Teen dating violence: predictive role of sexism and the mediating role of empathy and assertiveness based on gender.

Background: Despite efforts to prevent dating violence among adolescents, it remains a major problem with multiple negative consequences. Sexist beliefs, empathy, and assertiveness influence teen dating violence (TDV) with potential gender differences. Objectives: (1) Determine gender disparities in TDV perpetration and victimization, including relational, verbal-emotional, and physical aspects, as well as roles; (2) Analyze gender variations in sexism, empathy, assertiveness, and their relationship with TDV; (3) Establish a predictive model of sexism in TDV with empathy and assertiveness as mediators for both genders. Participants and setting: A sample of 862 secondary school students (50.2% females, 49.8% males; mean age: 14.1 years) from diverse regions in Spain participated. Methods: TDV was measured using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) in a cross-sectional study. Sexism, empathy, and assertiveness were assessed using the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and Assertiveness Inventory for Students Questionnaire (AISQ), respectively. Results: Females exhibited higher TDV perpetration, specifically verbal-emotional TDV. Males showed more relational TDV and hostile sexism, while no benevolent sexism differences were observed. Mediation models demonstrated sexism, assertiveness, and empathy as individual predictors of TDV, with varying mediation effects. Personal distress partially mediates the link between sexism and TDV perpetration or victimization in males, while practical personal ability mediates between sexism and TDV perpetration in females. Conclusion: Sexism predicts both perpetration and victimization in TDV, linked to empathy and assertiveness. Notably, specific dimensions of empathy and assertiveness mediate the connection between sexism and TDV, displaying gender-specific patterns. Preventive measures should consider personal distress in male perpetrators/victims and practical personal ability in female perpetrators.

Recent progress in adverse events of carboxylic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (CBA-NSAIDs) and their association with the metabolism: the consequences on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and prevention with natural plant extracts.

INTRODUCTION: Carboxylic acid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (CBA-NSAIDs) are extensively used worldwide due to their antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects. CBA-NSAIDs have reasonable margin of safety at therapeutic doses, and in the current climate, do not possess addiction potential like opioid drugs. Studies have revealed that various adverse events of CBA-NSAIDs are related mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. AREAS COVERED: This review article summarizes adverse events induced by CBA-NSAIDs, mechanisms of mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, and metabolic interactions. Meanwhile, this review discusses the treatment and prevention of CBA-NSAIDs damage by natural plant extracts based on antioxidant effects. EXPERT OPINION: CBA-NSAIDs can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mediate DNA, protein and lipid damage, lead to imbalance of cell antioxidant status, change of mitochondrial membrane potential, activate oxidative stress signal pathway, thus leading to oxidative stress and cell damage. Adverse events caused by CBA-NSAIDs often exhibit dose and time dependence. In order to avoid adverse events caused by CBA-NSAIDs, it is necessary to provide detailed patient consultation and eliminate influencing factors. Moreover, constructive research studies on the organ-specific toxicity and mechanism of natural plant extracts in preventing and treating metabolic abnormalities of CBA-NSAIDs, will provide important value for warning and guidance for use of CBA-NSAIDs.

Adverse Effects Related to Paediatric Influenza Vaccination and Its Influence on Vaccination Acceptability. The FLUTETRA Study: A Survey Conducted in the Region of Murcia, Spain.

