[Long-term efficacy and safety of divozilimab during 2-year treatment of multiple sclerosis patients in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS]. / Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' dvukhletnei terapii divozilimabom u patsientov s rasseyannym sklerozom v ramkakh randomizirovannogo dvoinogo slepogo platsebo-kontroliruemogo klinicheskogo issledovaniya BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody divozilimab (DIV) used as an intravenous infusion at a dose of 500 mg every 24 weeks during 100 weeks for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), including relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) with relapses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The multicenter, randomized, double-blind and double-masked phase III clinical trial (CT) BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS (NCT05385744) included 338 adult patients with MS distributed in a 1:1 ratio into two groups: DIV 500 mg and teriflunomide (TRF) 14 mg. After screening, subjects were included in the main CT period, which consisted of two cycles of therapy over 48 weeks, then entered an additional period from weeks 49 to 100, which included three cycles of therapy. The efficacy was assessed based on the results of brain MRI and registration of data on relapses. RESULTS: 308 subjects completed 5 therapy cycles according to the study protocol. An analysis of the effectiveness of DIV therapy over 2 years showed a persistent suppression of MRI and clinical activity of the disease in comparison with TRF, which was confirmed by all the studied MRI indicators (including CUA; total number of gadolinium-enhancing (GdE) lesions on T1-weighted scans ; number of new or enlarged lesions on T2-weighted scans; lesions volume change on T2-weighted scans; change in the volume of hypointense lesions on T1-weighted scans). The use of DIV was associated with a statistically significant decrease in ARR compared to TRF (p=0.0001). The ARR in the DIV group was 0.057, in the TRF group - 0.164 with 95% confidential interval for the frequency ratio [0.202; 0.593]. The incidence of GdE lesions on T1-weighted scans in the DIV group was significantly lower than in the TRF group. The average number of such lesions was 0.0±0.08 and 1.0±4.46 in the DIV and TRF groups, respectively (p<0.0001). Progression of EDSS was detected in 18 (10.7%) and 36 (21.3%) patients in the DIV and TRF groups, respectively (p=0.0075). The proportion of patients with relapses was 11.2% (n=19) in the DIV group and 23.1% (n=39) in the TRF group (p=0.0039). In the subpopulation of patients with SPMS, no cases of increase in EDSS were detected, and not a single case of exacerbation was recorded over 2 years of using DIV. Also, DIV has shown a favorable safety profile. Among the adverse reactions (AR), infusion reactions and laboratory abnormalities, such as a decrease in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, were most often recorded. Identified AR were expected, had mild to moderate severity, and resolved without any negative consequences. CONCLUSION: The results of the BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS CT indicate a high sustained efficacy and safety of long-term use of DIV in comparison with TRF during 2 years of therapy.

[Efficacy and safety of antiCD20 monoclonal antibody divozilimab during 48-week treatment of multiple sclerosis patients in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS]. / Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' 48 nedel'nogo primeneniya monoklonal'nogo antitela protiv CD20 divozilimaba u patsientov s rasseyannym sklerozom: rezul'taty randomizirovannogo dvoinogo slepogo platsebo-kontroliruemogo klinicheskogo issledovaniya BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody divozilimab (DIV) used as an intravenous infusion at a dose of 500 mg for the treatment of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in comparison with the teriflunomide (TRF). The study of the efficacy and safety of the use of the drug DIV was carried out for 48 weeks of therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The multicenter, randomized, double-blind and double-masked phase III clinical trial (CT) BCD-132-4/MIRANTIBUS included 338 adult patients with RRMS distributed in a 1:1 ratio into two groups: DIV 500 mg and TRF 14 mg. After screening, subjects were included in the main CT period, which consisted of two cycles of therapy over 48 weeks. The primary end point was «Mean annualized relapse rate 48 weeks after the last patient is randomized in the study¼. RESULTS: 321 subjects completed 48 weeks of therapy according to the study protocol. The analysis of the of efficacy data for the primary endpoint successively proved the hypothesis of superiority of the test drug DIV at a dose of 500 mg over the reference drug TRF. A rapid suppression of acute disease activity according to the brain MRI and clinical manifestations of the disease was shown after the first infusion of DIV in patients with RRMS. Thus, after 48 weeks of therapy in patients treated with DIV, there were no T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions, while in the TRF group such lesions were observed in 20.7% (35/169) of subjects. Evaluation of the CUA per scan showed that the mean values for the estimated period were statistically significantly lower in the DIV drug group compared to the TRF group: the ratio of the adjusted per scan rates (DIV/TRF) was 0.125 [95% CI: 0.089; 0.177]. Over the 48 weeks of therapy, the proportion of subjects with relapses was 9.5% (n=16/169) in the DIV group and 19.5% (33/169) in the TRF group (p=0.0086). DIV has shown a favorable safety profile. Among the adverse reactions (AR), infusion reactions and deviations of laboratory data, such as a decrease in the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, were most often recorded. Identified AR were expected, had mild to moderate severity, and resolved without any negative consequences. CONCLUSION: The results of the clinical study indicate the high efficacy and safety of DIV in comparison with TRF.

