First endogenous fungal endophthalmitis due to Fusarium dimerum: A severe eye infection contracted during induction chemotherapy for acute leukemia.

Endophthalmitis is a rare infection of the vitreous and/or aqueous. It can be bacterial or fungal. Exogenous endophthalmitis is the most common form and results from direct inoculation of a pathogen after eye surgery or penetrating trauma. Endophthalmitis can also be endogenous, secondary to disseminated infection. Fungal endophthalmitis is associated with poor prognosis and treatment is difficult given the low penetration of most of the antifungal agents available and the emergence of resistant filamentous fungi like Fusarium. To our knowledge, we describe the first endogenous fungal endophthalmitis due to Fusarium dimerum, a ubiquitous pathogen found in soil and plants. A 71-year-old woman, diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia, was hospitalized for surveillance after induction chemotherapy. Prophylaxis by antibiotics and posaconazole was ongoing when she complained of pain and decreased vision in the left eye. A voluminous chorioretinal abscess developed and after multiple sterile aqueous humour samples, only vitrectomy allowed diagnosis with fungal hyphae seen on May-Grünwald Giemsa stained smear and positive cultures. The fungus was identified as Fusarium dimerum. The treatment, that included intravitreal injections of voriconazole and amphotericin B associated with systemic administration of voriconazole, allowed complete control of the infection. The source of this infection could not be confirmed despite the discovery of several possible infection sites including a periungual whitlow on the left hand and a lesion on a nail, from which samples were negative in microbiology laboratories. Unfortunately, damages of the retina were too important and the patient did not recover sight of her left eye.

Medical management of a subretinal Klebsiella pneumoniae abscess with excellent visual outcome without performing vitrectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To report the case of a Klebsiella pneumoniae endogenous endophthalmitis (KPEE) of hepatic and urinary origin that was successfully treated with systemic antibiotherapy and 13 intravitreal antibiotics injections without performing a vitrectomy. PATIENT AND METHOD: Case report of a 60-year-old man with a subretinal abscess in the left eye that developed 3 days after initial presentation for K. pneumoniae bacteremia, liver abscess and urinary tract infection. RESULTS: Ophthalmic examination of the left eye showed anterior uveitis and a single subretinal abscess located in mid-peripheral temporal retina. BCVA dropped to 20/50. Follow-up was made with clinical examination and multimodal imaging (SD-OCT, FA, ICGA) with high field photographs. A total of 13 intravitreal injections (IVI) of ceftazidime were performed, and no vitrectomy was required. Ocular signs regressed and prognosis was excellent with 20/20 of final BCVA. CONCLUSION: KPEE is a rare but severe condition with a typically poor ocular prognosis. When diagnosis is made early, subretinal abscess with partially conserved BCVA could be treated successfully with medical management that includes systemic antibiotics and repeated intravitreal injections without requiring vitrectomy.

[Endoscopy-guided 20-G vitrectomy in severe endophthalmitis: Report of 18 cases and literature review]. / Vitrectomie endoscopique 20Ga dans les endophtalmies sévères : série de 18 cas et revue de la littérature.

OBJECTIVE: To report the anatomical and functional outcomes after endoscopy-guided vitrectomy in a series of cases of severe endophthalmitis. Also to identify and compare the outcomes of two different modes of clinical presentation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective case study, single center; all patients who underwent endoscopic 20Ga vitrectomy (Endo optiks E4 system) for severe endophthalmitis were included. For each case, data were recorded for: etiology, surgical indication, preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, comorbidity factors and postoperative complications, and whether any additional surgery was performed. Two groups were distinguished according to their initial mode of presentation; results were then compared in terms of complications and visual prognosis to those found in the literature. RESULTS: Eighteen patients were included, with mean age 62±19years. Severe endophthalmitis was initially obvious for 8 cases (group 1). For 10 cases, disease progression had been considered unfavorable despite adequate medical treatment (group 2). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.55). Endophthalmitis occurred: after intravitreal injections (4 cases), after intraocular foreign body (n=2), after cataract surgery (n=5), following a trabeculectomy (n=2), after epiretinal membrane peeling (n=3), 1 case caused by a corneal infection and 1 case of endogenous leptospirosis. Mean follow-up was 13.7months. The surgical technique was a complete 20Ga vitrectomy under endoscopic visual control. The mean operative time was 70±27minutes. The causative organism was identified in 72% of cases in vitreous humor samples, among which 77% were gram-positive organisms. The infection was controlled in 89% of cases, and these patients have recovered useful visual acuity. CONCLUSION: The value of endoscopic visualization in ophthalmology has been proven for 30 S. aureus years, but its miniaturization enhances the current enthusiasm for the use of this instrumentation. When visualization is compromised, endoscopic guided vitrectomy is very useful and may assist the surgeon in the management of these difficult cases. Our anatomical and functional outcomes are encouraging, but we must keep in mind the poor long-term prognosis of severe endophthalmitis.

[Multifocal IOLs in the high myope, 6-year follow-up]. / Implants multifocaux chez le grand myope, résultats à 6ans.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, the use of multifocal IOL's remains controversial for patients with high myopia, especially because of the risk of retinal complications and poor quality of vision. Our goal was to evaluate this retinal risk and clarify the benefits obtained in this population in terms of visual acuity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine highly myopic patients (52 eyes with over 6 diopters of myopia) aged 40-69 years with early cataract by LOCSIII were selected for multifocal lens implantation, based on a healthy endothelium and retina as well as better visual acuity corrected to at least 0.5 - J2. Thirteen of them (21 eyes) had been previously implanted with a phakic IOL. The AT Lisa IOL (Zeiss©) was chosen because of the low powers available and ease of exchange. Data collection was conducted prospectively, at each visit. The main study parameters were the development of retinal complications, occurrence of PCO, patient satisfaction rate and rate of spectacle independence. RESULTS: At the end of the 6-year follow-up, we found 2 rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (3.8%) occurring at approximately 20 months and favorably treated without IOL explantation. We also found one case of macular atrophy secondary to cystoid edema. Twenty-seven uncomplicated YAG posterior capsulotomies were performed for posterior capsule opacification. Ninety-eight percent of patients reached best corrected visual acuity of at least 0.5 and 38% of at least 0.8 without correction. Finally, 85% of patients achieved spectacle independence, and all would be willing to undergo the same procedure. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Multifocal IOL implantation in the high myope provided favorable results at 6 years, in carefully selected cases, providing optimal binocular visual comfort, including near vision. However, the fragility of the highly myopic retina mandates long-term follow-up. It would be beneficial to compare results of multifocal vs. monofocal IOL implantation in terms of visual performance and safety.