Dissolution Effect of Alteplase on Arterial Blood Clot Model of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dissolution effect of alteplase (rt-PA) on arterial blood clots of patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage in vitro and analyze the optimal concentration and action time of rt-PA for intracranial hematomas. METHODS: The arterial blood of 35 patients with confirmed hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage were collected, centrifuged, and the serum was aspirated to prepare the blood clot model. The 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mg t-PA, 20,000 U, and 40,000 U urokinase (u-PA) were taken for the corresponding blood clot for dissolution test. The blood clot volume and dissolution volume was measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min. RESULTS: Without intervention, the blood clot volume of men was higher than that of women at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min (P < 0.05). Without intervention, hematocrit (HCT) was correlated with blood clot volume and the correlation decreased with time. The 30, 60, and 90 min dissolution curves of each group showed an upward trend (P < 0.05), and the dissolution curves tended to be flat at 120 min and 150 min. The dissolution volume of.125 mg/3 ml, 0.25 mg/3 ml, 0.5 mg/3 ml rt-PA, 20,000 U, 40,000 U u-PA was higher than that of 1, 2, 3 mg/ml rt-PA (P < 0.05). The dissolution volume of.125 mg/3 ml, 0.25 mg/3 ml, 0.5 mg/3 ml rt-PA was not significantly different from 20,000 and 40,000 U u-PA (P > 0.05). Gender differences did not affect the effects of the above drugs. CONCLUSION: In vitro, low-concentration rt-PA has a better dissolution effect, and it shows a time-dependent effect, reaching the highest effect in 90 min.

Magnetically tightened form-stable phase change materials with modular assembly and geometric conformality features.

Phase change materials have attracted significant attention due to their promising applications in many fields like solar energy and chip cooling. However, they suffer leakage during the phase transition process and have relatively low thermal conductivity. Here, through introducing hard magnetic particles, we synthesize a kind of magnetically tightened form-stable phase change materials. They achieve multifunctions such as leakage-proof, dynamic assembly, and morphological reconfiguration, presenting superior high thermal (increasing of 1400-1600%) and electrical (>104 S/m) conductivity, and prominent compressive strength, respectively. Furthermore, free-standing temperature control and high-performance thermal and electric conversion systems based on these materials are developed. This work suggests an efficient way toward exploiting a smart phase change material for thermal management of electronics and low-grade waste heat utilization.

Mussel-Inspired Multifunctional Integrated Liquid Metal-Based Magnetic Suspensions with Rheological, Magnetic, Electrical, and Thermal Reinforcement.

Magnetic liquid metal is regarded as a promising material due to its integration of fluidic, metallic, and magnetic properties simultaneously. Previously, few methods of fabricating magnetic liquid metal have been proposed. However, either the alloying reaction inside the matrix or the poor performance in electrical and thermal conduction is troublesome in practical applications. Here, inspired by the mussel in nature, polydopamine is introduced to in situ reduce and immobilize silver shells on the surface of iron particles, and then the modified particles mix with liquid metal to prepare liquid metal-based magnetic suspensions (LMMSs). The silver shells can prevent iron particles from alloying with liquid metal and enhance the electrical and thermal conductivities of the LMMS concurrently. Besides, the LMMS thus obtained can keep its magnetism intact for a long period, at least during the 60 days of the test. Compared to directly mixing bare iron particles with liquid metal, the maximum electrical conductivities increase by at least 13.69% and the thermal conductivities increase by almost 4 times in the LMMS. The LMMS also exhibits potential applications in patterning and magnetic manipulation. This work puts forward a new strategy for preparing a LMMS with appealing properties and its broad applications are expected in the future.

Liquid Metal-Based Magnetorheological Fluid with a Large Magnetocaloric Effect.

Herein, liquid metal and Mn0.6Fe0.4NiGe0.54Si0.46 particles with a large magnetocaloric effect are adopted to prepare a novel magnetocaloric suspension named liquid metal-based magnetorheological fluid (LM2RF), which can well solve the problems of brittleness, low thermal conductivity, and poor machinability in classical magnetocaloric materials. The low melting point and high boiling point of liquid metal could significantly widen the operating temperature range of such a fluid. As a carrier, the high thermal conductivity, low viscosity, and large density of liquid metal display advantageous to heat transfer. The maximum loading fraction is 19.5 wt %, while LM2RF features the liquid state. A series of tests are conducted to investigate the alloying behavior in LM2RF. It is found that galinstan will react with Mn0.6Fe0.4NiGe0.54Si0.46 particles and form MnGa alloy. However, the reaction rate is very slow and the generated MnGa alloy is passivating. Consequently, the quantity of MnGa alloy is too sparse to affect the magnetocaloric performance of LM2RF. Overall, the LM2RF exhibits a large MCE at around room temperature with a lower magnetic hysteresis loss, and the transition temperature (Tm) remains constant in 60 days. This work demonstrates the outstanding performance of LM2RF and provides a promising alternative to MCE materials for practical magnetic refrigeration.

Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus stimulation reduces intestinal injury in rats with ulcerative colitis.

AIM: To investigate the effect and mechanism of stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus with glutamate acid in rats with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: The rats were anesthetized with 10% chloral hydrate via abdominal injection and treated with an equal volume of TNBS + 50% ethanol enema, injected into the upper section of the anus with the tail facing up. Colonic damage scores were calculated after injecting a certain dose of glutamic acid into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and the effect of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and vagus nerve in alleviating UC injury through chemical stimulation of the PVN was observed in rats. Expression changes of C-myc, Apaf-1, caspase-3, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-17 during the protection against UC injury through chemical stimulation of the PVN in rats were detected by Western blot. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in colon tissues of rats were measured by colorimetric methods. RESULTS: Chemical stimulation of the PVN significantly reduced UC in rats in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effects of the chemical stimulation of the PVN on rats with UC were eliminated after chemical damage to the PVN. After glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid was injected into the PVN, the protective effects of the chemical stimulation of the PVN were eliminated in rats with UC. After AVP-Vl receptor antagonist ([Deamino-penl, val4, D-Arg8]-vasopressin) was injected into NTS or bilateral chemical damage to NTS, the protective effect of the chemical stimulation of PVN on UC was also eliminated. After chemical stimulation of the PVN, SOD activity increased, MDA content decreased, C-myc protein expression significantly increased, caspase-3 and Apaf-1 protein expression significantly decreased, and IL-6 and IL-17 expression decreased in colon tissues in rats with UC. CONCLUSION: Chemical stimulation of the hypothalamic PVN provides a protective effect against UC injury in rats. Hypothalamic PVN, NTS and vagus nerve play key roles in this process.

N-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-propanamide.

In the title compound, C(12)H(13)ClF(3)NO, the C-C-N-C torsion angle between the benzene ring and the pivaloyl group is -33.9 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains running parallel to the c axis. Weak van der Waals inter-actions are also observed.