Estomatitis Urémica como Complicación Oral de Insuficiencia Renal Crónica: Reporte de Caso y Revisión de la Literatura / Uremic Stomatitis as an Oral Complication of Chronic Renal Failure: Case Report and Literature Review

RESUMEN: La Estomatitis Urémica es una lesión oral poco frecuente que se presenta generalmente en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica avanzada o no tratada. A continuación, se reporta un caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 22 años de edad que acude a un servicio de urgencia con la presencia de placas blanquecinas indoloras en piso de boca, cara interna de mejilla, y lengua. Las probables causas, presentaciones clínicas, y manejo odontológico son discutidos.

ABSTRACT: Uremic stomatitis is a rare oral lesion that usually occurs in patients with advanced or untreated chronic renal failure. Here we report a case of a 22-year-old male patient who comes to an emergency department with the presence of painless whitish plaques on the floor of the mouth, internal cheek face, and tongue. Probable causes, clinical presentations, and dental management are discussed.

Compostos fenólicos da casca de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart. ) Mattos e efeitos do extrato aquoso no perfil lipídico, glicêmico e na lipoperoxidação em ratos diabéticos / Phenolic compounds from Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart. ) Mattos bark and effects of aqueous extract on lipid profile, glucose, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats

RESUMO A preocupação com o tratamento do Diabetes mellitus (DM) leva a uma crescente busca por terapias alternativas, como o uso de plantas medicinais, entre as quais, destaca-se o uso de Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart.) Mattos (popular Ipê roxo). Neste estudo realizamos a investigação química da presença de compostos fenólicos em H. heptaphyllus e o efeito do tratamento com o extrato aquoso da casca desta planta em parâmetros bioquímicos e nos níveis de lipoperoxidação tecidual e plasmática em animais diabéticos. Metodologia: Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos ao desenvolvimento do quadro de DM por meio da administração intraperitoneal (IP) de Aloxano monohidrato (150 mg/Kg IP). Após a confirmação de hiperglicemia (>200 mg dL-1), os animais foram distribuídos nos grupos Diabético (D; n=6) e Diabético Tratado (DT; n=6). O tratamento consistiu na administração diária do extrato aquoso da casca de H. heptaphyllus via oral (v.o.) (150mg/Kg v.o.) por quatro semanas. O extrato aquoso foi analisado qualitativamente por cromatografia de camada delgada. Resultados: A análise qualitativa do extrato aquoso da casca indicou a presença de compostos fenólicos da subclasse flavonoides. O tratamento com o extrato aquoso reduziu a glicemia de jejum a partir da 3ª semana de tratamento, melhorou a resposta glicêmica à sobrecarga de glicose, diminuiu os níveis de triglicerídeos e índice LDL (Triglicerídeos/HDL). Estes resultados sugerem o uso terapêutico do extrato aquoso das cascas de H. heptaphyllus no tratamento do DM.

ABSTRACT Alternative medicine for diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment represents a growing research area on the use of medicinal plants, of which Handroanthus heptaphyllus (mart.) Mattos (popularly known as purple ipe) is most prominent. In this study, we investigated the presence of phenolic compounds and the effects of treatment with aqueous extract of in H. heptaphyllus in biochemical profile in plasma and the levels of lipid peroxidation in tissues and plasma in diabetic animals. Male Wistar rats were induced to develop DM through intraperitoneal (IP) administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg IP). Once hyperglycemia (>200 mg dL-1) was confirmed, the animals were divided into the Diabetic (D; n=6) and Treated Diabetic (TD; n=6) groups. The TD group received daily administration (150 mg/kg v.o.) of aqueous extract of H. heptaphyllus for four weeks. The aqueous extract was also analyzed qualitatively by layer chromatography. Qualitative analysis of the aqueous extract of the bark indicated the presence of phenolic compounds from the flavonoid subclass. The treatment with the aqueous extract reduced fasting blood glucose levels from the third week of treatment on, improved the glycemic response to the glucose tolerance test, and lowered the levels of triglycerides and the LDL index (triglycerides/HDL). These findings suggest therapeutic use of the aqueous extract of H. heptaphyllus bark in treating DM.

Eyelid aging: pathophysiology and clinical management.