BACKGROUND: During the 2022-23 season, three autonomous communities recommended influenza vaccination for all children between 6 and 59 months. The objective is to evaluate the adverse effects associated with the administered influenza vaccines in the Region of Murcia, as well as their influence on the recommendation of the same to acquaintances or repetition in future seasons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study with an online questionnaire sent to the parents of vaccinated minors of 6-23 months of age receiving inactivated intramuscular vaccine (IIV) or 24-59 months of age receiving live-attenuated intranasal vaccine (LAIV). RESULTS: Among 4971 surveys received, the most common adverse effect for LAIV and IIV was runny nose (40.90%) and local pain (31.94%), respectively. Sixty percent of adverse effects lasted ≤ 1 day, and around 10% lasted ≥ 3 days. The interference of adverse effects with the minor's daily life was very infrequent (3.32%), as was the need for visiting the medical office (2.68%). Overall, 96.44% of parents would recommend influenza vaccination to friends and relatives after the experience. Only 3.56% would not recommend it, while 1.68% would not vaccinate their child against influenza again. The most frequently cited reason being adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the safety of influenza vaccines. Despite the low impact of adverse effects, they influence some parents in their intention to continue vaccinating or recommending it to acquaintances, which remarks the need to reinforce the information given to parents so that this fact does not influence decision-making.

Multiple Congenital Anomalies-Hypotonia-Seizures Syndrome 2 Caused by a Novel PIGA Variant Not Associated with a Skewed X-Inactivation Pattern.

Germline variants in the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (PIGA) gene, which is involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) biosynthesis, cause multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2 (MCAHS2) with X-linked recessive inheritance. The available literature has described a pattern of almost 100% X-chromosome inactivation in mothers carrying PIGA variants. Here, we report a male infant with MCAHS2 caused by a novel PIGA variant inherited from his mother, who has a non-skewed pattern of X inactivation. Phenotypic evidence supporting the pathogenicity of the variant was obtained by flow-cytometry tests. We propose that the assessment in neutrophils of the expression of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), especially CD16, should be considered in cases with variants of unknown significance with random X-inactivation in carrier mothers in order to clarify the pathogenic role of PIGA or other gene variants linked to the synthesis of GPI-APs.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Severe Obesity and Concordance between Invasive (Biopsy) and Noninvasive (OWLiver®) Diagnoses.

INTRODUCTION: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), now termed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is an escalating health concern linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Despite liver biopsy being the gold standard, its invasiveness underscores the need for noninvasive diagnostic methods. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed to assess MASLD using the noninvasive OWLiver® serum lipidomics test in a cohort of 117 patients with severe obesity undergoing bariatric surgery, comparing outcomes with liver biopsy. Exclusions (n = 24) included insufficient data, liver disease etiology other than MASLD, corticosteroid treatment, excessive alcohol consumption, low glomerular filtration rate, and declination to participate. Comprehensive laboratory tests, demographic assessments, and liver biopsies were performed. Serum metabolites were analyzed using OWLiver®, a serum lipidomic test that discriminates between healthy liver, steatosis, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and MASH with fibrosis ≥2 by means of three algorithms run sequentially. RESULTS: Liver biopsy revealed a MASLD prevalence of 95.7%, with MASH present in 28.2% of cases. OWLiver® demonstrated a tendency to diagnose more severe cases. Body mass index (BMI), rather than the presence of type 2 diabetes, emerged as the sole independent factor linked to the probability of concordance. Therefore, the all-population concordance of 63.2% between OWLiver® and liver biopsy notably raised to 77.1% in patients with a BMI <40 kg/m2. These findings suggest a potential correlation between lower BMI and enhanced concordance between OWLiver® and biopsy. CONCLUSION: This study yields valuable insights into the concordance between liver biopsy and the noninvasive serum lipidomic test, OWLiver®, in severe obesity. OWLiver® demonstrated a tendency to amplify MASLD severity, with BMI values influencing concordance. Patients with BMI <40 kg/m2 may derive optimal benefits from this noninvasive diagnostic approach.

Eosinophil-derived extracellular vesicles: isolation and classification techniques and implications for disease pathophysiology.

