Instrumentos de avaliação multidimensional de fragilidade para uso no cuidado de idosos com doença cardiovascular / Multidimensional frailty assessment tools for use in the care of older adults with cardiovascular disease / Instrumentos de evaluación multidimensional de la fragilidad en la atención de adultos mayores con enfermedad cardiovascular

Objetivo: identificar quais os instrumentos disponíveis para avaliação multidimensional da fragilidade em idosos com doença cardiovascular, potencialmente aplicáveis durante a realização do Processo de Enfermagem. Método: revisão sistemática conduzida em oito bases de dados/portais, para identificação de estudos que apresentassem instrumentos multidimensionais de avaliação de fragilidade em idosos com doença cardiovascular e que fossem aplicáveis ao processo de enfermagem. Resultados: foram incluídos 19 instrumentos multidimensionais. O Brief Frailty Index for Coronary Artery Disease foi desenvolvido para uso no cuidado cardiovascular de idosos. O Frailty Index for Adults e o Maastricht Frailty Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients foram desenvolvidos para uso no Processo de Enfermagem. Conclusão: apesar de apenas um instrumento ter sido desenvolvido para o idosos com doença cardiovascular e apenas dois serem aplicáveis ao processo de enfermagem, a maioria deles tem potencial de adaptação e validação para uso nesta população durante a avaliação de enfermagem.

Objective: to identify which tools are available for multidimensional frailty assessment of older adult with cardiovascular disease and which are potentially applicable during the Nursing Process. Method: a systematic review conducted in eight databases/portals to identify studies that presented multidimensional frailty assessment tools for older adult with cardiovascular disease and that were applicable to the nursing process. Results: a total of 19 multidimensional tools were included. The Brief Frailty Index for Coronary Artery Disease was developed for use in the cardiovascular care of older adult. The Frailty Index for Adults and the Maastricht Frailty Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients were developed for use in the Nursing Process. Conclusion: although only one tool was developed for older adults with cardiovascular disease and only two are applicable to the nursing process, most of them have the potential to be adapted and validated for use in this population during nursing assessment.

Objetivo: identificar qué instrumentos están disponibles para la evaluación multidimensional de la fragilidad en personas mayores con enfermedad cardiovascular, que se puedan aplicar en el Proceso de Enfermería. Método: revisión sistemática realizada en ocho bases de datos/portales, para identificar estudios que presentaran instrumentos multidimensionales para la evaluación de la fragilidad en adultos mayores con enfermedad cardiovascular y que fueran aplicables al proceso de enfermería. Resultados: se incluyeron 19 instrumentos multidimensionales. El Brief Frailty Index for Coronary Artery Disease se desarrolló para usarlo en el cuidado cardiovascular de las personas mayores. El Frailty Index for Adults y la Maastricht Frailty Screening Tool for Hospitalized Patients se elaboraron para ser usados en el Proceso de Enfermería. Conclusión: aunque sólo se elaboró un instrumento para adultos mayores con enfermedad cardiovascular y sólo dos son aplicables al proceso de enfermería, la mayoría de ellos tienen el potencial para ser adaptados y validados para ser usados en esa población en la evaluación de enfermería.

Content validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21.

OBJECTIVE: to cross-culturally adapt and assess the content validity evidence of the Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 for the Brazilian context. METHOD: a psychometric study of cross-cultural adaptation, covering the stages of translation, reconciliation, back-translation, intercultural equivalence assessment and content validity evidence analysis, considering Content Validity Ratio parameters in breast cancer survivors. RESULTS: the translations were equivalent to the original version. Colloquial expressions were modified, tense, verbal adjusted, and two items containing multiple commands were separated. The final version now contains 22 items, presenting semantic, conceptual, idiomatic and experimental equivalences. The pre-test indicated good understanding and ease in the response process. CONCLUSION: the final version was defined as "Lista de verificação de sintomas cognitivos relacionados ao trabalho - 22 itens", showing good linguistic equivalence and strong evidence of content validity in the Brazilian context.

Content validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 / Evidencia de validez de contenido de la versión brasileña del Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 / Evidências de validade de conteúdo da versão brasileira do Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21

ABSTRACT Objective: to cross-culturally adapt and assess the content validity evidence of the Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 for the Brazilian context. Method: a psychometric study of cross-cultural adaptation, covering the stages of translation, reconciliation, back-translation, intercultural equivalence assessment and content validity evidence analysis, considering Content Validity Ratio parameters in breast cancer survivors. Results: the translations were equivalent to the original version. Colloquial expressions were modified, tense, verbal adjusted, and two items containing multiple commands were separated. The final version now contains 22 items, presenting semantic, conceptual, idiomatic and experimental equivalences. The pre-test indicated good understanding and ease in the response process. Conclusion: the final version was defined as "Lista de verificação de sintomas cognitivos relacionados ao trabalho - 22 itens", showing good linguistic equivalence and strong evidence of content validity in the Brazilian context.

