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OBJECTIVES: Recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) is a prevalent oral mucosal disease, affecting around 20% of the global population. It can greatly impair the quality of life for affected individuals. However, the exact etiology of RAU remains unknown. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 16S rRNA sequencing (16S rRNA-seq) and non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were employed to investigate the salivary microbiota and metabolic phenotype between RAU patients (N = 61) and healthy controls (HCs) (N = 105). RESULTS: Findings from 16S rRNA -seq indicated reduced oral microbial diversity in RAU patients compared to HCs, but increased interactions. Clinical variables did not show any significant association with the overall diversity of oral microbiota in RAU patients. However, significant correlations were observed between specific microorganisms and clinical variables. LC-MS results revealed dysregulation of amino acid, lipid, nucleotide, and caffeine metabolism in RAU patients. Furthermore, correlation analysis of 16S rRNA-seq and LC-MS data revealed a significant association between salivary microbiota and metabolites in RAU patients. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed notable differences in salivary microbiota and metabolic profiles between RAU patients and HCs, indicating a strong link between oral microbiota dysbiosis, metabolic disturbances, and the onset and progression of RAU.
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Objective@#To explore the photodynamic treatment method and therapeutic effect of oral verrucous carcinoma and to provide a reference for the clinic.@*Methods@#This study follows the requirements of medical ethics. This paper summarized the photodynamic treatment of an oral verrucous carcinoma with a diameter of approximately 2.5 cm in the right buccal mucosa and retrospectively analyzed the characteristics and treatment of oral verrucous carcinoma and the photodynamic treatment of potential malignant lesions of the oral mucosa through a review of the literature.@*Results@#After four rounds of photodynamic therapy, the size of the right buccal lesion was significantly reduced. After 6 months of follow-up, the white verrucous hyperplasia of the right buccal mucosa had completely subsided, and there was no obvious scar formation. Three years after treatment, there was no recurrence of the lesion in the right buccal mucosa and no obvious scar formation in the treated area. The degree of mouth opening was 3 fingers, and there was no lymph node enlargement in the bilateral submandibular, submental or neck. The literature review shows that oral verrucous carcinoma is a rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma with the characteristics and biological behaviors of slow growth, low malignancy, and rare metastasis. Surgery is the preferred treatment, but there are some limitations. Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive, repeatable treatment with mild adverse reactions. In recent years, photodynamic therapy has been gradually applied for the treatment of potential malignant disorders of the oral mucosa and early oral squamous cell carcinoma and has achieved positive results, but it has not been reported for the treatment of oral verrucous cancer@*Conclusion@#Photodynamic therapy is a new option for nonsurgical resection of oral verrucous carcinoma.