: First study in vivo.

Mycelia and mushrooms are able to bioaccumulate minerals. Lithium is the active principle of drugs used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases. However, a dietary source of Li can reduce the side effects of these drugs. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of Li-enriched mushroom of Pleurotus djamor in pigs and the effects of this element on oxidative stress in the animal tissues. Pigs 28-30 days-old were fed with diets containing or not Li for five days. Levels of serum cortisol were related to the Li dosage from diet. Li-enriched mushrooms were more bioavailable source of Li to the body than Li2CO3. These mushrooms also improved the effects of oxidative enzymes and showed less oxidative damage than Li2CO3. These results demonstrate the potential to use Li-enriched P. djamor as a source of Li that is more bioavailable and present protective effects against oxidative stress.

Physical capacity, body composition and immune-inflammatory markers are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease in sedentary people living with HIV.

BACKGROUND: People living with HIV (PLHIV) are experiencing a high level of non-HIV-related disease mainly related to cardiovascular system however the factors associated with this scenario are widely discussed and indefinite so far. The purpose was to investigate the association of physical capacities, body composition, and immune-inflammatory markers with the Framingham risk score (FRS) in PLHIV. METHODS: Volunteers were recruited and data on age, the time of HIV infection diagnosis and the time of HAART use were collected. The volunteers performed upper limb strength (ULS), lower limb strength (LLS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak) tests, body composition evaluation, and blood collection to immune-inflammatory marker markers and the FRS was calculated. Partial age- and sex-adjusted correlation was used to verify associations between factors and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify an independent association of FRS and the variables. RESULTS: 113 PLHIV met the eligible criteria and were observed a negative correlation between CD4+ (r=-0.615), time of HIV infection diagnosis (r=-0.237), time of HAART use (r=-0.239), ULS (r=-0.274), LLS (r=-0.213), and VO2peak (r=-0.207) with FRS. There was a positive correlation between fibrinogen and FRS (r=0.363; P<0.001). The TCD4+ count cells were significantly associated with FRS (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Environmental and biological HIV-related factors are inversely associated with FRS while immune-inflammation markers have a positive association.

Physical Training Improves Cardiac Structure and Function of Rats After Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy

Abstract Background: The use of doxorubicin in chemotherapy has been associated with cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Physical exercise produces favorable morphofunctional adaptations in the cardiovascular system and may reverse cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing chemotherapy. Objective: To assess the effects of physical training on myocardial structure, cardiac function, and exercise tolerance in Wistar rats initiated after the onset of cardiotoxicity-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: This study investigated 30 adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (EX), doxorubicin (DX), and doxorubicin and exercise (DXEX). The DX and DXEX groups received six doses of doxorubincin from 1.25 mg/kg body weight up to a cumulative dose of 7.5 mg/kg. Injections were administered intraperitoneally three times a week for two weeks; after this stage, the EX and DXEX groups started physical training (swimming) sessions three times a week with a load of 5% of their body weight. Echocardiography and exercise tolerance tests were performed. Generalized linear models were used in statistical analysis, and a p<0.05 was set as statistically significant. Results: Left ventricular shortening fraction and ejection fraction were reduced in the DX group compared to C, EX, and DXEX. The DXEX group showed greater tolerance to effort when compared to the DX and C groups. Conclusion: Physical training, initiated after the onset of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, improved cardiac function and exercise tolerance in rats.

Os desafios da educação em saúde na escola pública / Los retos de la educación para la salud en las escuelas públicas / The challenges of health education in public schools

Objetivo: O objetivo do artigo é discutir os desafios enfrentados pela escola pública para a educação em saúde. Método: foi utilizado o procedimento metodológico da revisão integrativa de literatura, em busca por artigos publicados entre os anos de 2015 a 2022 , com os seguintes descritores de pesquisa: saúde; escola pública; educação em saúde, direito à saúde; educação básica. As bases de dados consultadas foram: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Scielo e Capes. Resultados: a educação em saúde na escola pública, comumente, é vista como a conscientização sobre o autocuidado para evitar doenças, porém, de modo mais amplo, pode ser trabalhada para estimular a reflexão crítica e garantir um direito social. Conclusão: os desafios do ensino de saúde em escola pública é efetivar abordagens que possam elucidar questões que contribuam com a formação cidadã, como o acesso a bens e serviços por meio das políticas públicas. Estima-se, assim, que é necessária maior parceria dos setores educacionais e de saúde para que possam contemplar programas que capacitem os profissionais da educação para a realização de uma abordagem total sobre a saúde como direito fundamental que perpassa a ausência de doenças para contemplar diversos aspectos que garantem a qualidade de vida.(AU)