RESUMEN Objetivo: realizar la adaptación transcultural y evaluar las evidencias de validez de contenido del Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 para el contexto brasileño. Método: estudio psicométrico de adaptación transcultural, abarcando las etapas de traducción, reconciliación, retrotraducción, evaluación de equivalencia intercultural y análisis de evidencias de validez de contenido, considerando parámetros de Content Validity Ratio en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama. Resultados: las traducciones fueron equivalentes a la versión original. Se modificaron las expresiones coloquiales, se tensaron, se ajustaron las verbales y se separaron dos ítems que contenían múltiples comandos. La versión final ahora contiene 22 ítems, presentando equivalencia semántica, conceptual, idiomática y experimental. El pre-test indicó buena comprensión y facilidad en el proceso de respuesta. Conclusión: la versión final fue definida como "Lista de verificação de sintomas cognitivos relacionados ao trabalho - 22 itens", mostrando buena equivalencia lingüística y fuerte evidencia de validez de contenido en el contexto brasileño.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar as evidências de validade de conteúdo do Cognitive Symptom Checklist-Work-21 para o contexto brasileiro. Método: estudo psicométrico de adaptação transcultural, abrangendo as etapas de tradução, reconciliação, retrotradução, avaliação de equivalência intercultural e análise das evidências de validade de conteúdo, considerando parâmetros de Content Validy Ratio em sobreviventes de câncer de mama. Resultados: as traduções demonstraram equivalência à versão original. Expressões coloquiais foram modificadas, o tempo verbal ajustado, e dois itens contendo múltiplos comandos foram separados. A versão final passou a conter 22 itens, apresentando equivalências semântica, conceitual, idiomática e experimental. Os valores de CVR mantiveram-se acima de 0,87. O pré-teste indicou boa compreensão e facilidade no processo de resposta. Conclusão: a versão final foi definida como "Lista de verificação de sintomas cognitivos relacionados ao trabalho - 22 itens", apresentando boa equivalência linguística e fortes evidências de validade de conteúdo no contexto brasileiro.

Validade do Índice de Katz para avaliar a dependência em pacientes em tratamento oncológico / Validez del Índice de Katz para evaluar la dependencia de pacientes en tratamiento oncológico / Validity of Katz Index to assess dependency in patients on oncology treatment

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a validade de constructo do Índice de Katz para pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer. Método Estudo psicométrico realizado para avaliar as evidências da validade da versão brasileira do Índice de Katz em pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer. Estudo realizado com 691 pacientes hospitalizados entre abril e junho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados por análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. A confiabilidade foi avaliada pelo alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald. Resultado Os participantes eram em sua maioria mulheres (72,6%), média de idade de 53,7±13,28 anos; 55,3% dos pacientes relataram não precisar de cuidador, e 56,6% não tinham cuidador. Dos 42,5% que precisavam de ajuda, o cuidador predominante foi um familiar (39,6%). A análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória evidenciou que o Índice de Katz é um instrumento unidimensional, válido e confiável para avaliar a dependência nesta população, com boa variância e sem evidência de multicolinearidade ou necessidade de revisão (KMO=0,89437; teste de Bartlett x2 =3337,2 p<0,001; UNICO=0,999, EC=0,974; MIREAL=0,122). O Índice de Katz explica 97,72% do fenômeno e os resultados indicam bom ajuste do modelo, nível aceitável de resíduos e boa confiabilidade (G-H=0,986; α-Cronbach=0,970560; Ω-McDonald=0,971787) para avaliar a independência para atividades de vida diária básicas em pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer. Conclusão A versão brasileira do Índice de Katz apresenta excelentes evidências da validade de constructo e confiabilidade, podendo ser utilizada como instrumento clínico para avaliar a dependência de pacientes em tratamento oncológico.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la validez de constructo del Índice de Katz para pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer. Método Estudio psicométrico realizado para evaluar las evidencias de la validez de la versión brasileña del Índice de Katz de pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer. Estudio realizado con 691 pacientes hospitalizados entre abril y junio de 2016. Los datos fueron analizados por análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. La fiabilidad fue evaluada por el alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Resultado Los participantes eran en su mayoría mujeres (72,6 %), edad promedio de 53,7±13,28 años; el 55,3 % de los pacientes relató que no necesitaba cuidador, y el 56,6 % no tenía cuidador. Del 42,5 % que necesitaba ayuda, el cuidador predominante fue un familiar (39,6 %). El análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio evidenció que el Índice de Katz es un instrumento unidimensional, válido y confiable para evaluar la dependencia de esta población, con una buena varianza y sin evidencia de multicolinealidad ni necesidad de revisión (KMO=0,89437; prueba de Bartlett x2 =3337,2 p<0,001; UNICO=0,999, EC=0,974; MIREAL=0,122). El Índice de Katz explica el 97,72 % del fenómeno y los resultados indican una buena adaptación del modelo, un nivel aceptable de residuos y buena fiabilidad (G-H=0,986; α-Cronbach=0,970560; Ω-McDonald=0,971787) para evaluar la independencia de AVD básicas en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer. Conclusión La versión brasileña del Índice de Katz presenta excelentes evidencias de la validez de constructo y fiabilidad, por lo que puede ser utilizada como instrumento clínico para evaluar la dependencia de pacientes en tratamiento oncológico.

