Postinjection Delirium/Sedation Syndrome After 31st Long-Acting Olanzapine Depot Injection.

OBJECTIVE: Long-acting depot preparations of antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for patients with schizophrenia who show nonadherence to their medications. Olanzapine pamoate is one of the recently approved long-acting depot psychotropic preparations that have shown its efficacy both in clinical trials and in clinical uses against the illness. However, emerging literature indicates toward a cluster of adverse effects known as postinjection delirium/sedation syndrome (PDSS). METHODS: We here present a case of PDSS in a woman with paranoid schizophrenia. After maintaining well for almost 1½ years, she developed PDSS at her 31st scheduled long-acting olanzapine injection. RESULTS: Several features of PDSS including its mechanism and course have been discussed. CONCLUSIONS: More research is necessary to understand the syndrome and the association between PDSS and long-acting olanzapine injection. Clinicians should keep in mind that PDSS may worsen compliance in an index patient and affect the course of the illness.

Better Predictive Value of Cancer Antigen125 (CA125) as Biomarker in Ovary and Breast Tumors and its Correlation with the Histopathological Type/Grade of the Disease.

BACKGROUND: Both ovarian/breast cancers are the most prevalent hormone-associated gynecological-cancers, where uncontrolled cellular proliferations/genetic-errors are noticed. The cancer-antigen125 (CA125), which we assessed presently is an important biomarker in the early detection/monitoring of this disease-pathogenesis. METHODS: Serum/tissue CA125 was measured by solid-phase-Enzyme-linked-immunosorbentassay in women with ovarian/breast tumors of different types (epithelial/non-epithelial; benign/ borderline/ malignant)/stages. Breast-tumor tissues were employed for histoarchitecture/DNAstability (comet) assay. Extensive protein-protein(CA125) interactions were studied by the STRING (Search-Tool-for-the-Retrieval-of-Interacting Genes/Proteins) Bioinformatics-software. RESULTS: Serum CA125 levels were <35 U/ml in 94% of benign epithelial-cases, 35-65 U/ml in 100% of borderline-tumors and >100 U/ml in the 41.17% of patients with malignant-tumors. The malignant epithelial tumor showed significantly higher (>100U/ml) CA125 than the non-epithelial malignant-tumor (<35-65 U/ml). Highly enhanced cellularity/histo-architectural impairment/unstable- DNA-materials/CA125 was found in advanced breast-cancers. The CA125 is highly metabolically interactive, especially with mesothelin impairing cell-cell adhesion and enhancing tissue anti-establishment. CONCLUSION: CA125 is a predictive-marker in ovarian/breast carcinoma depending on disease nature/stages. CA125, in combination with other tests like mesothelin/estradiol can be of great use in the better diagnosis of this disease. Not only as a detection-marker, has the CA125 played an interactive role in the disease processes. The Bioinformatics study revealed an important role of mesothelin and other mucin like proteins. Early detection and proper diagnosis are important determinants for the greater possibility of the relief from the disease like cancers. Selection of suitable biomarker combinations may increase the better diagnosis of the types and severity of this disease. Our present result has an impact on these aspects.