Objective: Objective of health education by public school for public education. Method: the review used the methodological procedure of the integrative literature, in search of articles published between the years 2015 to 2022, with the following research descriptions: health; public school; health education, right to health; basic education. The databases consulted were: Virtual Health Library, Scielo and Capes. Results: health education in public schools is commonly seen as an awareness of the self to avoid diseases, however, in a broader way, it can be worked on to stimulate critical reflection and guarantee a social right. Conclusion: the challenges of public health education are approaches that can elucidate issues that contribute to the formation of the city, such as access to goods and services through public policies. It is estimated, therefore, that a greater partnership between studies and health is necessary so that it can contemplate programs that train education professionals to carry out a total approach to health as a fundamental right that permeates the diversity of absence of diseases, aspects that guarantee the quality of life.(AU)

Objetivo: Objetivo de la educación en salud por parte de la escuela pública para la educación pública. Método: la revisión utilizó el procedimiento metodológico de la literatura integradora, en busca de artículos publicados entre los años 2015 a 2022, con las siguientes descripciones de investigación: salud; escuela pública; educación para la salud, derecho a la salud; Educación básica. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron: Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Scielo y Capes. Resultados: la educación en salud en las escuelas públicas es comúnmente vista como una conciencia de sí mismo para evitar enfermedades, sin embargo, de manera más amplia, puede ser trabajada para estimular la reflexión crítica y garantizar un derecho social. Conclusión: los desafíos de la educación en salud pública son enfoques que pueden dilucidar cuestiones que contribuyen a la formación de la ciudad, como el acceso a bienes y servicios a través de políticas públicas. Estima-se assim, que é necessária maior parceria dos estudos e de saúde para que possa contemplar os programas que capacitam profissionais da educação para a realização de uma abordagem total a saúde como direito fundamental que perpassa a diversidade de ausência de doenças aspectos que garantem a calidad de vida.(AU)

Fatores intervenientes no cuidado de idosos domiciliados: análises de enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde / Intervening factors in the care of elderly domiciled: analyses of primary health care nurses / Factores intervinientes en el cuidado de ancianos en domicilio: análisis de enfermeros de atención primaria

Objetivo: Analisar os fatores que interferem no cuidado produzido por enfermeiros da atenção primária à saúde aos idosos domiciliados. Método: Estudo qualitativo realizado com onze enfermeiros de unidades básicas de saúde do município de Boa Vista, Roraima. A estratégia adotada para coleta dos dados foi uma entrevista semiestruturada via plataforma digital. Os achados foram analisados segundo Bardin. Resultados: As unidades de registros foram decodificadas em quatro dimensões: criação de vínculo do enfermeiro com idosos domiciliados, implicação e distanciamento familiar na prestação dos cuidados ofertados pelos enfermeiros ao idoso no domicílio e idosos que moram sozinhos no lar. Conclusão: Os fatores intervenientes envolvidos nos cuidados dos enfermeiros aos idosos domiciliados foram: vínculo, mediado por relações de confiança, aproximação, trocas de experiências, atuação, colaboração, atenção, adesão, não compreensão das orientações em saúde, negação dos cuidados ofertados, distanciamento, falta de apoio dos familiares, e, idosos que moram sozinhos. (AU)

Objective: Analyze the factors that interfere with the quality of care given by primary healthcare nurses to the elderly domiciled. Methods: Qualitative study conducted with eleven nurses from basic health units in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima. The strategy adopted for data collect was through a semi-structured interview via the digital platform. Bardin's content analysis technique was applied to the findings. Results: The data records units were interpreted into four areas: bonding between the nurses and patients; family involvement and distance in the provision of care offered by nurses; and elderly people who live alone in the home. Conclusion: The intervening factors involved in the nurses' care for the elderly domiciled were: bonding; mediated by relationships of trust, closeness and exchange of experiences; performance, collaboration, attention, adherence, not understanding health guidelines, denial of care offered, distance, lack of support from family members, and elderly people who live alone. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar los factores que interfieren en los cuidados prestados por los enfermeros de atención primaria a los ancianos en su domicilio. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo realizado con once enfermeros de unidades básicas de salud del municipio de Boa Vista, Roraima. La estrategia adoptada para la recogida de datos fue una entrevista semiestructurada a través de la plataforma digital. Los resultados se analizaron según Bardin. Resultados: Las unidades de registros se descodificaron en cuatro dimensiones: creación de un vínculo del enfermero con los ancianos en el domicilio, implicación de la familia y distanciamiento en la prestación de cuidados ofrecidos por los enfermeros a los ancianos en domicilio, y ancianos que viven solos en domicilio. Conclusión: Los factores que intervienen en los cuidados de los enfermos domiciliarios son: el vínculo mediado por las relaciones de confianza, la aproximación y los cambios de experiencia, actuación, colaboración, atención, adherencia, no comprensión de las pautas sanitarias, negación de los cuidados ofrecidos, distanciamiento, falta de apoyo de los familiares y ancianos que viven solos. (AU)

