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1.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol ; 97: 104033, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36481560

RESUMEN

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), particularly second-generation compounds (SGAR), are known to be a potential threat to unintended species due to their tissue persistence. The liver is the storage tissue of ARs and is a matrix of choice in diagnosing exposure and intoxication of non-target fauna. However, it is only available on dead animals. Blood and faeces can be used on living animals. These two biological matrices were compared in terms of their relevance to exposure to ARs. In addressing this question, we compared the faecal, plasma and liver concentrations of bromadiolone, one of the SGAR frequently implicated in wildlife exposure. We studied this comparison at the individual level and at the population level, considering three influencing factors: dose, sex and time. Our findings demonstrate that faecal analyses are more valuable than plasma analyses for monitoring AR exposure of domestic and wild animals, even if faecal concentrations cannot be correlated with liver concentrations.


Asunto(s)
Animales Salvajes , Rodenticidas , Animales , Anticoagulantes/toxicidad , Rodenticidas/toxicidad , Animales Domésticos , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Heces/química
2.
Res Vet Sci ; 150: 179-188, 2022 Dec 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35842949

RESUMEN

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of Humic Acid (HA), Organic Acids (OA), and their combination (HAOA) on the growth performance, meat quality, leukocyte count, and histopathological changes in the liver and spleen of broiler chickens. A total of 2100 one-day-old mix-sexed broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per treatment using 105 birds per pen (pen is used as an experimental unit). Treatments were: 1) Control (basal diet without additives), 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA, 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA, 4) Basel diet +0.02% OA. Growth performance was not significantly affected by all dietary treatments during the experiment period. Sensory evaluation of breast meat indicated a significant positive response for color and smell corresponding to treatment 2) Basal diet +0.1% HA and treatment 3) Basel diet +0.1% HA+ 0.02% OA (P < 0.05). Birds receiving HA and HAOA developed fewer hepatic lesions compared to the control group (P < 0.05) and showed normal spleen structure with the extension of the white pulp area. Supplementation of HAOA corresponds to a lower heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. The combination of HA and OA improves sensory attributes of cooked breast meat, H/L ratio, and preserves the histological structure of the spleen and liver of broiler chickens. HAOA can be recommended as a combined feed additive to improve broiler chickens' health.


Asunto(s)
Pollos , Sustancias Húmicas , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Pollos/fisiología , Dieta/veterinaria , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Hígado , Carne/análisis , Bazo
3.
Front Toxicol ; 4: 907892, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35647575

RESUMEN

Anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are important tools for controlling rodent pests, but they also pose a health threat to non-target species. ARs are one of the most common causes of pet poisoning. However, exposure of domestic animals to subclinical doses of ARs is poorly documented. To study the random exposure of dogs and cats to ARs, feces from animals showing no clinical signs of rodenticide poisoning were collected from a network of French and Belgian veterinarians. We analyzed fresh feces from 304 dogs and 289 cats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. This study showed a limited prevalence of AR exposure in dogs and cats of 2.6 and 4.5% respectively. In both species, access to the outdoors is a risk factor for ARs exposure. In contrast, the sex of the animals did not affect the ARs exposure status. The observation of the ratio of cis and trans isomers suggested primary exposure in dogs, but also in some cats. While primary exposure in dogs appears to be related to the use of ARs as plant protection products, primary exposure in cats may be malicious, as warfarin, an anticoagulant formerly used as a rodenticide and now used only in humans, was found in 4 of 13 exposed cats. Secondary exposure may also occur in cats.Our study showed reduced exposure in dogs and cats, compared to wildlife, which often has high exposure, especially in areas where rodent control is important.

