Orthodontic awareness amongst middle school teacher sand parents of twin cities.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of awareness towards orthodontic treatment among parents and teachers of middle school children. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to May 2022 in the middle schools of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pak istan, after approval from the ethics review committee of the Foundation University College of Dentistry and Hospital, Foundation University, Islamabad. Those included were middle school teachers and parents of students studying in middle schools. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire that had 6 demographic and 5 sur vey ques tions. The fo rm was digiti zed for easy dissemination a mong parents. Data was analysed us ing SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 240 subjects, 120(50%) each were parents and teachers. Overall, there were 165(68.75%) females and 75(31.25%) males. Level of education and professional exposure were not significantly different between teachers and parents (p>0.05). There was no difference in the level of education and professional work experience between th e parents and teacher (p>0.05). Teachers showed a higher level of awaren ess than parents towards the role of orthodontist in tooth alignment (p=0.013), associated habits with malalignment of teeth (p=0.003), and that the most appropriate age for tre atment wa s 10-15 years (p≤0.0 01). Teach ers were more likely of the opinion tha t facial disharmony is treatable than parents (odds ratio: 1.599, 95% confidence interval: 0.572-4.467). CONCLUSIONS: Teachers showed a higher level of awareness than parents regarding orthodontic treatment of children.

Multi-view autostereoscopic system for 3D visualization in anatomy

Abstract Introduction The use of 3D imaging in the medical field has proven to be a benefit to doctors when diagnosing patients. As for different medical applications, 3D visualization systems have advantages in terms of a better spatial understanding of anatomical structures, better performance of tasks that require high level of dexterity, increased learning performance, and improved communications with patients or between doctors. Methods In this technical report, we show how to employ a multi-view autostereoscopic system to provide 3D images without any special glasses or equipment, describing a new way to obtain 3D visualization using sets of 2D images instead of real volumetric data such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). We also propose an application of the images in neuroanatomy. Results We obtained three-dimensional images of anatomical parts for visualization without glasses with resolution of 336 × 210 pixels'. Conclusion The proposed method was able to generate three-dimensional high-resolution images and has great potential to be used in various areas such as anatomy and physiological studies.

Correction to: Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat: a randomized comparison of Glidescope with Macintosh laryngoscope.

We are thankful to Dr. Deepak Gupta (Clinical Assistant Professor Anesthesiology, Wayne State University/Detroit Medical Center) for bringing to our attention a typographical error in our manuscript [1].

Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat: a randomized comparison of Glidescope with Macintosh laryngoscope.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common problem following endotracheal (ET) intubation during general anesthesia. The objective was to compare the incidence and severity of POST during routine intubation with Glidescope (GL) and Macintosh laryngoscope (MCL). METHODS: One hundred forty adult patients ASA I and II with normal airway, scheduled to undergo elective surgery under GA requiring ET intubation were enrolled in this prospective randomized study and were randomly divided in two groups, GL and MCL. Incidence and severity of POST was evaluated at 0, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. RESULTS: At 0 h, the incidence of POST was more in MCL than GL (n = 41 v.s n = 22, P = 0.001), and also at 6 h after surgery (n = 37 v.s n = 23, P = 0.017). Severity of POST was more at 0, 6 and 12 h after surgery in MCL (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P = 0.004 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Routine use of GL for ET tube placement results in reduction in the incidence and severity of POST compared to MCL. TRIAL REGISRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02848365 . Retrospectively Registered (Date of registration: July, 2016).

Hyponatremia as the Initial Presentation of Cryptococcal Meningitis After Liver Transplantation.

INTRODUCTION: Meningoencephalitis is the most common clinical manifestation of cryptococcal infection, as the organism has a propensity to invade the CNS. Patients often present with elevated intracranial pressure, focal motor deficits, altered mentation and internal hydrocephalus. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) has been reported as a notable cause of euvolemic hyponatremia in immunocompromised patients. CASE PRESENTATION: A 67-year-old male with liver transplantation due to hepatitis C (HCV) related liver cirrhosis developed severe hyponatremia four months after liver transplantation, which was discovered during routine clinic visit. Patient was referred to the emergency department, treated and discharged with normal serum sodium level. Few days later, he presented with dizziness, confusion, ataxia, abnormal muscle movements and leg pain. Laboratory investigations were consistent with SIADH and revealed a sodium level of 115 mmol/L. Brain MRI showed a leptomeningeal enhancement in the superior cerebellar sulci suspicious for infection. Lumbar puncture was performed and consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans infection; therefore, cryptococcal meningitis was diagnosed. Amphotericin B was started for the patient for six weeks followed by fluconazole for one year. His level of consciousness improved significantly, and his serum sodium level slowly returned to its normal baseline over three weeks after starting amphotericin B. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic hyponatremia secondary to SIADH remains a rare complication of cryptococcal meningitis.