Effects of resistance training on muscle strength, body composition and immune-inflammatory markers in people living with HIV: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) as a unique intervention on muscle strength, body composition, and immune-inflammatory markers in people living with HIV (PLHIV).Methods: The searches were conducted in seven databases and included published randomized clinical trials that assessed the effect of RT vs. no exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and immune-inflammatory markers in PLHIV until June 2021. Random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were performed, and the effect size was estimated by Hedges' g test.Results: Seven RCTs were included (n= 258 PLHIV) and the study duration lasted between six and 24 weeks. In comparison to no exercise, RT improved muscle strength in bench press (MD 10.69 kg, 95%IC 3.44 to 17.93, p= 0.004, g =2.42) and squat (MD 22.66 kg, 95%IC 7.82 to 37.50, p= 0.003, g = 3.8) exercises, lean body mass (MD 2.96 kg, 95%CI 0.98 to 4.94, p= 0.003, g = 1.99), fat body mass(MD -2.67 kg; 95%CI -4.95 to -0.39, p= 0.02, g=-0.99), body fat percentage (MD -3.66%, 95%CI -6.04 to -1.29, p= 0.003, g=-1.99) and CD4+ cells count(MD 100.15 cells/mm3, 95%CI 12.21 to 188.08, p = 0.03, g = 2.91) in PLHIV. There was no effect of RT on IL-6 (MD -1.18 pg/mL, 95%CI -3.71 to 1.35, p = 0.36, g = 0.001) and TNF-α (MD -4.76 pg/mL, 95%CI -10.81 to 1.29, p = 0.12, g=-1.3) concentrations in PLHIV. Conclusions: RT as a unique intervention improves muscle strength, body composition and CD4+ count cells in PLHIV.

Isometric handgrip exercise training reduces resting systolic blood pressure but does not interfere with diastolic blood pressure and heart rate variability in hypertensive subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

To evaluate the effects of isometric handgrip exercise training (IHET) on blood pressure and heart rate variability in hypertensive subjects. Five databases were searched for randomized clinical trials in English, Spanish, or Portuguese evaluating the effect of IHET vs. no exercise on blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic) and/or heart rate variability (low frequency [LF], high frequency [HF], and/or LF/HF ratio) through December 2020. Random-effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MDs) and/or standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed. Five trials were selected (n = 324 hypertensive subjects), whose durations ranged from 8 to 10 weeks. Compared to no exercise, IHET reduced systolic blood pressure (MD -8.11 mmHg, 95% CI -11.7 to -4.53, p < 0.001) but did not affect diastolic blood pressure (MD -2.75 mmHg, 95% CI -9.47-3.96, p = 0.42), LF (SMD -0.14, 95% CI -0.65-0.37, p = 0.59), HF (SMD 0.38, 95% CI -0.14-0.89, p = 0.15), or the LF/HF ratio (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.95-0.52, p = 0.57). IHET performed for 8-10 weeks had a positive effect on resting systolic blood pressure but did not interfere with diastolic blood pressure or heart rate variability in hypertensive subjects. These data should be interpreted with caution since all volunteers included in the studies were clinically medicated and their blood pressure was controlled.