Abstract Objective To analyze construct validity of the Katz Index for patients with cancer diagnoses. Methods Psychometric study, performed to evaluate evidences of validity of the Brazilian version of the Katz Index in patients with cancer diagnoses. The study was conducted in 691 hospitalized patients between April and June 2016. Data was analyzed by Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Ômega. Results Participants were mostly women (72.6%), with a mean age of 53.7±13.28 years; 55.3% reported that they did not need caregivers, and 56.6% did not have caregivers. Of the 42.5% who need help, predominant caregiver was a relative (39.6%). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis evidenced that Katz Index is a unidimensional instrument, valid and reliable to assess dependency in this population, with a good variance and no evidence of multicollinearity or need of revision (KMO=0.89437; x2 Bartlett=3337.2 p<0.001; UNICO=0.999, EC=0.974; MIREAL=0.122). Katz Index explains 97.72% of the phenomenon and results indicate good adjustment of the model, acceptable level of residuals and good reliability (G-H=0.986; α-Cronbach=0.970560; Ω-McDonald=0.971787) to assess independence to basic activity daily living in patients with cancer diagnoses. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the Katz Index presents excellent evidences of construct validity and reliability in its Brazilian version, and may be used as a clinical instrument to assess dependency of patients on oncology treatment.

Low-volume reduced bowel preparation regimen for CT colonography: a randomized noninferiority trial.

PURPOSE: To determine whether the quality of a low-volume reduced bowel preparation (LV-RBP) for CT Colonography (CTC) is noninferior to full-volume reduced bowel preparation (FV-RBP) regimen. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, consecutive participants referred for CTC were randomly assigned to receive LV-RBP (52.5 g of PMF104 in 500 mL of water) or FV-RBP (105 g of PMF104 in 1000 mL of water). Images were independently reviewed by five blinded readers who rated the quality of bowel preparation from 0 (best score) to 3 (worst score). The primary outcome was the noninferiority of LV-RBP to FV-RBP in the proportion of colonic segments scored 0 for cleansing quality, with noninferiority margin of 10%. Volume of residual fluids, colonic distension, lesions and polyps detection rates and patient tolerability were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: From March 2019 to January 2020, 110 participants (mean age 65 years ± 14 [standard deviation]; 74 women) were allocated to LV-RBP (n = 55) or FV-RBP (n = 55) arms. There were 92% segment scored 0 in colon cleansing quality in LV-RBP and 94% in FV-RBP for prone scans, and 94% vs 92% for supine scans. Risk difference was - 2.1 (95% CI -5.9 to 1.7) and 1.5 (95% CI -2.4 to 5.4) for prone and supine positions, respectively. Residual fluids and colonic distension were also noninferior in LV-RBP. LV-RBP was associated with a lower number of evacuations during preparation (7 ± 5 vs 10 ± 6, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The LV-RBP for CTC demonstrated noninferior quality of colon cleansing with improved gastrointestinal tolerability compared to FV-RBP regimen.

[Heart failure as a predictor of functional dependence in hospitalized elderly]. / Insuficiência cardíaca como preditor de dependência funcional em idosos hospitalizados.

OBJECTIVE: Identify whether Heart Failure (HF) is a predictor of functional dependence for Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) in hospitalized elderly. METHODS: We investigated medical records and assessed dependence to BADL (by the Katz Index) of 100 elderly admitted to a geriatric ward of a university hospital. In order to verify if HF is a predictor of functional dependence, linear regression analyzes were performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of HF was 21%; 95% of them were dependent for BADLs. Bathing was the most committed ADL. HF is a predictor of dependence in hospitalized elderlies, increasing the chance of functional decline by 5 times (95% CI, 0.94-94.48), the chance of functional deterioration by 3.5 times (95% CI, 1.28-11.66; p <0.02) and reducing 0.79 points in the Katz Index score (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: HF is a dependency predictor of ADL in hospitalized elderly, who tend to be more dependent, especially for bathing.