Eosinophils are leukocytes characterized by their ability to release granule content that is highly rich in enzymes and proteins. Besides the anti-helminthic, bactericidal, and antiviral properties of eosinophils and their secretory granules, these also play a prominent role in the pathophysiology of diseases like asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and other hypereosinophilic conditions by causing tissue damage and airway hyperresponsiveness. Although this cell was first recognized mainly for its capacity to release granule content, nowadays other capabilities such as cytokine secretion have been linked to its physiology, and research has found that eosinophils are not only involved in innate immunity, but also as orchestrators of immune responses. Nearly 10 years ago, eosinophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were first described; since then, the EV field has grown exponentially, revealing their vital roles in intracellular communication. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge on eosinophil-derived EVs, beginning with a description of what they are and what makes them important regulators of disease, followed by an account of the methodologies used to isolate and characterize EVs. We also summarize current understanding of eosinophil-derived vesicles functionality, especially in asthma, the disease in which eosinophil-derived EVs have been most widely studied, describing how they modulate the role of eosinophils themselves (through autocrine signaling) and the way they affect airway structural cells and airway remodeling. Deeper understanding of this cell type could lead to novel research in eosinophil biology, its role in other diseases, and possible use of eosinophil-derived EVs as therapeutic targets.

Diffuse coexpression of thyroid transcription factor-1 and p40 in a non-small cell carcinoma of the lung: Second case in the female population / Coexpresión difusa del factor de transcripción tiroidea 1 y p40 en un carcinoma de célula no pequeña del pulmón: segundo caso en la población de sexo femenino

Some non-small cell carcinomas of the lung can express TTF1 and p40 in the same tumor cells. This event has been described in only six cases prior to this one, and only in one other female. It is an extraordinary event that appears as a new entity yet to be defined. The case presented is a woman with a non-small cell lung carcinoma with diffuse coexpression of TTF1 and p40 in the same cells. (AU)

Algunos carcinomas de célula no pequeña del pulmón pueden expresar TTF1 y p40 en las mismas células tumorales. Este evento se ha descrito únicamente en 6 casos anteriores a este, y solo en otra persona del sexo femenino. Se trata de un evento extraordinario que se muestra como una nueva entidad todavía por definir. El caso que se presenta versa sobre una mujer con un carcinoma de pulmón de célula no pequeña con coexpresión difusa en las mismas células de TTF1 y p40. (AU)

Evolution of interconsultal activity to endocrinology and nutrition in hospitalization floor in a third level hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Endocrinology and Nutrition (EyN) is an outpatient and hospital medical specialty. This study aims to understand the evolution of the activity of interdepartmental consultation (IC) carried out by EyN in hospitalization floor of a third level hospital, comparing its evolution with other medical specialties, and comparing endocrine IC with nutritional IC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Longitudinal and retrospective study which analyzes IC notes of EyN and other medical specialties between 01-01-2013 and 31-12-2022. RESULTS: A total of 76093 IC notes (12623 patients) were performed by the EyN service (average age 65.4 years; 59% male) with an average of 4.8 notes per patient. Average annual growth was 7% in notes and 4% in patients (versus 6% and 3% of all other medical services, differences statistically significant). Of all patients hospitalized for 4 or more days, EyN went from attending 7.9% (2013) to 12.3% (2022). 66% of the IC performed by EyN was for nutritional cause and 34% for other pathologies. CONCLUSIONS: The EyN service is the one that most patients attend in hospital IC activity, with growth over the last few years greater than other medical specialties. Nutritional pathology is the main reason for IC.

A 12-week multicomponent exercise program enhances frailty by increasing robustness, improves physical performance, and preserves muscle mass in older adults with HIV: MOVIhNG study.

