Does valerian work for insomnia? An umbrella review of the evidence.

Valerian is one of the most used herbal agents (phytotherapeutics) to manage sleep disturbances, in particular, sleep-onset difficulties in young adults. However, the evidence based on primary studies and systematic reviews that supports its use in this domain is weak or inconclusive. In the current study, an umbrella review was performed on the efficacy of valerian for sleep disturbances with a focus on insomnia. As such, only systematic reviews (with or without meta-analysis) were considered for this study. Systematic searches in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO and CNKI databases retrieved 70 records. Only 8 articles were considered eligible for qualitative analysis. Overall, data suggested that valerian has a good safety profile, however, the results showed no evidence of efficacy for the treatment of insomnia. Moreover, valerian appears to be effective concerning subjective improvement of sleep quality, although its effectiveness has not been demonstrated with quantitative or objective measurements. Despite its widespread use and prescription by general practitioners, psychiatrists and other professionals, valerian does not have empirical support for insomnia. Further studies, in particular high quality randomized controlled trials, are highly recommended since there are scarce studies and the existing ones are quite heterogeneous and with low methodological quality. The implications of our findings for clinical practice are critically discussed.

Akkermansia muciniphila Encapsulated in Calcium-Alginate Hydrogelated Matrix: Viability and Stability over Aerobic Storage and Simulated Gastrointestinal Conditions.

Akkermansia muciniphila is considered a next-generation probiotic to be incorporated in new food and pharmaceutical formulations. Effective delivery systems are required to ensure high probiotic viability and stability during product manufacture, shelf-life, and post-consumption, namely, throughout digestion. Hydrogelated matrices have demonstrated promising potential in this dominion. Hence, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of a calcium-alginate hydrogelated matrix on A. muciniphila viability during 28-days refrigerated aerobic storage and when exposed to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, in comparison with that of free cells. Akkermansia muciniphila was successfully encapsulated in the calcium-alginate matrix via extrusion (60% encapsulation yield). Furthermore, encapsulated A. muciniphila exhibited high stability (a loss in viability lower than 0.2 log-cycle) after 28-days of refrigerated aerobic storage, maintaining its viability around 108 CFU/g. Prominently, as the storage time increased, encapsulated A. muciniphila revealed higher viability and stability regarding in vitro gastrointestinal conditions than free cells. This suggests that this encapsulation method may attenuate the detrimental effects of prolonged aerobic storage with a subsequent gastrointestinal passage. In conclusion, encapsulation via extrusion using a calcium-alginate hydrogelated matrix seems to be a promising and adequate strategy for safeguarding A. muciniphila from adverse conditions encountered during refrigerated aerobic storage and when exposed to the gastrointestinal passage.

Conventional Phacoemulsification Surgery Versus Femtosecond Laser Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Comparative Analysis of Cumulative Dissipated Energy and Corneal Endothelial Loss in Cataract Patients.

Purpose: To analyze whether femtosecond laser-assisted surgery leads to less cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and decreased endothelial cell loss compared to conventional surgery. Patients and Methods: This non-blinded, non-randomized, quasi-experimental clinical trial was conducted at one center and involved one surgeon. Patients with cataracts and 50-80 years old were included, and the exclusion criteria were radial keratotomy, trabeculectomy, drain tube implant, corneal transplant, posterior vitrectomy, and re-implantation of intraocular lens. In total, 298 patients were recruited between October 2020 and April 2021, and the data collected included sex, laterality, age, ocular comorbidities, systemic comorbidities and CDE. An endothelial cell count was performed before and after surgery. Patients were divided according to femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification or conventional phacoemulsification. The femtolaser patients were submitted to the equipment, and then, immediately after treatment, phacoemulsification surgery was performed. In the conventional method, the "divide and conquer" technique was used. The statistical analysis was made using an analysis of covariance linear model, using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc., 1999). Values with p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 132 patients were analyzed. The only statistically relevant predictors of CDE were the severity of the cataract (p < 0.0001) and age of ≥75 years (p = 0.0003). The following factors were not significant: technique with or without laser (p = 0.6862), sex (p = 0.8897), systemic arterial hypertension (p = 0.1658), and diabetes (p = 0.9017). Grade 4 cataracts were associated with higher CDE than grade 3 cataracts, which in turn were associated with higher CDE than grade 2 cataracts. A comparison of pre- and post-operative specular microscopy with and without laser revealed no significant discrepancy (p = 0.5017). Conclusion: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery did not reduce CDE or endothelial cell loss compared to conventional surgery regardless of severity.