Effects of exercise training and statin on hemodynamic, biochemical, inflammatory and immune profile of people living with HIV: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of exercise training (ET) and statins on the hemodynamic, biochemical, inflammatory and immune profile of people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in which 83 PLHIV were assigned to either placebo (PL), statins (STA), placebo + ET (PLET), or statins + ET (STAET) groups. Volunteers assigned to STA and STAET groups were administered 10 mg of rosuvastatin, whereas the PL and PLET groups were administered a placebo. The PLET and STAET groups performed ET three times a week. Before and after the 12-week follow-up, volunteers underwent blood collection to assess the biochemical, inflammatory, and immune profile. RESULTS: There were significant time x group interaction effects (P<0.05) for all variables except for diastolic blood pressure. The PLET and STAET groups had significantly (P<0.05) decreased systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, creatine kinase, lactate, and TNF-α levels, and increased adiponectin, CD4+, and CD8+ levels. There was also a significant group effect (P<0.05) for CK levels among the exercised (PLET and STAET) and STA groups. The latter had a significant increase in fasting glucose (P<0.05) and creatine kinase (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ET improved the hemodynamic, biochemical, inflammatory, and immune profile of PLHIV and this effect was not dependent on the use of statins.

Effects of Exercise Training and Statin Use in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus with Dyslipidemia.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the combination of exercise training (ET) and statins in people living with human immunodeficiency virus. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eighty-three people living with human immunodeficiency virus were assigned to either placebo (PL), statins (STA), PL + ET (PLET) or STA + ET (STAET) groups. Volunteers assigned to STA and STAET groups were administered 10 mg of rosuvastatin, whereas the PL and PLET groups were administered a placebo. The PLET and STAET groups performed ET three times a week. Before and after the 12-wk follow-up, the volunteers underwent to anthropometric assessment and blood collection to evaluate lipid profile, cardiovascular markers, inflammatory profile; a Doppler ultrasound examination, muscle strength (MS) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) tests were performed. RESULTS: There was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-1ß and right carotid intima-media thickness in the STA, PLET, and STAET groups compared with PL group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8 levels and in left and right carotid intima-media thickness and an increase in HDL-c levels in the STAET groups compared with the STA (P ≤ 0.001) and PLET groups (P ≤ 0.001). There was an increase in IL-10 levels, peak-systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, wall shear rate in the PLET and STAET groups compared with the PL (P ≤ 0.001) and STA groups (P ≤ 0.001). The PLET and STAET groups reduced body fat mass, body fat percentage and increased lean body mass, MS and CF compared with PL (P ≤ 0.001) and STA (P ≤ 0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ET and statins is useful to enhance lipid and inflammatory profiles, reduce cardiovascular disease markers, and improve Doppler ultrasound findings, MS and CF in people living with HIV.

Tartrate-resistant phosphatase type 5 in Trypanosoma cruzi is important for resistance to oxidative stress promoted by hydrogen peroxide.

Trypanosoma cruzi (the causative agent of Chagas disease) presents a complex life cycle that involves adaptations in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. As a protozoan parasite of hematophagous insects and mammalian hosts, T. cruzi is exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS). To investigate the functionality of T. cruzi tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (TcACP5), we cloned, superexpressed and purified the enzyme. Purified TcACP5 exhibited a Vmax and apparent Km for pNPP hydrolysis of 7.7 ±â€¯0.2 nmol pNP × µg-1 × h-1 and 169.3 ±â€¯22.6 µM, respectively. The pH dependence was characterized by sharp maximal activity at pH 5.0, and inhibition assays demonstrated its sensitivity to acid phosphatase inhibitors. Similar activities were obtained with saturating concentrations of P-Ser and P-Thr as substrates. The enzyme metabolizes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in vitro, and parasites superexpressing this enzyme were more resistant to oxidative stress promoted by H2O2. Taken together, these results suggest that TcACP5 plays a central role in phosphoryl transfer and redox reactions.

Could the breed composition improve performance and change the enteric methane emissions from beef cattle in a tropical intensive production system?

Crossbreeding has been used to improve performance in beef cattle, however the effects of breed composition on methane (CH4) production, yield and intensity from cattle raised in tropical intensive and integrated systems remain unknown. To assess the impact of breed composition on performance and methane emissions, Nellore (NEL; yr 1: BW = 171.5 ± 19.4 kg; n = 10; yr 2: BW = 215.8 ± 32.3 kg, n = 25) and Angus x Nellore crossbred (AN; yr 1: BW = 214.2 ± 26.4 kg, n = 10; yr 2: BW = 242.5 ± 32.2 kg, n = 25) were compared. The animals grazed on integrated crop-livestock system in the growing phase (stocking rate 2452 kg BW/ha, herbage mass 4,884 kg dry matter (DM)/ha, forage allowance 5.9 kg DM/100kg BW) and then were finished in a feedlot. Steers (n = 8) from each breed composition were randomly selected in each phase to measure CH4 production using a sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer technique and DM intake (DMI) using titanium dioxide. Compared with NEL, AN had both superior total gain and average daily gain (ADG) in the grazing period. The AN presented greater ADG in the feedlot with a shorter finishing period and resulted in greater carcass yield and carcass ADG. Methane production (kg/period) was lower in NEL (19% less) than AN in grazing (P<0.01), and no difference was observed in feedlot. The NEL had less CH4 intensity (CH4/BW) in grazing but greater CH4 per unit of ADG in the feedlot compared to AN. Breed composition did not influence the CH4 yield (CH4/DMI) in either phase, despite the difference in feedlot DMI (kg/day). In conclusion, crossbreeding may be an option to improve performance and reduce the CH4 per ADG in tropical climate conditions, resulting in lower methane emission per kg of meat produced.