Life expectancy is increasing in most countries. With increasing age, many individuals may develop involutional ophthalmic diseases, such as eyelid aging. Dermatochalasis, ptosis, ectropion, and entropion are common disorders in middle-aged and older adults. This review outlines the pathophysiology and clinical management of these involutional eyelid disorders. Recently, a decrease in elastic fibers with ultrastructural abnormalities and an overexpression of elastin-degrading enzymes have been demonstrated in involutional ectropion and entropion. This may be the consequence of local ischemia, inflammation, and/or chronic mechanical stress. Eyelid aging with progressive loss of tone and laxity may affect the ocular surface and adnexal tissues, resulting in different clinical symptoms and signs. Surgical management depends on the appropriate correction of the underlying anatomical defect.

Eyelid aging: pathophysiology and clinical management / Envelhecimento palpebral: fisiopatologia e considerações clínicas

ABSTRACTLife expectancy is increasing in most countries. With increasing age, many individuals may develop involutional ophthalmic diseases, such as eyelid aging. Dermatochalasis, ptosis, ectropion, and entropion are common disorders in middle-aged and older adults. This review outlines the pathophysiology and clinical management of these involutional eyelid disorders. Recently, a decrease in elastic fibers with ultrastructural abnormalities and an overexpression of elastin-degrading enzymes have been demonstrated in involutional ectropion and entropion. This may be the consequence of local ischemia, inflammation, and/or chronic mechanical stress. Eyelid aging with progressive loss of tone and laxity may affect the ocular surface and adnexal tissues, resulting in different clinical symptoms and signs. Surgical management depends on the appropriate correction of the underlying anatomical defect.

RESUMOA expectativa de vida está aumentando na maioria dos países. Com o envelhecimento, muitos indivíduos desenvolverão doenças oculares crônicas e involucionais, tais como o envelhecimento palpebral. Dermatocálase, ptose, ectrópio e entrópio são doenças frequentes em adultos e idosos. Esta revisão destaca a fisiopatologia e a clínica de doenças palpebrais involucionais. Recentemente, uma diminuição de fibras elásticas com anormalidades ultraestruturais e um aumento de enzimas degradantes de elastina foram demonstrados em ectrópio e entrópio involucionais. Isto pode ser consequência de isquemia local, inflamação e/ou estresse mecânico crônico. O envelhecimento palpebral com perda progressiva de tônus e flacidez pode afetar a superfície ocular e os anexos oculares, resultando em sinais e sintomas clínicos diferentes. O tratamento cirúrgico depende da correção apropriada do defeito anatômico subjacente.

Efeito tóxico dos praguicidas maneb e paraquat sobre a atividade da enzima antioxidante catalase em ratos / Toxic effect of pesticides maneb and paraquat on catalase antioxidant enzyme activity in rats

Os radicais livres estão envolvidos em um grande número de enfermidades do ser humano.O cérebro tem níveis baixos de enzimas antioxidantes e um conteúdo lípidico elevado, tornando-se muito susceptível ao ataque de espécies reativas de oxigênio.Neste trabalho avaliou-se a lipoperoxidação em hipocampo e a atividade da enzima catalase em estriado e hipocampo de ratos tratados com o fungicida maneb (30 mg/kg) e o herbicida paraquat (10 mg/kg).Não houve alteração na lipoperoxidação nem na atividade enzimática no hipocampo dos animais tratados com ambos os praguicidas, porém foi observada uma inibição da catalase no estriado dos ratos tratados com maneb e com paraquat.Com estes resultados pode-se sugerir, de forma preliminar, uma ação tóxica maior sobre centros dopaminérgicos.Estudos sobre a toxicidade destes compostos são essenciais na compreensão do papel destes praguicidas e dos radicais livres na etiologia das doenças

[Human care: purification action]. / O cuidado humano: ação de purificação.

This article was originated by a request of some professors of the Masters Course in Nursing. The theme "bath", as an act of care, was developed, initially, on the meaning of moves. The esthetic of body movement, to the sound of music, was represented graphically, allowing to reach constructs as: relationship, physical contact, sharing, pleasure, satisfaction, cleanliness, reaproximation. The concept of "bath", understood through research in different bibliography and idioms, was translated as "purification". The meaning of "purification" was studied with an anthropological view. Many practices and rituals were perceived through history and human experience and bring with them tools that may help Nursing to create and recreate the experience and concept of human care. These elements and some contributions to comprehend care are shown in this study.

[Treatment of materials used in laparoscopy]. / Tratamento de materiais utilizados em laparoscopias.

The present study describes the antimicrobiological methods used for ooscopic instruments and also recommends a routine of material caring, methods and products to be employed. These orientations were also based on the author's experience with those methods of cleaning, disinfection and sterilization at a school hospital. It is expected to simplify the procedures describing its steps with scientific embasement.