Relation between sleep disorders and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Sleep problems have a high recurrence in children and adolescents with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD) experience high rates of sleep problems. OBJECTIVE: Understand the relationship between sleep disorders and ADHD symptoms. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A systematic review was performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Lilacs, and Psychology Database (ProQuest) systems. The quality of each article was assessed using a 5-criteria checklist, measuring relevant dimensions. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The review analyzed fifteen articles, were included that raised the realizations among sleep problems in the population of children with ADHD, obtaining a total of 1645 children and adolescents with ADHD that were compared with typical development groups. The articles selected for this systematic review of observational design have a high quality. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Children and adolescents with ADHD have sleep problems, which may exacerbate or be the cause of the ADHD clinic, affecting the quality of life of children and their families. Early inquiry and a timely approach can contribute to reducing the severity of ADHD symptoms.

What Competencies Does a Community Occupational Therapist Need in Neurorehabilitation? Qualitative Perspectives.

More than three million people in Chile suffer from neurological conditions, and many of these become permanent users of health services with a community approach. In this way, disciplinary competencies in this area are relevant. We seek to characterize the competencies for community occupational therapy intervention in neurorehabilitation. Using a qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with eighteen professionals and were analyzed using content analysis. The main results are associated with the competencies of knowledge associated with theoretical biomedical and community elements. Skills range from health evaluation and intervention on micro- and macrosocial levels. Attitude is also an important skill, stemming from personal and relational spheres. These findings suggest that interventions are essentially on a personal and microsocial level, focusing first on pathology and treatment, and later comprehending the interactions with a patient's close social environment, such as family, schoolmates, and workmates and their physical environment at home, school, and the workplace. Although the final objective of community intervention is present in the discourse as being able to generate structural changes that favor well-being and social inclusion, concrete competencies are not appreciated on a macrosocial level.