Metaphylactic effect of calcium on milk composition and animal health in post-partum dairy cows.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subcutaneous calcium administration in post-partum dairy cows with respect to carbohydrate, protein and lipids metabolism, as well as its effects on milk composition. Twenty post-partum dairy cows were randomly divided into two groups (n=10): a control and a treated group with a single dose (150 mL) of calcium. Blood collection was performed on post-partum days 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10. In addition, we measured serum levels of total calcium, total proteins, albumin, globulins, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, as well as creatine kinase (CK) activity. We determined milk composition on post-partum days 5, 10 and 20. Serum total calcium levels was higher on post-partum days 3 and 7 in the treated group. Serum urea (day 3) and triglycerides (days 7 and 10) levels were higher in the treated group, as were CK activity levels at post-partum days 2 and 3. Serum glucose and cholesterol levels were lower on post-partum day 2 in treated animals. Fat (day 20) and lactose (day 10) content in milk samples were higher than in the treated animals. We concluded that treatment with calcium in cows during the post-partum period changes biochemical variables related to metabolism.

Respostas cardiovasculares ao treino resistido com diferentes níveis de oclusão vascular / Cardiovascular responses to resistance training with different vascular oclusion levels

: O treino com oclusão vascular (OV) tem sido amplamente utilizado devido a seus benefícios. No entanto, ainda permanecem escassos os estudos em relação às respostas cardiovasculares a este tipo de treino. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as respostas hemodinâmicas e trabalho do miocárdio com diferentes níveis de oclusão vascular no exercício de extensão unilateral de joelho. Recrutamos 14 voluntários e estes foram submetidos a um protocolo de três séries de 15 repetições com 30% de uma repetição máxima no exercício de extensão unilateral de joelho com diferentes níveis de OV, sendo eles: sem oclusão (SO), oclusão parcial (OP) e oclusão total (OT). A pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e frequência cardíaca (FC) foram verificadas em repouso e ao final de cada série do protocolo. A análise de variância de duas entradas com post hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizado para verificar diferença entre os tipos de oclusão, tendo nível de significância quando p<0.05. Observou-se diferença da PAS, FC e duploproduto (DP) entre as séries e o repouso (p<0,001). Independentemente do tipo de execução, a PAS, FC e DP foram maiores na 2ª e 3ª séries comparadas à 1ª. A OP e OT proporcionaram maiores valores de PAS na 3ª série comparada à 2ª série (p= 0,036; p=0,025). Por fim, houve diferença na 3ª série entre a OT e SO (p= 0,01). O presente estudo conclui que a sobrecarga cardiovascular tem relação direta com o volume de exercício e o nível de oclusão....(AU)

Vascular occlusion (VO) training has been widely used because of its benefits. However, there are still few studies regarding cardiovascular responses to this type of training. The objective of this study was to verify hemodynamics responses and myocardial workload with different occlusion levels on unilateral knee extension exercise. We recruited 14 volunteers and were submitted to a protocol of three series of 15 repetitions with 30% of a maximal repetition in the exercise of with different levels of OV, being: no occlusion (NO), partial occlusion (PO) and total occlusion (TO). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were checked at rest and at the end of each protocol series. Bonferroni post hoc twoway analysis of variance was used to verify the difference between occlusion types, with significance level when p <0.05. A difference of SBP, HR and double-product (DP) between series and rest was observed (p<0.001). Regardless of the type of execution, SBP, HR and DP were higher in the 2nd and 3rd grades compared to the 1st. The PO and TO provided higher SBP values in the 3rd grade compared to the 2nd grade (p = 0.036, p = 0.025). Finally, there was a difference in the 3rd grade between TO and NO (p =0.01). It's concluded that the cardiovascular overload has direct relation with exercise volume and occlusion level....(AU)