Trampas al recuerdo, olvidos inducidos y memorias sesgadas. Representaciones sociales de hechos históricos

Las representaciones sociales en torno a los hechos históricos del conflicto armado, están marcada por un sesgo cognitivo y mnémico, acompañado de olvidos y silencios y por procesos de atribución de responsabilidad en los que se asume como principal responsable y enemigo absoluto a las guerrillas, especialmente a las FARC-EP. Esto invisibiliza la responsabilidad de los otros actores (Paramilitares, Fuerza Pública y Estado), generando olvidos convenientes e inducidos que son funcionales a los intereses de ciertos sectores sociales que ostentan el poder político, económico y mediático, que promueven impunidad y contribuyen al mantenimiento de la violencia política para detentar su poder. Estos procesos de memoria hegemónica se constituyen en barrera psicosocial para la construcción de la paz, la democracia y la reconciliación en Colombia.

Social representations around the historical facts of the armed conflict are marked by a cognitive and mnemic bias, accompanied by forgetfulness and silences, and by processes of attribution of responsibility in which the guerrillas, especially the FARC-EP, are assumed as the main responsible and absolute enemy. This makes the responsibility of the other stakeholders (paramilitaries, security forces, and the State) invisible, by generating a convenient and induced oblivion, which is functional to the interests of certain social sectors that hold political, economic, and media power, which promote impunity and contribute to the maintenance of political violence in order to maintain their power. These hegemonic memory processes constitute a psychosocial barrier to the construction of peace, democracy, and reconciliation in Colombia.

+Literacia emocional: competências emocionais dos enfermeiros / +Emotional Literacy: Nurses Emotional Skills

O interesse pela inteligência emocional e desenvolvimento das competências emocionais tem vindo a aumentar. A iliteracia emocional gera problemas socio emocionais e conflitos (Goleman, 2010). O desenvolvimento das competências emocionais dá lugar à educação emocional e representa um dos objetivos primordiais– promover a Literacia Emocional dos Enfermeiros e consequentemente uma Saúde Mental Positiva.No âmbito da Promoção da Saúde Mental, pretende-se elaborar um Módulo “+Literacia Emocional: Competências Emocionais dos Enfermeiros” de acordo com as 5 dimensões, identificadas por Xavier e Nunes (2016): Conhecimento emocional; Autonomia emocional; Regulação emocional; Competência social; Habilidades de vida e bem-estar. A intervenção, baseada no modelo multifatorial de Saúde Mental Positiva, pretende ser um recurso para o programa de Promoção de Saúde Mental Positiva “+ por Ti”, recorrendo aos instrumentos de avaliação utilizados neste programa. A metodologia adotada tem como base o método exploratório e descritivo, com revisão sistemática da literatura. (AU)

Interest in emotional intelligence and the development of emotional skills has been increasing. Emotional illiteracy generates socio-emotional problems and conflicts (Goleman, 2010). The development of emotional competencies gives rise to emotional education and represents one of the primary objectives – to promote the Emotional Literacy of Nurses and, consequently, Positive Mental Health. Within the scope of Mental Health Promotion, this study sought to develop a Module “+Emotional Literacy: Emotional Competences of Nurses” according to the five dimensions identified by Xavier and Nunes (2016): Emotional knowledge; Emotional autonomy; Emotional regulation; Social competence; Life skills and well-being. Based on the multifactorial model of Positive Mental Health, the intervention intends to be a resource for the Promotion of Positive Mental Health programme “+ por Ti”, using the evaluation instruments used in this programme. The methodology adopted is based on the exploratory and descriptive method, with a systematic literature review. (AU)

Design and Characterization of a Cheese Spread Incorporating Osmundea pinnatifida Extract.