Heart failure as a predictor of functional dependence in hospitalized elderly / Insuficiencia cardiaca como pronosticador de dependencia funcional en ancianos hospitalizados / Insuficiência cardíaca como preditor de dependência funcional em idosos hospitalizados

AbstractOBJECTIVEIdentify whether Heart Failure (HF) is a predictor of functional dependence for Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) in hospitalized elderly.METHODSWe investigated medical records and assessed dependence to BADL (by the Katz Index) of 100 elderly admitted to a geriatric ward of a university hospital. In order to verify if HF is a predictor of functional dependence, linear regression analyzes were performed.RESULTSThe prevalence of HF was 21%; 95% of them were dependent for BADLs. Bathing was the most committed ADL. HF is a predictor of dependence in hospitalized elderlies, increasing the chance of functional decline by 5 times (95% CI, 0.94-94.48), the chance of functional deterioration by 3.5 times (95% CI, 1.28-11.66; p <0.02) and reducing 0.79 points in the Katz Index score (p <0.05).CONCLUSIONHF is a dependency predictor of ADL in hospitalized elderly, who tend to be more dependent, especially for bathing.

ResumenOBJETIVOIdentificar si la Insuficiencia Cardiaca (IC) es un pronosticador de dependencia funcional para las Actividades Básicas de Vida Diaria (AbVD) en ancianos hospitalizados.MÉTODOEstudio epidemiológico, observacional en corte transversal. Fueron analizadas las fichas y hecha la evaluación funcional mediante el Índice de Katz de 100 ancianos en una enfermería geriátrica de un hospital universitario. Para verificar si la IC es un pronosticador de dependencia funcional, se hicieron análisis de regresión lineal.RESULTADOSLa prevalencia de IC fue del 21%, siendo que el 95% de estos eran dependientes para las AbVDs. El baño fue la AbVD más comprometida. La IC aumenta 5 veces la probabilidad de pérdida funcional (IC 95% 0,94-94,48) y 3,5 veces la probabilidad de empeoramiento funcional (IC95% 1,28-11,66; p < 0,02); y reduce en 0,79 puntos el puntaje del Índice de Katz (p < 0,05).CONCLUSIÓNLa IC es un pronosticador de dependencia para AbVDs en ancianos hospitalizados, quienes tienden a ser más dependientes, especialmente para bañarse.

ResumoOBJETIVOIdentificar se a Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) é um preditor de dependência funcional para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (AbVD) em idosos hospitalizados.MÉTODOEstudo epidemiológico, observacional em corte transversal. Foram analisados os prontuários e feita avaliação funcional através do Índice de Katz de 100 idosos em uma enfermaria geriátrica de um hospital universitário. Para verificar se a IC é um preditor de dependência funcional, foram feitas análises de regressão linear.RESULTADOSA prevalência de IC foi de 21%, sendo que 95% destes, eram dependentes para as AbVDs. Banho foi a AbVD mais comprometida. A IC aumenta em 5 vezes a chance de perda funcional (IC 95% 0,94-94,48), em 3,5 vezes a chance de piora funcional (IC95% 1,28-11,66; p < 0,02) e reduz em 0,79 pontos o escore do Índice de Katz (p < 0,05).CONCLUSÃOA IC é um preditor de dependência para AbVDs em idosos hospitalizados, que tendem a ser mais dependentes, principalmente para o banho.

Intervenções de enfermagem prescritas para idosos hospitalizados segundo grau de dependência para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária / Nursing Interventions prescribed for hospitalized elderlies according to the level of dependence in activities of daily living

Objetivando identificar as intervenções de enfermagem mais prescritas para idosos hospitalizados, de acordo com seu nível de dependência para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (ABVDs), foram analisados 51 idosos admitidos em uma enfermaria geriátrica de um hospital de grande porte da cidade de São Paulo, após consentimento informado. Observou-se que 51% dos indivíduos apresentava dependência grave, e as intervenções significativamente mais prescritas estavam relacionadas com a mobilidade, banho e segurança do paciente.

In order to identify the nursing interventions most prescribed for hospitalized elderly, according to their level of dependence for Activity of Daily Living (ADL), we analyzed 51 elderlies admitted to a geriatric ward belonging to a large hospital in São Paulo, after informed consent. It was observed that 51% of subjects had severe dependence and the most significantly prescribed interventions were related to mobility, bathing and safety of the patient.