Background: Our aim was to analyze the effects of a multicomponent exercise program (MEP) on frailty and physical performance in older adults with HIV (OAWH) since exercise can reverse frailty in the older population overall, but there is no data for OAWH. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study with intervention and control group was designed. Sedentary adults 50 or over with and without HIV were included. The intervention was a 12-week home-based MEP. Dependent variables were frailty (frailty phenotype), physical performance (Senior Fitness Test), muscle mass (ASMI) by bioimpedance. Pre- and postintervention measurements were analyzed using McNemar's test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for quantitative variables. Results: 40 OAWH and 20 OA without HIV. The median age was 56.5 years. 23.3% were women. The prevalence of frailty was 6.6% with no frail HIV-negative participants. Three of the four frail HIV-participants transitioned two (50%) from frail to prefrail and one (25%) to robust after the MEP. In participants with an adherence ≥50%, physical performance was significantly improved [basal vs. 12 week]: upper extremity strength [13 (13-15) vs. 16 (15-19), p = 0.0001], lower extremity strength [13 (11-16) vs. 15 (13-16), p = 0.004], aerobic endurance [62 (55-71) vs. 66 (58-80), p = 0.005]. Participants with low adherence experienced a significant worsening in ASMI [8.35 (7.44-9.26) vs. 7.09 (6.08-8.62), p = 0.03]. Conclusion: A 12-week MEP enhances frailty by increasing robustness in OAWH, and improves physical performance, and preserves muscle mass in older adults with good adherence to the MEP independently of HIV status.

Assessing Quality of Life, Economic Burden, and Independence Across the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum Using Patient-Caregiver Dyad Surveys.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have negative quality of life (QoL) and economic impacts on patients and their caregivers and may increase along the disease continuum from MCI to mild, moderate, and severe AD. Objective: To assess how patient and caregiver QoL, indirect and intangible costs are associated with MCI and AD severity. Methods: An on-line survey of physician-identified patient-caregiver dyads living in the United States was conducted from June-October 2022 and included questions to both patients and their caregivers. Dementia Quality of Life Proxy, the Care-related Quality of Life, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment, and Dependence scale were incorporated into the survey. Regression analyses investigated the association between disease severity and QoL and cost outcomes with adjustment for baseline characteristics. Results: One-hundred patient-caregiver dyads were assessed with the survey (MCI, n = 27; mild AD, n = 27; moderate AD, n = 25; severe AD, n = 21). Decreased QoL was found with worsening severity in patients (p < 0.01) and in unpaid (informal) caregivers (n = 79; p = 0.02). Dependence increased with disease severity (p < 0.01). Advanced disease severity was associated with higher costs to employers (p = 0.04), but not with indirect costs to caregivers. Patient and unpaid caregiver intangible costs increased with disease severity (p < 0.01). A significant trend of higher summed costs (indirect costs to caregivers, costs to employers, intangible costs to patients and caregivers) in more severe AD was observed (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Patient QoL and functional independence and unpaid caregiver QoL decrease as AD severity increases. Intangible costs to patients and summed costs increase with disease severity and are highest in severe AD.

Development of combination therapies with BTK inhibitors and dasatinib to treat CNS-infiltrating E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL.

ABSTRACT: The t(1;19) translocation, encoding the oncogenic fusion protein E2A (TCF3)-PBX1, is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and associated with a pre-B-cell receptor (preBCR+) phenotype. Relapse in patients with E2A-PBX1+ ALL frequently occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, there is a medical need for the identification of CNS active regimens for the treatment of E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL. Using unbiased short hairpin RNA (shRNA) library screening approaches, we identified Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a key gene involved in both proliferation and dasatinib sensitivity of E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL. Depletion of BTK by shRNAs resulted in decreased proliferation of dasatinib-treated E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ cells compared with control-transduced cells. Moreover, the combination of dasatinib with BTK inhibitors (BTKi; ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, or zanubrutinib) significantly decreased E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ human and murine cell proliferation, reduced phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2) and BTK phosphorylation and total protein levels and increased disease-free survival of mice in secondary transplantation assays, particularly reducing CNS-leukemic infiltration. Hence, dasatinib with ibrutinib reduced pPLCG2 and pBTK in primary ALL patient samples, including E2A-PBX1+ ALLs. In summary, genetic depletion and pharmacological inhibition of BTK increase dasatinib effects in human and mouse with E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL across most of performed assays, with the combination of dasatinib and BTKi proving effective in reducing CNS infiltration of E2A-PBX1+/preBCR+ ALL cells in vivo.