Marine algae have been emerging as natural sources of bioactive compounds, such as soluble dietary fibers and peptides, presenting special interest as ingredients for functional foods. This study developed a cheese spread incorporating red seaweed Osmundea pinnatifida extract and subsequently characterized it in terms of nutritional, pH, and microbiological parameters and bioactivities including prebiotic, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antioxidant activities. This food was produced through incorporation of O. pinnatifida extract (3%), obtained via enzymatic extraction Viscozyme L in a matrix containing whey cheese (75%) and Greek-type yoghurt (22%). The product was then subjected to thermal processing and subsequently stored for 21 days at 4 °C. During storage, this food showed a high pH stability (variations lower than 0.2 units), the absence of microbial contamination and all tested bioactivities at the sampling timepoints 0 and 21 days. Indeed, it exerted prebiotic effects under Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5® and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12®, increasing their viability to around 4 and 0.5 log CFU/g, respectively. In addition, it displayed antidiabetic (α-glucosidase inhibition: 5-9%), antihypertensive (ACE inhibition: 50-57%), and antioxidant (ABTS: 13-15%; DPPH: 3-5%; hydroxyl radical: 60-76%) activities. In summary, the cheese spread produced may be considered an innovative food with high potential to contribute toward healthier status and well-being of populations.

Exploring Freeze-Drying as Strategy to Enhance Viability of Faecalibacterium duncaniae DSM 17677 upon Aerobic Storage and Gastrointestinal Conditions

Faecalibacterium duncaniae is an intestinal commensal bacterium proposed as a next-generation probiotic due to its promising outcomes in the treatment and prevention of several human diseases, which demonstrate its multiple contributions to the host's health. However, its strict anaerobic nature has created several hurdles in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biotherapeutic products. Herein, we explored freeze-dried formulations containing prebiotics, cryoprotectants, and antioxidant agents as a technological strategy to enhance the viability of F. duncaniae DSM 17677 upon aerobic storage and gastrointestinal tract conditions. Our results indicate that freeze-dried F. duncaniae in a matrix containing inulin, sucrose, cysteine, and riboflavin survived at levels higher than 106 CFU/g and around 105 CFU/g after 1 and 4 days of aerobic storage at room temperature, respectively. Thus, the freeze-dried formulation with inulin, sucrose, cysteine, and riboflavin presents as a protective strategy to improve F. duncaniae viability under aerobic environments. Nevertheless, incorporation of a suitable coating aimed at protecting F. duncaniae against the detrimental gastrointestinal passage effects is urgently required, given its high susceptibility to extreme acidic pH values and bile.

Body Composition of Healthy Cats and Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease Fed on a Dry Diet Low in Phosphorus with Maintenance Protein.

The aim was to evaluate the effect of feeding a low-phosphorus and maintenance protein diet in healthy cats and cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with IRIS stages 1 (CKD-1) and 2 (CKD-2). Cats were initially fed a senior diet (30 days) followed by the renal diet (60 days). Body composition, body weight (BW), muscle mass score (MMS), and body condition score (BCS) were assessed before (T30) and after renal diet intake (T60). General mixed linear models were used to assess the effects of fixed groups and moments (T30 × T60), as well as their interaction, in addition to the random effects of animals within each group. Unlike healthy cats and cats with CKD-1, cats with CKD-2 had a loss of BW, lower BCS (p < 0.005), and lower MMS (p = 0.0008) after 60 days of consuming the renal diet. The fat mass and lean body mass (LBM), determined by the deuterium isotopes method, did not change in all cats between T0 and T60. In healthy cats and cats with CKD-1, the renal diet resulted in maintenance of BW, BCS and MMS; but cats with CKD-2 presented lower BCS and did not reduce phosphatemia after consumption.

Insights into the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of a Next Generation Probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959.

Akkermansia muciniphila is a Gram-negative intestinal anaerobic bacterium recently proposed as a novel probiotic candidate to be incorporated in food and pharmaceutical forms. Despite its multiple health benefits, the data addressing its antimicrobial susceptibility profile remain scarce. However, the absence of acquired resistance in probiotic strains is a compulsory criterion for its approval in the qualified presumption of safety list. This study aimed at characterizing the A. muciniphila DSM 22959 strain's antimicrobial susceptibility profile using phenotypic and in silico approaches. To establish the phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profile of this strain, minimum inhibitory concentrations of eight antimicrobials were determined using broth microdilution and E-test methods. Additionally, the A. muciniphila DSM 22959 genome was screened using available databases and bioinformatics tools to identify putative antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), virulence factors (VF), genomic islands (GI), and mobile genetic elements (MGE). The same categorization was obtained for both phenotypic methods. Resistance phenotype was observed for gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin, which was supported by the genomic context. No evidence was found of horizontal acquisition or potential transferability of the identified ARG and VF. Thus, this study provides new insights regarding the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the probiotic candidate A. muciniphila DSM 22959.

