RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is an important cause of pneumonia mortality in young children. However, clinical data for fatal RSV infection are scarce. We aimed to identify clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years with RSV-related mortality using individual patient data. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, we developed an online questionnaire to obtain individual patient data for clinical and socioeconomic characteristics of children aged younger than 5 years who died with community-acquired RSV infection between Jan 1, 1995, and Oct 31, 2015, through leading research groups for child pneumonia identified through a comprehensive literature search and existing research networks. For the literature search, we searched PubMed for articles published up to Feb 3, 2015, using the key terms "RSV", "respiratory syncytial virus", or "respiratory syncytial viral" combined with "mortality", "fatality", "death", "died", "deaths", or "CFR" for articles published in English. We invited researchers and clinicians identified to participate between Nov 1, 2014, and Oct 31, 2015. We calculated descriptive statistics for all variables. FINDINGS: We studied 358 children with RSV-related in-hospital death from 23 countries across the world, with data contributed from 31 research groups. 117 (33%) children were from low-income or lower middle-income countries, 77 (22%) were from upper middle-income countries, and 164 (46%) were from high-income countries. 190 (53%) were male. Data for comorbidities were missing for some children in low-income and middle-income countries. Available data showed that comorbidities were present in at least 33 (28%) children from low-income or lower middle-income countries, 36 (47%) from upper middle-income countries, and 114 (70%) from high-income countries. Median age for RSV-related deaths was 5·0 months (IQR 2·3-11·0) in low-income or lower middle-income countries, 4·0 years (2·0-10·0) in upper middle-income countries, and 7·0 years (3·6-16·8) in high-income countries. INTERPRETATION: This study is the first large case series of children who died with community-acquired RSV infection. A substantial proportion of children with RSV-related death had comorbidities. Our results show that perinatal immunisation strategies for children aged younger than 6 months could have a substantial impact on RSV-related child mortality in low-income and middle-income countries. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Asunto(s)
Salud Global/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/mortalidad , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Introducción. En la Argentina, la pandemia de Influenza A pH1N1 de 2009 provocó cerca de 10 000 casos confirmados con alto impacto en pediatría. Objetivos. Describir las características clínico epidemiológicas y analizar los factores de riesgo de letalidad en niños hospitalizados con infección confirmada por pH1N1. Población y métodos. Se identificaron todas las fichas de casos sospechosos (según Ministerio de Salud) internados en 34 centros y se incluyeron todos los casos confirmados de 0-18 años desde el 1/4/09 al 31/8/09 en un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. El diagnóstico viral se confirmó por método RT-PCR. Los datos se expresaron en porcentajes, media, mediana, desvío estándar e intervalo intercuartilo (IIC) según correspondiera; y como medida de asociación, Riesgo Relativo (RR), con Intervalo de Confianza 95% (IC95%). Se realizó regresión logística múltiple para determinar los predictores independientes. Resultados. Número total de casos sospechosos: 2367; se realizó PCR al 47,8% (n: 1131) siendo positivos para pH1N1 65,5% (n: 741/1131); 57,2% varones; 61,5% <24 meses, mediana de edad: 14 meses (IIC 6-46 meses); 45,1% con enfermedad subyacente; formas clínicas de presentación más frecuentes: neumonía 39,7% y bronquiolitis 25,8%; letalidad: 5,9% (44/741). Factores de riesgo de letalidad [RR (IC95%)]: enfermedad neurológica [5,00 (2,84-8,81)], enfermedad genética [3,67 (1,58-8,52)], desnutrición [3,07 (1,46-6,48)] y prematurez [2,28 (1,14-4,56)]. Predictor independiente de letalidad: enfermedad neurológica [3,84 (1,81-8,14)]. No se observó asociación significativa entre edad, enfermedad respiratoria crónica, inmunosupresión y coinfección viral con la letalidad. Conclusiones. Casi la mitad de los niños con infección por pH1N1 tenía enfermedad subyacente; la enfermedad neurológica fue un predictor independiente de letalidad.