Intervenções de enfermagem prescritaspara idosos hospitalizados segundo grau de dependência para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária / Nursing Interventions prescribed for hospitalized elderlies according to the level of dependence in activities of daily living

Objetivando identificar as intervenções de enfermagem mais prescritas para idosos hospitalizados, de acordo com seu nível de dependência para as Atividades Básicas de Vida Diária (ABVDs), foram analisados 51 idosos admitidos em uma enfermaria geriátrica de um hospital de grande porte da cidade de São Paulo, após consentimento informado. Observou-se que 51% dos indivíduos apresentava dependência grave, e as intervenções significativamente mais prescritas estavam relacionadas com a mobilidade, banho e segurança do paciente.(AU)

In order to identify the nursing interventions most prescribed for hospitalized elderly, according to their level of dependence for Activity of Daily Living (ADL), we analyzed 51 elderlies admitted to a geriatric ward belonging to a large hospital in São Paulo, after informed consent. It was observed that 51% of subjects had severe dependence and the most significantly prescribed interventions were related to mobility, bathing and safety of the patient.(AU)

High concentration (400 mgI/mL) versus low concentration (320 mgI/mL) iodinated contrast media in multi detector computed tomography of the liver: a randomized, single centre, non-inferiority study.

OBJECTIVES: To compare vascular and parenchymal contrast enhancement in multidetector computed tomography of the liver using two contrast media with different iodine concentration (Iodixanol 320 mgI/mL and Iomeprol 400 mgI/mL) and similar viscosity, using fixed total iodine volume (40 gI) and iodine delivery rate (1.6 gI/s). METHODS: 110 patients were prospectively randomized into two groups. Group A received 125 mL of Iodixanol 320 and group B 100 mL of Iomeprol 400. Attenuation values were measured at the level of the aorta, portal vein and liver parenchyma on unenhanced, arterial, portal and equilibrium phases. A non inferiority test was performed on the differences between the two groups. An independent reader evaluated image quality. RESULTS: The equivalence of the two CM was demonstrated in all measurements. Higher, but not statistically significant, attenuation values were obtained with Iomeprol 400 in the aorta during the arterial phase (305.3 HU versus 288.4 HU; P=0.32) and with Iodixanol 320 in the liver parenchyma, during both portal (59.8 HU versus 65.5 HU; P=0.78) and equilibrium (40.4 HU versus 41.8 HU; P=0.55) phases. CONCLUSIONS: Iodixanol 320 and Iomeprol 400 injected at the same iodine delivery rate (1.6 gI/s) and total iodine load (40 gI) did not provide statistically significant differences in liver parenchymal and vascular contrast enhancement.

The optimal contrast media policy in CT of the liver. Part II: Clinical protocols.

The advent of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) revolutionized abdominal imaging. In particular, the definitive assessment of CT injection protocols, for the evaluation of the liver parenchyma, is still a critical issue for radiologists. Over the last years, this feature encouraged several authors to address their efforts to find the most accurate delay between the contrast medium injection and the effective scan-start, for the identification and characterization of liver lesions. Technological developments of the present century such as number of slices, submillimetric collimation, and the use of multiple dynamic post-contrast phases per single examination, may all contribute to increase the radiation exposure of single patients. The aim of this review is to propose liver imaging protocols, taking into consideration different clinical needs such as patients with chronic liver disease, healthy patients with focal liver lesion, and oncological patients to minimize radiation exposure. Finally, two recent innovations in MDCT which illustrate the potential application of multi-energy computed tomography (MECT) and perfusion computed tomography (CTp) when evaluating liver parenchyma will be discussed in a short closing paragraph.

The optimal contrast media policy in CT of the liver. Part I: Technical notes.

Latest developments of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), which is today considered a real volumetric technique, have revolutionized abdominal imaging. Technological improvements such as higher spatial resolution, larger volume coverage and higher temporal resolution, have reduced scan times allowing CT studies of the abdomen within a single breath-hold. Furthermore, the increased number of slices, the submillimetric collimation, and the use of multiple dynamic post-contrast phases per single examination, may all contribute to increase the radiation exposure of single patients. The aim of this review is to discuss different parameters affecting contrast media enhancement, as vascular enhancement, parenchymal enhancement and timing, in order to minimize the amount of contrast medium injected and the radiation exposure.

Adult celiac disease: MRI findings.

The purpose of our report is to describe a spectrum of findings of celiac disease at MR enterography. MR enterography is a non-invasive, feasible, and reproducible imaging technique for the evaluation of small bowel. Findings on MR enterography, similar to those of conventional barium studies, may suggest a diagnosis of celiac disease.