Carbon fluxes in a carbonate rock dominated microbasin of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil.

This study evaluated carbon dynamics in a carbonate microbasin (Bule stream), located in an important metallogenetic area (QF) in Brazil. River water collections were performed on a base and high flow. The microbasin showed high DIC, with HCO3- being the main component, followed by CO2. The pCO2 showed high values, indicating fluxes in the water → air direction. The degassing was 683.4 mmol m-2 day-1 (average at low flow) and 43.4 mmol m-2 day-1 (average at high flow). The fluvial flow was 9 to 31 kg km-2 day-1 of HCO3- and 1.4 to 0.7 kg km-2 day-1 of CO2, respectively, at the base and high flow. Considering the importance of the lithological unit of the Minas Supergroup for the QF, the total flow of CO2 released by all the basins that compose such units was estimated. The estimated values were 1.3 × 1012 mmol day-1 in low flow and 8.4 × 1010 mmol day-1 in high flow. The data obtained in this study were the first in the QF region. The Bule stream is an environmental protection area, free from contamination, considered a background for other drainage basins inserted in the QF. The results obtained reinforce the importance of hydrographic microbasins influence on the river carbon fluxes in a regional and global context.

Spray-Drying Encapsulation of the Live Biotherapeutic Candidate Akkermansia muciniphila DSM 22959 to Survive Aerobic Storage.

Akkermansia muciniphila is regarded as a promising next-generation probiotic or live biotherapeutic candidate. Effective delivery strategies must be developed to ensure high enough viability of the probiotic strain throughout its industrial formulation, distribution chain, shelf-life, and, ultimately, the host's gastrointestinal tract, where it should exert its beneficial effect(s). Among the possible methodologies, spray-drying is considered industrially attractive regarding its costs, efficiency, and scalability, with the due parameter customization. In this study, spray-drying was explored as a one-step process to encapsulate A. muciniphila DSM 22959, testing the drying settings and three different dairy-based matrices. Microcapsule morphology and size was assessed, and viability throughout storage at 4 or 22 °C and simulated gastrointestinal passage was determined. Akkermansia muciniphila microencapsulation by spray-drying, using 10% skim milk and inlet/outlet temperatures of 150/65 °C, is effective in terms of viability stabilization, both during prolonged aerobic storage and exposure to simulated gastrointestinal passage. Akkermansia muciniphila viability was maintained at around 107 CFU/g up to 28 days at 4 °C under aerobic conditions with viability losses inferior to 1 log reduction. This methodology provides the necessary conditions to efficiently deliver the recommended dose of live A. muciniphila in the human gut as a live biotherapeutic product.

Revealing antimicrobial resistance profile of the novel probiotic candidate Faecalibacterium prausnitzii DSM 17677.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a resident anaerobic bacterium commonly found in healthy gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next generation probiotic with high potential for application in food matrices and pharmaceutical formulations. Despite its recognized health benefits, detailed information regarding its antimicrobial susceptibility profile is still lacking. However, this information is crucial to determine its safety, since the absence of acquired antimicrobial resistance is required to qualify a probiotic candidate as safe for human and animal consumption. Herein, the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of F. prausnitzii DSM 17677 strain was evaluated by integrating both phenotypic and in silico data. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations of 9 antimicrobials using broth microdilution and E-test® methods. Also, the whole genome of F. prausnitzii DSM 17677 was analysed, using several databases and bioinformatics tools, to identify possible antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), genomic islands (GI) and mobile genetic elements (MGE). With exception of erythromycin, the same classification (susceptible or resistant) was obtained in both broth microdilution and E-test® methods. Phenotypic resistance to ampicillin, gentamycin, kanamycin and streptomycin were detected, which was supported by the genomic context. Other ARG were also identified but they seem not to be expressed under the tested conditions. F. prausnitzii DSM 17677 genome contains 24 annotated genes putatively involved in resistance against the following classes of antimicrobials: aminoglycosides (such as gentamycin, kanamycin and streptomycin), macrolides (such as erythromycin), tetracyclines and lincosamides. The presence of putative ARG conferring resistance to ß-lactams could only be detected using a broader homology search. The majority of these genes are not encoded within GI or MGE and no plasmids were reported for this strain. Despite the fact that most genes are related with general resistance mechanisms, a streptomycin-specific ARG poses the only potential concern identified. This specific ARG is encoded within a GI and a MGE, meaning that it could have been laterally acquired and might be transferred to other bacteria present in the same environment. Thus, our findings provide relevant insights regarding the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of the probiotic candidate F. prausnitzii DSM 17677.

