[Embryology, anatomy and rare pathologies of the popliteal artery: Peculiarities of surgical treatment]. / Émbriologiia, anatomiia i redkie patologii podkolennoi arterii: osobennosti khirurgicheskogo lecheniia.

Knowledge of anatomical variations of the division of the popliteal artery and specific lesions of the arterial segment involved is necessary for the surgeon, traumatologist-orthopaedist, vascular surgeon. The article contains a review of recent literature data on the prevalence of different variants of branching patterns of the arteries of the crus, also providing a detailed discussion of embryological development of the arterial system of the lower extremities, in many ways explaining the appearance of rare pathologies of the popliteal artery, such as for example popliteal artery entrapment syndrome. Particular attention is paid to cystic damage of the popliteal artery, describing currently known theories of the development of this rare pathology, this is accompanied by sharing own experience in surgical treatment of the patients involved. Awareness of anatomical variants and peculiarities of embryonic development contributes to decreasing the possibility of iatrogenic damage of the popliteal artery during orthopaedic operations and to appropriate decision-making as to the method of revascularization.

[Optimal time of surgery for acute adhesive small bowel obstruction]. / Vybor sroka operativnogo lecheniia pri ostroi spaechnoi tonkokishechnoi neprokhodimosti (mul'titsentrovoe prospektivnoe randomizirovannoe issledovanie).

AIM: To define optimal terms of surgery for acute adhesive non-strangulatory small bowel obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis included 703 publications from e-LIBRARI.RU (342 works) and NCBI (361 works) databases for acute adhesive intestinal obstruction. The vast majority of articles presented retrospective analysis of single-center experience. RESULTS: It has been established that short course of medication is predominantly used for acute adhesive intestinal obstruction in the Russian Federation. International studies point 2-5 days for conservative treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of short and long courses of medication were analyzed. Therefore, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial 'Comparison of early operative treatment (12-hour medication) and long-term conservative treatment (48 hours) for acute adhesive small bowel obstruction' (COTACSO) was planned and registered (Unique Protocol ID: 14121729). The study protocol involves clinical, laboratory and instrumental exclusion of strangulation, randomization and conservative treatment of 2 groups of patients for 12 and 48 hours. Patients will undergo surgical interventions if obstruction will be present by that date. The main endpoint is mortality rate in both groups. The end of the study is December 2020.