Topical Bacteriophage Therapy for Staphylococcal Superficial Pyoderma in Horses: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.

Increased antimicrobial resistance highlights the need for alternatives to antibiotics. Bacteriophages, which are benign viruses that kill bacteria, are promising. We studied the efficacy of topical bacteriophages for treating equine staphylococcal superficial pyodermas. Eight Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested against a bacteriophage bank, and a cocktail consisting of two bacteriophages was prepared. Twenty horses with clinical and cytological evidence of superficial pyoderma and confirmed S. aureus infection based on swabbed culture were enrolled in the study. Each horse received both the bacteriophage cocktail and the placebo at two different infection sites, once daily for four weeks. Clinical lesions and cytology were evaluated weekly by an investigator who was unaware of the treatment sites. All infection sites were swabbed and cultured at the end of the study. A linear mixed model showed no significant differences between the placebo and treatment sites in terms of clinical signs, cytological scores of inflammation, and bacterial counts at the end of the study. It is possible that the bacteriophage cocktail killed S. aureus, but cytology scores did not change as new populations of cocci took over. The study limitations included a small sample size and inconsistent control of the underlying causes of pyodermas.

Evolution of the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance to Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Horses in Florida over a 10-Year Period.

Previous studies documented antibiotic resistance in horses but did not focus on skin specifically. We investigated antibiotic resistance and correlations between resistance patterns in skin infections. Records from 2009 to 2019 were searched for Staphylococcal infection and susceptibility results. Seventy-seven cases were included. Organisms identified were S. aureus (48/77), S. pseudintermedius (7/77), non-hemolytic Staphylococcus (8/77), beta-hemolytic Staphylococcus (6/77), and other species (8/77). Samples included pyoderma (36/77), wounds (10/77), abscesses (15/77), incision sites (5/77), nose (8/77), and foot (3/77). A trend analysis using non-parametric Spearman's test showed significant upward trend of resistance (p < 0.05) for 3/15 antibiotics (ampicillin, cefazolin, penicillin). Susceptibility was significantly different by Staphylococcal species for 8/15 antibiotics. Gentamicin showed significant susceptibility differences based on source (all abscesses were susceptible to gentamicin). Steel-Dwass test showed statistically significant (p = 0.003) difference between incision sites and abscesses. A non-parametric Kendall's T-test found significantly negative correlation between cefazolin and amikacin sensitivity (p = 0.0108) and multiple positive correlations of resistance (p < 0.05). This study confirms increasing resistance in dermatologic samples. It is unlikely that the sample source affects resistance, but Staphylococcus species may affect it. Study limitations include lack of information about previous antibiotic use and small sample size.

Successful use of carbon dioxide laser surgery as an adjunctive treatment for feline herpesvirus-1 dermatitis in two cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus).

Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) lasers are used for a variety of soft tissue procedures. This report describes their use in dermatitis associated with feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV) in two cheetahs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing CO2 laser use to adjunctively treat FHV-associated skin lesions.

Les lasers au dioxyde de carbone (CO2) sont utilisés pour une variété de procédures sur les tissus mous. Ce rapport décrit leur utilisation dans la dermatite associée à l'herpèsvirus félin-1 (FHV) chez deux guépards. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier article décrivant l'utilisation du laser CO2 pour traiter de manière complémentaire les lésions cutanées associées au FHV.

Los láseres de dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) se utilizan para una variedad de procedimientos de tejidos blandos. Este informe describe su uso en la dermatitis asociada con el herpesvirus felino-1 (FHV) en dos guepardos. A entender de los autores, este es el primer informe que describe el uso del láser de CO2 para tratar de forma complementaria las lesiones cutáneas asociadas con infección con FHV.

Lasers de dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) são utilizados em uma grande variedade de procedimentos de tecidos moles. Este relato descreve a sua utilização na dermatite associada ao herpesvírus felino (HVF)-1 em duas chitas. De acordo com o conhecimento dos autores, este é o primeiro relato descrevendo a utilização do laser de CO2 no tratamento adjunto de lesões cutâneas associadas o HVF.

Erysipeloid lesions caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a dog: clinical and histopathological findings, molecular diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a widespread Gram-positive, nonsporulating rod bacterium predominantly associated with skin disease in swine and cetaceans. Cutaneous lesions have yet to be described in dogs. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation, molecular and histopathological diagnosis, and treatment of a case of erysipeloid caused by E. rhusiopathiae in a dog. ANIMALS: A 6-month-old spayed female standard poodle dog presented with lethargy, fever, vomiting and diarrhoea. Skin lesions appeared 20 days post first examination. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis, urine culture, blood culture, computed topography, forelimb radiography, joint and cerebrospinal fluid aspiration were performed; samples were collected for skin cytological evaluation, culture and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Blood cultures yielded Gram-positive, catalase-negative bacilli. Histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies revealed lymphoplasmacytic, neutrophilic and histiocytic perivascular and periadnexal dermatitis, and vasculitis. Cutaneous and blood PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA identified the bacteria as E. rhusiopathiae. Clinical resolution was observed following the use of of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin therapies. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of erysipeloid caused by E. rhusiopathiae in a dog. Clinical resolution was attained with the extended use of antibiotics. After 13 months, no clinical signs had returned.