Serum Metabolites Characterization Produced by Cats CKD Affected, at the 1 and 2 Stages, before and after Renal Diet.

Utilizing metabolomics, a tool for measuring and characterizing low-molecular-weight substances (LMWs), to identify eventual changes in response to dietary intervention is novel in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), a condition characterized by retention of uremic solutes. This study aims to assess the serum metabolomic profile of cats in early stages of CKD and to compare the serum metabolomic of CKD cats after 60 days of a renal diet to evaluate the effect of dietary intervention on these metabolites. Twenty-five domestic cats were included in the study. Fifteen cats with CKD stages 1 (n = 6) and 2 (n = 9) according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) were included in the renal groups, and a control group consisting of 10 cats was included. All animals were enrolled on a maintenance diet for 30 days before the experimental period. The metabolomics analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on Metaboanalyst 4.0 software. Forty-three metabolites were identified. Citric acid and monostearin were altered in the CKD2 group when compared to CKD1 and the control group at T0. A total of seven serum metabolites differed after 60 days of the renal diet: glycine, fructose, glutamic acid, arachidonic acid, stearic acid, creatinine, and urea. Changes were seen in the serum metabolomic profile after 60 days of the renal diet, and some of the metabolites that changed in response to the diet have beneficial effects on health. Overall, metabolomics markers have the potential to identify early stages of CKD, providing insights into the possible pathophysiologic processes that contribute to the development and progression of CKD.

Transition from APAP to CPAP may be a cost-effective health intervention in OSA patients.

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder associated with a significant economic burden. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and auto-titrating positive airway pressure (APAP) are recognized therapeutic options in patients with OSA, although treatment costs are higher with APAP. We conducted a study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and potential cost savings resulting from the implementation of a protocol guiding the transition to CPAP in OSA patients previously treated with APAP. METHODS: This prospective study included patients with OSA under APAP who were followed up at the Sleep Medicine outpatient clinic of a tertiary referral hospital between January 2019 and January 2021. Treatment was switched to CPAP in patients who met the following criteria: satisfactory adaptation and adherence to APAP, residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of < 5/hour, and no relevant air leaks. APAP and CPAP outcomes were compared and an estimate of the savings obtained by the transition from APAP to CPAP was calculated. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients were included in the study. APAP and CPAP were both effective in correcting obstructive events and improving daytime sleepiness. No significant differences were found regarding treatment adherence and tolerance between both PAP modalities. The selection of fixed-pressure CPAP through 90th or 95th percentile APAP pressure proved to be effective and an alternative strategy to titration polysomnography. At the end of this two-year study, the transition from APAP to CPAP enabled savings of at least 10,353€. CONCLUSION: The transition from APAP to CPAP may be an effective, well-tolerated, safe, and cost-saving strategy in patients with OSA.

Psychiatric emergency service in Federal District: interdisciplinarity, pioneering spirit and innovation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to discuss the care for people in psychic crises conducted by the team of the Mental Health Center of the Mobile Emergency Care Service of the Federal District - Brazil (NUSAM/SAMU/DF/BRAZIL), describing the dynamics of care, since the regulation from cases to follow-up. METHODS: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, with data collected through data collection in the information system of the Health Department of the Federal District (SES/DF), participant observation activities and interviews, over a period of three months, with professionals from NUSAM/SAMU/DF. The qualitative analysis consisted of Bardin's content analysis. RESULTS: NUSAM/SAMU/DF showed its ability to offer care in a humanized and resolving way to urgencies and emergencies of a psychosocial nature, considering the resources it has. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The service's pioneering spirit regarding the prehospital approach to people in psychic crises is highlighted, characterized by the singularized, humanized and resolutive service.

