[Forensic medical characteristic of prevalence and structure of sudden juveniles' death in Moscow Region and St. Petersburg]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya kharakteristika rasprostranennosti i struktury vnezapnoi smerti lits molodogo vozrasta v Moskovskoi oblasti i Sankt-Peterburge.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to compare the prevalence and structure of sudden death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the structure of nonviolent death in Moscow Region as a representative of the large region and St. Petersburg as a city of federal importance. Frequency and structure of this parameter, as well as its dynamics were analyzed. The comparison of obtained results with data of Federal State Statistics Service was done. Nonparametric analysis of the initial data has been conducted. Clustering and visualization, based on the following parameters of initial sample, have been done: «death rate from CVD in the structure of nonviolent death¼, «morbidity rate¼, «incomes¼ and «unemployment rate¼. Correlation dependences between death rate from CVD according to the Form №42 and mentioned parameters of medical and social state of the subject have been determined. Dependences between sudden death rate from CDV and a number of medical and social parameters have been established.

[Forensic medical characteristics of the rate and structure of sudden death due to cardiovascular diseases in young residents of the Tula region]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya kharakteristika rasprostranennosti i struktury vnezapnoi smerti ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii sredi lits molodogo vozrasta v Tul'skoi oblasti.

The objective is to study the prevalence and rate of sudden death from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the structure of non-violent death in people under 35 in the Tula region as a representative of a small region of the Russian Federation. A comparison with the data of the Federal State Statistics Service was made. The overall trend was determined. A non-parametric analysis of the initial data, clustering and visualization were performed based on the following parameters of the initial sample: «mortality rate from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the structure of non-violent death,¼ «morbidity,¼ and «number of doctors in the region.¼ The correlation of mortality from CVD according to Form 42 and the specified indicators of the medical and social status of the region was determined. The relationship between the rate of CVD-related sudden death and specified medical and social indicators was established.

[Forensic medical characteristics of the prevalence of sudden death from cardiovascular diseases in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaya kharakteristika rasprostranennosti vnezapnoi smerti ot serdechno-sosudistykh zabolevanii v sub"ektakh Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

The purpose of the study is to study the prevalence and frequency of sudden death (SD) from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the structure of non-violent death, taking into account the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. We analyzed the frequency of this indicator, compared it with the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and determined the overall dynamics. We conducted a non-parametric analysis of the initial data, carried out clustering and visualization based on the following parameters of the initial sample: «CVD mortality in the structure of non-violent death¼, «morbidity¼ and «per capita income level¼. Correlation dependences of the level of mortality from CVD according to the form 42 on the indicated indicators of the socio-economic condition of the subject were determined. Identified subjects of the Russian Federation with an increase in mortality from CVD; established the dependence of the level of VS on CVD and a number of medical and economic indicators.

[The determination of amitriptyline and its metabolite, nortriptyline, in the biological objects of the corpse by the high-performance liquid chromatography technique].

Tricyclic antidepressants are among the preparations that most frequently cause intoxication in adults and children; moreover, poisoning with these substances not infrequently has a fatal outcome. Medications belonging to this group, such as amitriptyline, are extensively used to manage manifestations of depression, anxiety, migraine, neuropathic pain, and hyperactivity syndrome. Amitriptyline overdosage causes non-specific symptoms of intoxication, and its clinical picture does not allow to identify the nature of a psychotropic xenobiotic. Of primary importance in connection with this is to establish the cause of intoxication or death by the clinical toxicological and forensic medical methods based on the results of the fast identification and quantitation of amitriptyline in biological materials including blood, urine, hepatic tissues, etc. The authors describe the method for the determination of amitriptyline and its principal physiological metabolite nortriptyline in biological objects with the help of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

[The modern approaches to the determination of the content of elemental impurities in the pharmaceutical substances with the use of inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry].

The elemental impurities contained in the composition of the pharmaceutical dose forms are known to be capable of interacting with their active substances and excipients and of catalyzing their degradation; thereby, they alter stability of the drug products and exert toxic effects on the human tissues. The present publication was designed to report the results of the purity tests for ascorbic acid, valine, and galactose substances by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (IBP-MS). This method is recommended for use by the US and EU pharmacopoeias and for the replacement of the traditional test for heavy metals with the use of PbS ethanol suspension.

[The problems of expert evaluation of the results of forensic chemical investigations of clozapine in the biological material].

The objective of the present review was to analyse the problems of expert evaluation of the results of forensic chemical investigations of clozapine in the biological material. Such an analysis is needed because many topical aspects of the quantitative evaluation of toxic clozapine concentrations remain unclear. The treatment with clozapine is associated with its accumulation in blood in concentrations up to 2 mg/l in the absence of any toxic effect allegedly due to the development of tolerability of this agent. In the tolerant patients the ratio of the main clozapine metabolite, norclozapine, to clozapine itself in the serum amounts to 0.6-0.9. This value falls down to 0.3-0.4 in case of acute intoxication. In the case of identification of other pharmaceutical products narcotic drugs together with clozapine their influence on the activity of enzymes responsible for clozapine biotransformation should be taken into consideration. The concomitant intake of clozapine and alcohol may be dangerous for the clozapine-intolerant subjects. It is concluded that the above observations must be borne in mind in the assessment of the results of forensic chemical analysis.

[The influence of an air ionizer on the air ionic composition].

The air ionic composition in a classroom was determined during the operation of a Neo Tec XJ-2100 ionizer (Germany). The amount of ions in the air was measured before and after the switch-on of the ionizer. It was shown to vary depending on the mode of operation of the device and differ from the recommended normal values. The necessity of checking up the work of air ionizers both in living quarters and at workplaces is discussed with the application of air ion counters making it possible to carry out monitoring of the air ionic composition and estimate its compliance with the sanitary and hygienic norms.

[Measurement of thallium content in human urine by atomic absorption spectrometry after acute poisoning].

The problem of poisoning with thallium-containing substances continues to be of current concern. According to the Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination, Moscow, specimens of biological materials from more than 20 victims of such poisoning were delivered for analysis in 2006. The total number of thallium poisoning episodes during the period since 1996 exceeded 50. Materials for thallium determination in biological fluids (human blood and urine) using flame atomic absorption spectrometry were prepared by dry mineralization of accurately weighed samples; acidic solutions of the products of mineralization were used for analysis. Due to peculiar kinetic features of thallium ion absorption in the gastro-intestinal tract, blood could not be used as a biological marker of poisoning. The level of thallium in urine samples was found to vary from 1.00 to 4,600 mcg/l (with the estimation of confidence intervals in each case). Results of chemical analysis correlated with pathological symptoms derived from the patients' discharge summaries and literature reports on dose-effect relationships. Based on these findings, practically all the examined cases were characterized as severe acute poisoning.

Expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, PCNA, and caspase-3 in cells of skin melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

The intensity of cell proliferation and apoptosis and expression peripheral benzodiazepine receptor were studied in skin biopsy specimens from patients with squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma of the skin. Sharp inhibition of apoptosis and changes in the levels of cell proliferation in tumor cells were paralleled by decreased expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor.

[Diagnosis and treatment of post-traumatic chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs]. / Diagnostika i lechenie posttravmaticheskoi venoznoi nedostatochnosti nizhnikh konechnostei

The authors report 87 observations on posttraumatic chronic lymphovenous insufficiency of the lower extremities. Basic methods of examination of such patients; rheovasography, polarography, thermography, veno- and lymphography are described. Grounds are given for the complex treatment of chronic lymphovenous insufficiency after A.V. Vishnevsky and A.A. Vishnevsky technic and the procedure of fibrolysis with supra- and subfascial ligation of communicating veins.