4.
Front Vet Sci ; 6: 369, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31750320

RESUMEN

During the period from 2014 to 2017, a retrospective study on pesticide poisoning in domestic animals and livestock was compiled and then analyzed. A total of 71 pesticide analyses have been submitted to the Pharmacy and Toxicology Laboratory of the School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet in Tunisia. All the cases were first referred either through the clinical and/or pathological departments of the Veterinary School, the private and/or governmental veterinarians or directly by the pet owners. Among the total number of the suspected samples, 21 (29.6%) cases were found positive for various kinds of pesticides. Carbamate insecticides were the most frequently implicated pesticide (52.4% of the total positive cases), followed by organophosphate insecticides (19%), then rodenticides-anticoagulants and rodenticides non-anticoagulants (14.3% each). Therefore, carbamates and organophosphates are the most implicated group of pesticides in intoxications (71.4%). Among the 21 positive cases were 11 dogs, 4 cats, 3 poultry, 2 ruminants, and 1 case of bee poisoning. Partition chromatography (HPLC) has been used to characterize the incriminated pesticides. The aim of this survey was to determine incidence and characteristics of pesticide poisoning in domestic and farm animals in Tunisia. The reported results are useful for epidemiological cartography and medical management of intoxicated animals.

5.
Infect Genet Evol ; 49: 226-233, 2017 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28130168

RESUMEN

Molecular diagnosis of Anaplasma platys and related strains (A. platys-like) in carnivores and ruminants is challenging due to co-infections with cross-reacting strains, and require post-amplification sequencing of the hemi-nested PCR products traditionally generated by targeting the groEL gene. In this study, a Restriction Enzyme Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assay coupled to hemi-nested groEL PCR was developed to discriminate among A. platys and genetically related strains. This novel approach was used for investigating A. platys-like infection in 963 domesticated ruminants (241 goats, 355 sheep, and 367 cattle) from 22 delegations located in North Tunisia. Overall prevalence rates of A. platys-like were 22.8, 11, and 3.5% in goats, sheep, and cattle, respectively. Alignment, identity comparison, and phylogenetic analysis of the groEL sequence variants obtained in this study confirmed RFLP data suggesting that Tunisian ruminants are infected by novel unclassified Anaplasma strains genetically related to A. platys. Compared to sequencing, RFLP assay allows fast detection of A. platys and A. platys-like pathogens in the same sample and has a potential value especially when screening ticks, cats and ruminants, which can be a common host for these two bacteria. This newly developed molecular technique would provide valuable molecular tool for epidemiological studies related to A. platys as well as remove concern over specificity of serological and molecular methods routinely used to identify diverse Anaplasma strains and species in wild and domestic ruminants.


Asunto(s)
Anaplasma/genética , Anaplasmosis/epidemiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/epidemiología , Chaperonina 60/genética , Enfermedades de las Cabras/epidemiología , Filogenia , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/epidemiología , Anaplasma/clasificación , Anaplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Anaplasmosis/microbiología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos/microbiología , Expresión Génica , Enfermedades de las Cabras/microbiología , Cabras/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Alineación de Secuencia , Ovinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/microbiología , Túnez/epidemiología
6.
Parasite ; 22: 3, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25654368

RESUMEN

Trypanosoma evansi, the agent of surra, is a salivarian trypanosome, originating from Africa. Surra is a major disease in camels, equines and dogs, in which it can often be fatal in the absence of treatment. Animals exhibit nonspecific clinical signs (anaemia, loss of weight and abortion). In the present survey, a blood sample was collected in Sousse (Central Tunisia) from a dog that presented clinical signs of trypanosomiasis. Giemsa-stained blood smears and PCR were performed. ITS1 sequences from blood had 99.8 and 99.5% homology with published T. evansi sequences from cattle and camels, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. evansi in a Tunisian dog.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Parasitemia/veterinaria , Trypanosoma/aislamiento & purificación , Tripanosomiasis/veterinaria , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Camelus/parasitología , Bovinos/parasitología , ADN Protozoario/genética , ADN Espaciador Ribosómico/genética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Perros/parasitología , Femenino , Especificidad del Huésped , Leishmaniasis/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis/veterinaria , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Parasitemia/diagnóstico , Parasitemia/parasitología , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Especificidad de la Especie , Trypanosoma/genética , Tripanosomiasis/diagnóstico , Tripanosomiasis/parasitología , Tripanosomiasis Bovina/parasitología , Túnez
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