Efficacy of probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in a private tertiary hospital: 10-year experience / Eficácia de sondagem para obstrução congênita de ducto nasolacrimal em hospital terciário privado: 10 anos de experiência

ABSTRACT Objetive: To evaluate the success rate of initial and repeated probing as treatment approach for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children between 2 and 46 months. Methods: A restrospective review of 73 children diagnosed with CNLDO who underwent probing of the NLD from March 2010 to 2020 was conducted. Data were colected from Hospital Oftalmológico de Anápolis in Anápolis, Goiás. Results: The procedure was performed in 90 eyes. The study sample was constituted of 36 males and 37 females. Bilateral involvement occurred in 18 (24.6%) children whereas 55 (75.3%) of them were unilaterally affected. The age ranges of the patients were divided into 4 groups: A - up to 6 months old (5.5% of the eyes), B - 7 to 12 months (27.5%), group C - 13 to 24 months (39.5%) and group D - older than 24 months (26.4%). The mean age of the sample was 18.6 months. Initial probing obtained an overall success rate of 88.8% and group B showed the best percentage (96%) from all age ranges. The second intervention had a lower outcome, successfuly in 55.5% of the cases. Conclusion: All age ranges showed high success rates for initial probing, although there was a decrease in subsequent procedures outcomes. Our results demonstrate that the success rate for primary probing is not affected by age.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a taxa de sucesso de sondagem inicial e de repetição como abordagem de tratamento para obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal em crianças entre 2 e 46 meses. Métodos: conduziu-se uma revisão retrospectiva de 73 crianças diagnosticadas com obstrução congênita do ducto nasolacrimal que se submeteram à sondagem do ducto nasolacrimal de março de 2010 a 2020. Os dados foram coletados no Hospital Oftalmológico de Anápolis em Anápolis, Goiás. Resultados: o procedimento foi realizado em 90 olhos. A amostra do estudo constitui-se em 36 pacientes do sexo masculino e 37 do sexo feminino. O acometimento foi bilateral em 18 crianças, enquanto 55 (75,3%) delas foram afetadas de forma unilateral. Os pacientes foram divididos em 4 grupos, de acordo com a faixa etária: A- até 6 meses de vida (5,5% dos olhos); B- 7 a 12 meses (27,5%); grupo C- 13 a 24 meses (39,5%) e grupo D- mais que 24 meses (26,4). A média de idade de amostra foi de 18,6 meses. A sondagem inicial teve uma taxa de sucesso global de 88,8%, e o grupo B mostrou a melhor porcentagem (96%) de todas as faixas etárias. A segunda intervenção teve uma taxa de sucesso menor, de 55,5% dos casos. Conclusão: todas as faixas etárias mostraram altas taxas de sucesso na sondagem, embora tenha havido um decréscimo nos resultados dos procedimentos subsequentes. Nossos resultados demonstram que a taxa de sucesso na sondagem primária não é afetada pela idade

Psychiatric emergency service in Federal District: interdisciplinarity, pioneering spirit and innovation / Servicio de emergencia psiquiátrica en Distrito Federal: interdisciplinariedad, espíritu pionero e innovación / Serviço de emergência psiquiátrica no Distrito Federal: interdisciplinaridade, pioneirismo e inovação

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to discuss the care for people in psychic crises conducted by the team of the Mental Health Center of the Mobile Emergency Care Service of the Federal District - Brazil (NUSAM/SAMU/DF/BRAZIL), describing the dynamics of care, since the regulation from cases to follow-up. Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, with data collected through data collection in the information system of the Health Department of the Federal District (SES/DF), participant observation activities and interviews, over a period of three months, with professionals from NUSAM/SAMU/DF. The qualitative analysis consisted of Bardin's content analysis. Results: NUSAM/SAMU/DF showed its ability to offer care in a humanized and resolving way to urgencies and emergencies of a psychosocial nature, considering the resources it has. Final considerations: The service's pioneering spirit regarding the prehospital approach to people in psychic crises is highlighted, characterized by the singularized, humanized and resolutive service.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Debatir la atención a personas en crisis psíquicas realizado por equipo del Núcleo de Salud Mental del Servicio de Atención Móvil de Urgencia del Distrito Federal - Brasil (NUSAM/SAMU/DF/BRASIL), describiendo dinámica de atención, desde la regulación de los casos hasta el follow-up. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio, descriptivo, con datos recogidos por medio del levantamiento de datos en sistema de informaciones de la Secretaría de Salud del Distrito Federal (SES/DF), actividades de observación participante y entrevistas, en el período de tres meses, con profesionales del NUSAM/SAMU/DF. Análisis cualitativo consistió en el análisis de contenido de Bardin. Resultados: El NUSAM/SAMU/DF evidenció su capacidad de ofertar atención de forma humanizada y resolutiva a las urgencias y emergencias de naturaleza psicosocial, considerando los recursos de que dispone. Consideraciones finales: Destaca el pionerismo del servicio en que se refiere al abordaje prehospitalario a personas en crisis psíquicas, caracterizada por la atención singularizada, humanizada y resolutiva.