Application of 3D technology for the design of a guidewire for deep cervicofacial collections percutaneous management.

Background: This study aims to present a case of deep cervicofacial abscesses and demonstrate the efficacy of CT-guided drainage with a custom-designed puncture guide in a challenging anatomical location. The use of this type of guide is an innovative technique since CAD-CAM technology has not been used for this type of application until now. Material and Methods: A 76-year-old man with persistent facial swelling and trismus underwent surgical drainage initially, but symptoms persisted. A CT-guided transcutaneous approach was planned using a custom-designed positioning guide created with "in-house" 3D technology. The guide was fabricated using Surgical Guide resin, and the patient underwent successful CT-guided drainage. Results: The intervention facilitated precise drainage without damaging critical anatomical structures. The patient exhibited prompt clinical improvement, shortened hospitalization, and favorable aesthetic outcomes. Conclusions: CT-guided drainage, particularly when combined with a custom puncture guide, offers a less invasive alternative for challenging cervicofacial abscesses. This approach proves valuable in reducing procedure duration, minimizing soft tissue trauma, and enhancing preoperative planning, making it especially beneficial for patients with high anesthetic risk or complex anatomical considerations. Key words:Cervical abscess, 3D technology, drainage guide, percutaneous puncture.

Diffuse coexpression of thyroid transcription factor-1 and p40 in a non-small cell carcinoma of the lung: Second case in the female population.

Some non-small cell carcinomas of the lung can express TTF1 and p40 in the same tumor cells. This event has been described in only six cases prior to this one, and only in one other female. It is an extraordinary event that appears as a new entity yet to be defined. The case presented is a woman with a non-small cell lung carcinoma with diffuse coexpression of TTF1 and p40 in the same cells.

Advanced Data Processing of Pancreatic Cancer Data Integrating Ontologies and Machine Learning Techniques to Create Holistic Health Records.

The modern healthcare landscape is overwhelmed by data derived from heterogeneous IoT data sources and Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems. Based on the advancements in data science and Machine Learning (ML), an improved ability to integrate and process the so-called primary and secondary data fosters the provision of real-time and personalized decisions. In that direction, an innovative mechanism for processing and integrating health-related data is introduced in this article. It describes the details of the mechanism and its internal subcomponents and workflows, together with the results from its utilization, validation, and evaluation in a real-world scenario. It also highlights the potential derived from the integration of primary and secondary data into Holistic Health Records (HHRs) and from the utilization of advanced ML-based and Semantic Web techniques to improve the quality, reliability, and interoperability of the examined data. The viability of this approach is evaluated through heterogeneous healthcare datasets pertaining to personalized risk identification and monitoring related to pancreatic cancer. The key outcomes and innovations of this mechanism are the introduction of the HHRs, which facilitate the capturing of all health determinants in a harmonized way, and a holistic data ingestion mechanism for advanced data processing and analysis.

Surface scanned 3D designed customized chinstrap for the treatment of intraoral dehiscence in polytraumatized patient. Technical note.

The advent of 3D surgical technology has revolutionized personalized medicine, enabling the development of tailored solutions for individual patients. This technical note presents the application of 3D technology in designing a customized chin guard using flexible 3D resin. The process involves surface scanning the lower facial region of a polytraumatized patient with a structured-light surface 3D scanner, generating a detailed point cloud. The acquired data undergoes meticulous processing within an specific professional software, including erasing unwanted portions, aligning frames, and mesh consolidation. Subsequently, the mesh is exported as an STL file and further refined using a 3D mesh management software. A customized chin support is designed for the specific patient's needs, exported in STL format, and 3D printed using a stereolithography (SLA) printer with Flexible 80A resin. Post-printing procedures involve washing and curing to ensure biocompatibility and optimal mechanical characteristics. The resultant customized chin guard, attached to elastic support straps, offers a precise fit to the patient's anatomy, enhancing comfort and allowing for extended wear. This innovative approach addresses the challenge of surgical intraoral wound dehiscence in a polytraumatized patient, showcasing the potential of 3D technology in personalized medical solutions for complex cases. Key words:Surface scanner, 3D surgery, customized surgery, chinstrap.

Prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled study on the effectiveness and safety of a hyaluronic acid water-based vaginal lubricant in alleviating vaginal dryness and dyspareunia.

BACKGROUND: Vaginal dryness (VD) represents a significant concern affecting women across diverse life stages, encompassing both pre- and postmenopausal women at any age. Dyspareunia, defined by genital pain that can be experienced before, during, or after intercourse, is often associated with vaginal dryness. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a water-based vaginal lubricant with hyaluronic acid to reduce sexual discomfort associated with vaginal dryness. METHODS: A prospective, multicenter, uncontrolled clinical investigation was conducted over a three-month period in women aged 18 years or older experiencing pain or difficulty during sexual intercourse for whom the use of a vaginal lubricant was recommended. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the FSFI scores, indicating enhanced sexual function (p < .001). Vaginal dryness symptoms, including irritation, dryness, itching, and dyspareunia, significantly decreased after product use (p < .001). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to the limited scientific knowledge on the application of lubricants in the context of symptoms associated with VD. STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS: In addition to the short study period, inherent limitations of the study design, and lack of placebo control, it is pertinent to acknowledge that some of the pros used in this study were not based on validated questionnaires. However, as far as we know, this study is the only one that analyzes well-being and sexual pleasure as results using a lubricant formulated with hyaluronic acid. CONCLUSION: This tested vaginal lubricant with hyaluronic acid has demonstrated efficacy in improving vaginal dryness and female sexual function, particularly in reducing pain and improving lubrication during sexual intercourse, and showed a favorable safety profile, with minimal and transient adverse events.

Antimicrobial sensitisers: Gatekeepers to avoid the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria.

The resistance of multidrug-resistant bacteria to existing antibiotics forces the continued development of new antibiotics and antibacterial agents, but the high costs and long timeframe involved in the development of new agents renders the hope that existing antibiotics may again play a part. The "antibiotic adjuvant" is an indirect antibacterial strategy, but its vague concept has, in the past, limited the development speed of related drugs. In this review article, we put forward an accurate concept of a "non-self-antimicrobial sensitisers (NSAS)", to distinguish it from an "antibiotic adjuvant", and then discuss several scientific methods to restore bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics, and the sources and action mechanism of existing NSAS, in order to guide the development and further research of NSAS.

Virtual Surgical Planning for Temporomandibular Joint Reconstruction with Stock TMJ Prostheses: Pilot Study.

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the human anatomy. In advanced degenerative stages, conservative or minimally invasive surgical therapies have failed to restore joint function, and joint replacement with prostheses has been required. Stock prostheses, compared to custom-made prostheses, are much less expensive and require less pre-operative preparation time. Four patients followed for years for temporomandibular dysfunction and previously operated on by arthroscopy or open joint surgery that have been reconstructed with stock TMJ prostheses (STMJP) through virtual surgical planning (VSP) and an STL model with surgical and positioning guides were included. The median follow-up was 15 months; the median number of previous TMJ surgeries was 2. The mean preoperative MIO was 24.6 mm and at longest follow-up was 36.4 mm. The median preoperative TMJ pain score was 8, and the median postoperative TMJ pain was 3. All patients have improved their mandibular function with a clear improvement of their initial situation. In conclusion, we believe that stock TMJ prostheses with virtual surgical planning and surgical guides are a good alternative for TMJ reconstruction at the present time. Nonetheless, prospective and randomized trials are required with long-term follow up to assess their performance and safety.