[Efficacy and safety of divozilimab during 24-week treatment of multiple sclerosis patients in randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial BCD-132-2]. / Effektivnost' i bezopasnost' 24 nedel' primeneniya divozilimaba sredi patsientov s rasseyannym sklerozom v ramkakh randomizirovannogo dvoinogo slepogo platsebo-kontroliruemogo klinicheskogo issledovaniya BCD-132-2.

OBJECTIVE: To find the optimal therapeutic dose of the anti-B cell mAb divozilimab (DIV) based on the efficacy and safety data of intravenous administration at a dose of 125 mg or 500 mg in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) compared to placebo (PBO) and teriflunomide (TRF). To study the efficacy and safety of DIV within 24 weeks of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind and double-masked, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial (CT) BCD-132-2 involved 271 adult patients with RRMS from 25 centres In Russia. Patients were randomly assigned (2:2:2:1) into 4 groups: TRF, DIV 125 mg, DIV 500 mg and PBO. After screening patients entered to the main period, which consisted of one cycle of therapy for 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was the total number of gadolinium-enhancing T1 lesions (Gd+) observed on brain MRI scans after 24 weeks (per scan - involves estimating the mean value of the score from all the MRI assessments performed for each participant in the study). RESULTS: 263 patients completed 24 weeks of treatment. Most of the patients in the DIV groups had no lesions on T1-weighted MRI after 24 weeks of treatment (94.44% on 125 mg and 93.06% on 500 mg). In the TRF and PBO groups the values were significantly lower: 68.06% and 56.36% respectively (both p<0.05). The proportions of relapse-free patients in the DIV groups were 93.06% and 97.22% (125 mg and 500 mg, respectively). As expected, DIV reduced the CD19+ B-cells. However, the repopulation rate of CD19+ B-cells in the 125 mg group was more pronounced (mainly due to the recovering pool of CD27-naive B-cells) compared to the 500 mg group. DIV showed a favorable safety profile at both doses. CONCLUSION: Thus, the assessment of 24 weeks treatment demonstrated that DIV is a highly effective, safe and convenient option for the treatment of RRMS patients, both naive and previously treated with disease modifying therapy. A dose of 500 mg is recommended for further efficacy and safety evaluation during phase 3 CT.

[Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: current issues of timely diagnosis]. / Pervichno-progressiruiushchii rasseiannyi skleroz: sovremennoe sostoianie problemy svoevremennoi postanovki diagnoza.

This article presents a review of international data on primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) and an analysis of factors influencing timely diagnosis of PPMS in a number of regions of the Russian Federation.

[Efficacy of the combination drug vasobral in chronic vascular encephalopathy].

OBJECTIVE: Despite the high prevalence of chronic vascular encephalopathy, its diagnosis and treatment remain understudied. This observational multicenter trial assessed the efficacy and safety of vasobral in patients with cerebral ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The open observational study was carried out in 37 centers in 11 Russian cities and included 300 patients with confirmed diagnosis of chronic vascular encephalopathy, stages 1 and 2, without dementia. The patients received 1 tablet (4 mg α-dihydroergocryptine and 40 mg caffeine) 2 times a day during 3 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was an improvement of cognitive and affective status as well as quality of life and a decrease of subjective signs of chronic vascular encephalopathy. Vasobral did not cause significant fluctuations of arterial pressure and was safe for patients with chronic vascular encephalopathy and arterial hypertension.

[Complex treatment of epilepsy with phenotropil].

Effect of phenotropil in combination with anticonvulsant drugs on the course of different forms of epilepsy and EEG parameters has been studied. Patients of a main group (31 patients) received phenotropil, along with antiepileptic drugs (AEP), in dosage 100 mg daily during 2 months. Effect of the therapy was compared to the patients of comparison group (30 patients) treated with AEP only. In the main group, the significant decrease of seizures and positive changes on the EEG with the reduction of the index of epileptiform changes was observed.