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1.
Phytochemistry ; 170: 112222, 2020 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31810054

RESUMEN

Hypertension has become the leading risk factor for worldwide cardiovascular diseases. Conventional pharmacological treatment, after both dietary and lifestyle changes, is generally proposed. In this review, we present the antihypertensive properties of phytocomplexes from thirteen plants, long ago widely employed in ethnomedicines and, in recent years, increasingly evaluated for their activity in vitro and in vivo, also in humans, in comparison with synthetic drugs acting on the same systems. Here, we focus on the demonstrated or proposed mechanisms of action of such phytocomplexes and of their constituents proven to exert cardiovascular effects. Almost seventy phytochemicals are described and scientifically sound pertinent literature, published up to now, is summarized. The review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these natural substances in the treatment of the 'high normal blood pressure' or 'stage 1 hypertension', so-named according to the most recent European and U.S. guidelines, and as a supplementation in more advanced stages of hypertension, however needing further validation by clinical trial intensification.


Asunto(s)
Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antihipertensivos/química , Humanos , Fitoquímicos/química
2.
Clin Transl Sci ; 10(4): 292-301, 2017 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28411380

RESUMEN

Obeticholic acid (OCA) is a semisynthetic bile acid (BA) analog and potent farnesoid X receptor agonist approved to treat cholestasis. We evaluated the biodistribution and metabolism of OCA administered to carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhotic rats. This was to ascertain if plasma and hepatic concentrations of OCA are potentially more harmful than those of endogenous BAs. After administration of OCA (30 mg/kg), we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure OCA, its metabolites, and BAs at different timepoints in various organs and fluids. Plasma and hepatic concentrations of OCA and BAs were higher in cirrhotic rats than in controls. OCA and endogenous BAs had similar metabolic pathways in cirrhotic rats, although OCA hepatic and intestinal clearance were lower than in controls. BAs' qualitative and quantitative compositions were not modified by a single administration of OCA. In all the matrices studied, OCA concentrations were significantly lower than those of endogenous BAs, potentially much more cytotoxic.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Ácido Quenodesoxicólico/análogos & derivados , Cirrosis Hepática/metabolismo , Metabolómica , Animales , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/orina , Fístula Biliar/metabolismo , Fístula Biliar/patología , Ácido Quenodesoxicólico/metabolismo , Ácido Quenodesoxicólico/orina , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Heces/química , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Intestinos/patología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Cirrosis Hepática/sangre , Cirrosis Hepática/patología , Masculino , Metaboloma , Ratas Wistar , Distribución Tisular
3.
J Hum Hypertens ; 24(6): 417-26, 2010 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19907435

RESUMEN

The baroreflex control of circulation is always operating and modulates blood pressure and heart rate oscillations. Thus, the study of cardiovascular variability in humans is performed in a closed-loop model and the physiology of post-sinoaortic denervation is completely unknown in humans. We dissected for the first time the different components of systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and RR-interval spectra in a patient with 'baroreflex failure' (due to mixed cranial nerve neuroma) who represents a human model to investigate the cardiovascular regulation in an open-loop condition. Interactions among cardiovascular variability signals and respiratory influences were described using the multivariate parametric ARXAR model with the following findings: (1) rhythms unrelated to respiration were detected only at frequencies lower than classical low frequency (LF; Slow-LF, around 0.02 Hz) both in SAP an RR spectra, (2) small high-frequency (HF) modulation is present and related with respiration at rest and in tilt (but for SAP only) and (3) the Slow-LF fluctuations detected both in SAP and RR oscillate independently as the multivariate model shows no relationships between SAP and RR, and these oscillations are not phase related. Thus, we showed that in a patient with impaired baroreflex arc integrity the Slow-LF rhythms for RR have a central origin that dictates fluctuations on RR at the same rhythm but unrelated to the oscillation of SAP (which may be related with both peripheral activity and central rhythms). The synchronization in LF band is a hallmark of integrity of baroreflex arc whose impairment unmasks lower frequency rhythms in SAP and RR whose fluctuations oscillate independently.


Asunto(s)
Barorreflejo , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Anciano , Neoplasias de los Nervios Craneales/complicaciones , Retroalimentación Fisiológica , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Humanos , Hipertensión/etiología , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Neuroma/complicaciones , Periodicidad
4.
Horm Res ; 67(4): 171-8, 2007.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17106203

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The effects of thyroid deprivation on the autonomic modulation to the heart remain controversial. METHODS: In this study in patients followed for thyroid carcinoma, we investigated (1) heart rate variability parameters and the baroreflex gain and (2) intracellular catecholamine levels in circulating lymphocytes during short-term hypothyroidism (phase 1) and after reinstitution of TSH-suppressive thyroid hormone replacement (phase 2). RESULTS: The RR interval value (p < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) were higher in phase 1 than in phase 2. The low-frequency/high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio was significantly lower in the hypothyroid state (p < 0.05), with a higher HF component (p < 0.05). After adjusting for mean RR interval in the regression model, the difference between the power of RR interval oscillations calculated in the two states was greater for the LF band (p = 0.005) and it was borderline significant for the HF band (p = 0.052). The baroreflex gain alpha(LF) index was similar in the two phases. The stimulus-induced cellular production of norepinephrine and epinephrine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in phase 2. CONCLUSION: The neurally-mediated influences on the sinus node and the study of intracellular catecholamine production suggest a reduced sympathoexcitation in hypothyroidism compared with the treatment phase. The early increase in blood pressure observed after thyroid hormone withdrawal is not due to impaired sensitivity of the baroreflex arc.


Asunto(s)
Catecolaminas/orina , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Hipotiroidismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipotiroidismo/fisiopatología , Hormonas Tiroideas/uso terapéutico , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/efectos de los fármacos , Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiología , Barorreflejo/efectos de los fármacos , Barorreflejo/fisiología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Carcinoma Papilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma Papilar/radioterapia , Carcinoma Papilar/cirugía , Células Cultivadas , Dopamina/orina , Epinefrina/orina , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Linfocitos/citología , Linfocitos/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/orina , Cintigrafía , Nodo Sinoatrial/efectos de los fármacos , Nodo Sinoatrial/fisiología , Hormonas Tiroideas/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Tiroidectomía , Imagen de Cuerpo Entero
5.
Drugs Exp Clin Res ; 29(5-6): 171-2, 2003.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15134371

Asunto(s)
Salud , Gusto , Vino , Humanos
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