Introduction. In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics. Objectives. To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infection pH1N1 confirmed by PCR Population and methods. We identified all suspected cases (according to Ministry of health) in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expres sed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors. Results. Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) being positive for pH1N1 65.5% (n: 741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5% <24 months, median age: 14 months (IQR 6-46 months); 45.1% with underlying disease; more frequent clinical pictures were: pneumonia (39,7%) and bronchiolitis 25.8%; Case-fatality rate: 5.9% (44/741). Mortality risk factors were [RR (95%CI)]: neurological disease [5.00 (2.84-8.81)], genetic disease [3.67 (1.58-8.52)], malnutrition [3,07 (1.46-6.48)] and prematurity [2.28 (1.14-4.56)]. Independent mortality predictor: neurological disease [3.84(1.81-8.14)]. No significant association between age, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression and viral co-infection with lethality was observed. Conclusions. Almost half of children with pH1N1 infection had underlying disease; the neurological condition was a separate CFR predictor.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics. OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infection pH1N1 confirmed by PCR. POPULATION AND METHODS: We identifed all suspected cases (according to Ministry of health) in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expressed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors. RESULTS: Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) being positive for pH1N1 65.5% (n: 741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5% <24 months, median age: 14 months (IQR 6-46 months); 45.1% with underlying disease; more frequent clinical pictures were: pneumonia (39,7%) and bronchiolitis 25.8%; Case-fatality rate: 5.9% (44/741). Mortality risk factors were [RR (95%CI)]: neurological disease [5.00 (2.84-8.81)], genetic disease [3.67 (1.58-8.52)], malnutrition [3,07 (1.46-6.48)] and prematurity [2.28 (1.14-4.56)]. Independent mortality predictor: neurological disease [3.84 (1.81-8.14)]. No significant association between age, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression and viral co-infection with lethality was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of children with pH1N1 infection had underlying disease; the neurological condition was a separate CFR predictor.
Asunto(s)
Subtipo H1N1 del Virus de la Influenza A , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Pandemias , Adolescente , Argentina , Niño , Niño Hospitalizado , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Gripe Humana/mortalidad , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Introducción. En la Argentina, la pandemia de InfluenzaA pH1N1 de 2009 provocó cerca de 10 000 casos confirmados con alto impacto en pediatría. Objetivos. Describir las características clínico epidemiológicas y analizar los factores de riesgo de letalidad en niños hospitalizados con infección confirmada por pH1N1.Población y métodos. Se identificaron todas las fichas de casos sospechosos (según Ministerio de Salud) internados en 34 centros y se incluyeron todos los casos confirmados de 0-18 años desde el 1/4/09 al 31/8/09 en un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo. El diagnóstico viral se confirmó por método RT-PCR. Los datos se expresaron en porcentajes, media, mediana, desvío estándare intervalo intercuartilo (IIC) según correspondiera; y como medida de asociación, Riesgo Relativo (RR), con Intervalo de Confianza 95 por ciento(IC95 por ciento). Se realizó regresión logística múltiple para determinar los predictores independientes. Resultados. Número total de casos sospechosos: 2367; se realizó PCR al 47,8 por ciento (n: 1131) siendo positivos para pH1N1 65,5 por ciento (n: 741/1131); 57,2 por cientovarones; 61,5 por ciento <24 meses, mediana de edad: 14 meses (IIC 6-46 meses); 45,1 por ciento con enfermedad subyacente; formas clínicas de presentación más frecuentes: neumonía 39,7 por ciento y bronquiolitis 25,8 por ciento; letalidad: 5,9 por ciento (44/741).Factores de riesgo de letalidad [RR (IC95 por ciento)]: enfermedad neurológica [5,00 (2,84-8,81)], enfermedad genética [3,67 (1,58-8,52)], desnutrición [3,07 (1,46-6,48)] y prematurez [2,28 (1,14-4,56)]. Predictor independiente de letalidad: enfermedad neurológica [3,84 (1,81-8,14)]. No se observó asociación significativa entre edad,enfermedad respiratoria crónica, inmunosupresión y coinfección viral con la letalidad. Conclusiones. Casi la mitad de los niños con infección por pH1N1 tenía enfermedad subyacente; la enfermedad neurológica fue un predictor independiente de letalidad.
Introduction. In Argentina, pandemic influenza pH1N1 caused nearly 10,000 confirmed cases with high impact in pediatrics. Objectives. To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics and analyse the risk factor of lethality in children hospitalized with infectionpH1N1 confirmed by PCR Population and methods. We identified all suspectedcases (according to Ministry of health)in 34 centers and we included all the confirmed cases of 0-18 years from 1/4/09 to 31/8/09 in a retrospective cohort study. The viral diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR method. Data are expressed in percentages, average, median, standard deviation, and range (IQR) as appropriate; and as a measure of association, relative risk (RR), with 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Multiple logistic regression was conducted to determine the independent risk predictors. Results. Total number of suspected cases were: 2367; PCR was performed to 47.8% (n: 1131) beingpositive for pH1N1 65.5% (n:741/1131); 57.2% males; 61.5% <24 months, median age: 14 months(IQR 6-46 months); 45.1% with underlying disease; more frequent clinical pictures were: pneumonia (39,7%) and bronchiolitis 25.8%; Case-fatality rate: 5.9% (44/741). Mortality risk factors were [RR (95%CI)]: neurological disease [5.00 (2.84-8.81)], genetic disease [3.67 (1.58-8.52)], malnutrition [3,07 (1.46-6.48)] and prematurity [2.28 (1.14-4.56)]. Independent mortality predictor:neurological disease [3.84 (1.81-8.14)].No significant association between age, chronic respiratory disease, immunosuppression and viral co-infection with lethality was observed.Conclusions. Almost half of children with pH1N1 infection had underlying disease; the neurological condition was a separate CFR predictor.