Mineral supplementation stimulates the immune system and antioxidant responses of dairy cows and reduces somatic cell counts in milk.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of subcutaneous mineral supplementation would affect metabolic parameters, immunological response, milk quality and composition of dairy cows in the postpartum period. Twelve pregnant primiparous Holstein cows, were divided into two groups: six animals supplemented with the mineral complex (magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium and copper), and six animals used as controls. Milk samples were collected every two other weeks postpartum up to sixty days of lactation to analyze composition and quality. Blood samples were collected, and the levels of ketone bodies, total proteins, glucose, albumin, and globulin were measured. The catalase and superoxide enzymes, reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukins were determined. Animals supplemented with minerals showed lower levels of ketone bodies and somatic cell counts on days 30, 45 and 60 of the experiment, without changes in milk composition compared to the control group. Supplemented cows had lower levels reactive oxygen species and increased superoxide enzymes activity. Total protein, globulin and cytokine levels were higher in cows supplemented with mineral complexes. Therefore, we can conclude that subcutaneous mineral supplementation improved the immune response and minimized the oxidative stress in dairy cows during lactation.

Triad of the Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV? Association Between Risk Factors, HIV Infection, and Use of Antiretroviral Therapy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review is focused on cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-infected people. RECENT FINDINGS: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly increased the life expectancy of HIV-infected people. Thus, this population has experienced non-HIV-related diseases, mainly cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in our review, we intend to understand the cardiovascular risk factors that trigger this situation. We have demonstrated that both ART and traditional cardiovascular risk factors contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease in HIV-infected people. Thus, it becomes important to stratify the risk factors to reduce this scenario.

Secnidazole for control of giardiasis in dairy calves.

The aim of this study was to verify whether secnidazole, given in a single oral dose (10 mg/kg), decreases or eliminates the excretion of Giardia duodenalis cysts. Holstein calves were raised from birth to 15 ±â€¯2 days of age in individual stalls. Subsequently, 12 calves were grouped and housed in collective stalls. After seven days (day of life 21), we collected stool samples directly from the rectal ampulla in order to determine the degree of parasitic infection. Fecal examination was performed by a centrifugal-flotation technique, which allows for visualization and quantification of G. duodenalis cysts. After division into control and treatment groups, six animals were treated with one 400 mg secnidazole capsule. The first stool collection following treatment was performed on day 5 and the second on day 30. This experiment was repeated at 15 days, with a total of 24 calves studied. Animals on the farm where the experiment was conducted often suffer from giardiasis, despite hygiene care (disinfection) and adequate facilities. All 24 calves were excreting G. duodenalis cysts prior to starting treatment. Five days after receiving the treatment, animals in the experiment group were Giardia-negative, i.e., they did not excrete parasite cysts, whereas calves in the control group continued to excrete cysts. After 30 days of treatment, the stool of most treated animals (83.3%) remained free of G. duodenalis cysts. Therefore, we believe that secnidazole was 100% effective in eliminating the excretion of Giardia duodenalis cysts.

Isoquinoline alkaloids supplementation on performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls.

OBJECTIVE: Isoquinoline Alkaloids, derived from one plant (Macleaya cordata) can be an alternative when it is desired to increase performance in feedlot cattle. However, results on these nutritional additives in high energy diets in ruminants are still incipient in literature. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate performance and carcass traits of feedlot bulls supplemented with sanguinarine, the main alkaloid presents in Macleaya cordata in high energy density diets. METHODS: Thirty-two crossbred Angus-Nelore bulls with mean initial body weight of 365±10 kg and mean initial age of 11±3 months were used. The experiment lasted 119 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 105 experimental days. Experimental diet consisted of 85% whole corn grains and 15% protein-vitamin-mineral nucleus and supplied ad libitum. Treatments consisted of a control diet (CON) and a diet with sanguinarine supplementation (SAN) at a dosage of 4 g of product sufficient to provide 6 mg of sanguinarine/d. Experimental design was completely randomized. RESULTS: Dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed conversion were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, SAN group animals had higher carcass yield (p = 0.045) and were more efficient in the transformation of dry matter consumed in carcass gain (p = 0.046) than CON. In addition, haptoglobin, increased throughout feedlot duration meaning high challenge for the animals due to the diet, but this behavior was similar (p>0.05) between treatments. CONCLUSION: Sanguinarine produced positive results in relation to carcass yield and could be used as an additive for bulls fed diets receiving high energy density diet.