RESUMO Objetivo: Este estudo objetiva debater o atendimento a pessoas em crises psíquicas realizado pela equipe do Núcleo de Saúde Mental do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência do Distrito Federal - Brasil (NUSAM/SAMU/DF/BRASIL), descrevendo a dinâmica de atendimento, desde a regulação dos casos até o follow-up. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo exploratório, descritivo, com dados coletados por meio do levantamento de dados no sistema de informações da Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal (SES/DF), atividades de observação participante e entrevistas, no período de três meses, com profissionais do NUSAM/SAMU/DF. A análise qualitativa consistiu na análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: O NUSAM/SAMU/DF evidenciou sua capacidade de ofertar atendimento de forma humanizada e resolutiva às urgências e emergências de natureza psicossocial, considerando os recursos de que dispõe. Considerações finais: Destaca-se o pioneirismo do serviço no que se refere à abordagem pré-hospitalar a pessoas em crises psíquicas, caracterizada pelo atendimento singularizado, humanizado e resolutivo.

Commensal Obligate Anaerobic Bacteria and Health: Production, Storage, and Delivery Strategies.

In the last years several human commensals have emerged from the gut microbiota studies as potential probiotics or therapeutic agents. Strains of human gut inhabitants such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides, or Faecalibacterium have shown several interesting bioactivities and are thus currently being considered as food supplements or as live biotherapeutics, as is already the case with other human commensals such as bifidobacteria. The large-scale use of these bacteria will pose many challenges and drawbacks mainly because they are quite sensitive to oxygen and/or very difficult to cultivate. This review highlights the properties of some of the most promising human commensals bacteria and summarizes the most up-to-date knowledge on their potential health effects. A comprehensive outlook on the potential strategies currently employed and/or available to produce, stabilize, and deliver these microorganisms is also presented.

El papel de los medios de comunicación en la fabricación de recuerdos, emociones y creencias sobre el enemigo que facilitan la polarización política y legitiman la violencia / The role of mass media in the fabrication of memories, emotions, and beliefs about the enemy, which make political polarization easy and legitimize violence

Resumen El presente artículo profundiza en la forma como los medios de comunicación tienen agencia en la construcción de creencias sociales, narrativas del pasado y orientaciones emocionales colectivas sobre el enemigo que agudizan la polarización política y legitiman las salidas armadas al conflicto social y político que existe en Colombia desde hace más de cinco décadas. En los resultados se evidencia un discurso lineal, hegemónico y homogéneo que está claramente inducido desde los medios de comunicación, según la voz de los participantes, que constituye un enemigo absoluto en las guerrillas, particularmente en las FARC, estigma que se extiende a manifestaciones políticas de izquierda o favorables a una solución política negociada del conflicto armado. De otro lado, un actor referido como poco conocido, confundido con las guerrillas o considerado un mal menor o legitimado, son los paramilitares y una narrativa del héroe que se sacrifica, nos cuida y nos protege, en las Fuerzas Militares, de quienes se minimizan sus acciones violatorias de los derechos humanos. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de poner en discusión el papel de los medios de comunicación masiva y las redes sociales, contrastando críticamente la información que ofrecen.

Abstract This article delves into how mass media have agency in building social beliefs, narratives of the past, and collective emotional orientations about the enemy, which sharpen political polarization and legitimize the armed exits to the social and political conflict, which has existed in Colombia for more than five decades. The results show a linear, hegemonic, and homogeneous discourse, which is induced clearly from the media, according to participants' voice, which constitutes an absolute enemy in guerrillas, particularly in the FARC, a stigma that extends to left-wing political demonstrations or to a pro-political settlement of the armed conflict. On the other hand, an actor referred to as little known, confused with guerrillas or considered a minor or legitimized evil, are the paramilitaries and a narrative of the hero who sacrifices, cares for us, and protects us, in the Military Forces, from those who minimize their violated human rights actions. It concludes on the need to discuss the role of mass media and social media, critically by contrasting the information they offer.